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Biomedical subjects

E Tarján

Publications and source records attributed to E Tarján.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Pulmonary echinococcosis].

Two patients with pulmonal Echinococcosis are presented by the authors. Contact with cestoda carrier animals cannot be revealed. At the first patient, who was without any complaints, the two round shadows in her chest X-ray were detected accidentally by screening examination and before the operation only eosinophilia, many eosinophil granulocytes in the pleural effusion and the positive complement binding reaction were related to the Echinococcosis, which was proved by the histological examination of the intraoperative biopsy. The other patient had complaints during months. In this case the Echinococcus granulosus broke into the bronchus and emptied in the sputum. Postoperative histological diagnosis can be obtained by help of the excision from the intraluminal alteration which was visible during bronchoscopy. The authors summarize the etiology, the clinical signs, the diagnose and the therapy of Echinococcosis. They call attention to the incidence of this mainly tropical disease in Hungary and to the rare soliter pulmonal manifestation of the Echinococcosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Longitudinal lung function study in heterozygous PiMZ phenotype subjects.

It is a matter of controversy whether subjects who are heterozygous (PiMZ) for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency are at risk of developing pulmonary emphysema. To assess the role of MZ phenotype in the development of abnormal lung function the authors performed a 10 year follow-up study of 28 PiMZ subjects, compared to 28 matched-paired normal PiMM subjects. Maximal expiratory flows and mechanical properties of the lungs were studied, in order to determine the changes of the lung function parameters characteristic of pulmonary emphysema. Total lung capacity and residual volume increased, whereas forced expiratory volume in one second, expiratory flows, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, and static transpulmonary pressures decreased in the PiMZ patients. The majority of the controlled functional parameters were found to deteriorate significantly in PiMZ patients during the 10 year period. Trypsin inhibitory capacity in the PiMZ group (mean +/- SD) was 0.65 +/- 0.17 mg.ml-1 as compared to 1.52 +/- 0.3 mg.ml-1 in the PiMM group. These changes exceeded the values expected as physiological changes due to ageing. The findings in the present longitudinal study--especially the decrease in elasticity, which is the primary pathophysiological damage in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency--support the concept that the PiMZ phenotype is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema at younger age than in those without the deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Use of Taleum 1-mg inhalation aerosol in bronchial asthma patients.

The effect of 2 sodium chromoglycate products: Taleum 1-mg aerosol (EGIS) and Intal powder capsule (Fisons) has been examined for 4-4 weeks in 15 extrinsic asthma patients by cross-over self-controlled open method. The patients measured peak expiratory flow (PEF) 5 times daily and recorded the time of dyspneic periods in a diary as well as the amount of bronchodilator spray (Berodual, Boehringer) used as adjuvant therapy during dyspnea. The results of the weekly evaluation of the complaints and PEF values proved that both drugs are similarly effective in the prevention of dyspnea caused by bronchial asthma. The adjuvant inhalation betamimetic and anticholinergic drug requirement was lowered, the number, intensity and total time of dyspneic episodes decreased. In the course of the examinations Taleum 1-mg inhalation aerosol proved to be of identical value with Intal powder capsule. Some patients who do not like powder inhalation found the Taleum aerosol drug form to be more advantageous. Side-effect of drug was not observed.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

[Cobalt-induced asthma in workers exposed to hard metal dust].

A case of 39 years old woman with asthma bronchiale associated with cobalt exposure is reported. Specific bronchial provocation tests in these patients supported the diagnosis of hard-metal-induced asthma and implicated cobalt as the agent responsible. The relevant literature data are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Solitary plasmacytoma of the lung].

A case of solitary plasmacytoma of the lung in a 64 year old woman is reported. The anatomical and clinical features of this exceedingly rare form are discussed. Stress is laid on the 'fact that diagnostic certainty can only be obtained by immunohistochemistry. It is also necessary that patients be subjected to periodical radiological and immunological studies in the postoperative period to detect the possible occurrence of multiple myeloma.

Female↗
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic possibilities in the management of antitrypsin-deficient pulmonary emphysema].

Congenital alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency may lead to pulmonary emphysema in young adults. Authors review the therapeutic approaches of this disease. Attempts to augment the production of endogenous antitrypsin are discussed in detail. Possibilities of substitution by human alpha-1-antitrypsin and recombinant alpha-1-antitrypsin are summarized. Results with the use of specific elastase inhibitors as well as the role and the site of gen-therapy in treatment are reviewed.

Genetic Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Comparative studies of the elastin content of normal and emphysematous human lungs with special regard to antitrypsin deficiency.

The elastin content and the amino acid composition of elastin in emphysematous and healthy control lung tissues were comparatively studied. Decreased lung elastin content was found in the emphysematous patients of both normal and reduced trypsin inhibitor activity compared to normal control subjects. In the emphysematous patients with reduced inhibitor level a more significantly decreased elastin level was found than in those emphysematous patients with normal inhibitor level. There was no difference between the two groups in either the amino acid composition of elastin or the ratio of nonpolar to polar amino acid components. There was no significant correlation demonstrable between the age and the elastin content of the lung. This applied to the control group as well as to the emphysematous patients with normal trypsin inhibitor activity. The results indicate that no genetically abnormal pulmonary elastin structure is a predisposing risk factor but the reduced elastin content induced by elastase enzymes leading to changed mechanical properties is responsible for the development of pulmonary emphysema.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of reduced extracellular sodium concentration on the function of adrenal zona glomerulosa: studies in conscious rats.

The present experiments were designed to study the effect extracellular hyponatraemia on aldosterone secretion. Hyperaldosteronism was induced by peritoneal dialysis with 5% glucose solution in dexamethasone-pretreated rats. In the narrow physiological range of 135-142 mmol/l, as well as in the whole range of the study (122-142 mmol/l), the plasma concentration of sodium showed a close negative correlation with the serum concentration of aldosterone (r = -0.71 and -0.83, respectively). Plasma renin activity increased after peritoneal dialysis; however, no close correlation was observed either between sodium concentration and plasma renin activity or plasma renin activity and serum aldosterone concentration within the dialysed group. The ratio of serum concentration of aldosterone to plasma renin activity showed no considerable change between 132 and 142 mmol/l but rose steeply below 132 mmol sodium/l suggesting that a factor(s) other than angiotensin may also contribute to the induction of hyperaldosteronism.U

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1980

Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the adaptation of aldosterone biosynthesis to sodium restriction in the rat.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the secretion of aldosterone during restriction of dietary sodium intake. Rats were kept on control or low-sodium diet for one week. On the 7th morning of diet osmotic minipumps filled with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) SQ 20,881, or empty pumps, were implanted subcutaneously (sc). The rats were sacrificed 23 h later. Peripheral blood was analyzed for hormones and electrolytes. Adrenal capsular tissue (z. glomerulosa) was incubated for the determination of the conversion of [3H]corticosterone to [3H]aldosterone. Sodium depletion had no effect on plasma sodium, but it increased potassium concentration. Infusion of CEI had no significant effect on plasma electrolytes. Plasma renin activity was increased both by sodium depletion and CEI. The mean serum aldosterone level was twelve times higher in sodium depleted animals than in controls. Aldosterone level was reduced by about 60 per cent in CEI-infused animals both on control and low-sodium diet. The conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone was significantly stimulated by sodium deprivation. This effect was also inhibited by the CEI SQ 20,881.

Adaptation, Physiological↗