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Biomedical subjects

E Taskinen

Publications and source records attributed to E Taskinen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Use of bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and determination of protein contents in pulmonary complications of bone marrow transplant recipients.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology and immunoglobulin components of lavage fluid were studied during non-bacterial/non-fungal interstitial pneumonitis, bacterial/fungal pneumonia, and Pneumocystis carinii infection. Lavages done before bone marrow transplantation and in asymptomatic phases were used as controls. The total cell recovery was increased during lung processes of any aetiology. Non-bacterial/non-fungal pneumonitis caused a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes; the number of neutrophils increased particularly during bacterial pneumonia. In Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia the typical cell picture was an increased percentage of lymphocytes together with blasts. During acute graft-versus-host disease without respiratory symptoms the cytology in lavage fluids did not differ from the controls. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) isolation was frequently positive in lavage fluids regardless of the presence or absence of pulmonary symptoms, but most of the symptom-free CMV-positive patients did not have any marked changes in BAL cytology. The albumin content of BAL fluid increased during infectious and immunological processes in lungs.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

Single lung allotransplantation in pigs. A morphologic study of tissue preservation with modified Euro-Collins and fluorocarbon solutions.

In the present study the functional and morphologic effects of two pulmoplegic solutions are evaluated. Single left-lung allotransplantation with ligation of the right pulmonary artery was performed in 15 piglets (13-20 kg). The lungs were preserved after donor prostaglandin E-1 treatment with single pulmonary artery flush with either modified Euro-Collins solution (mECS) (9 pigs) or oxygenated fluorocarbon emulsion (FC-43) (6 pigs) and transplanted after 6-hr storage in cold Physiosol solution. Tidal volumes of 15 ml/kg x fr (18) with 40% inspired oxygen were used for ventilation during reperfusion. Function of the transplanted lung was monitored for 4 hr postoperatively by determining pa CO2 and pa O2 levels from arterial samples and by noninvasive monitoring of end-tidal CO2 values and arterial oxygen saturations. Sequential morphologic changes in pulmonary artery flow surface and lung tissue were studied after 6-hr storage and 4-hr reperfusion, using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (LM, SEM, TEM). There was no mortality. After transplantation the mECS group experienced significant hypoxia and hypercarbia and had low end-tidal CO2 values as signs of defective oxygenation and gas exchange, whereas the FC-43 group was normoxic and normoventilated without disturbed elimination of carbon dioxide. After storage and reperfusion, LM showed signs of increased vascular permeability and reperfusion damage--more evident in the mECS group compared with the FC-43 group--while the lymphoid cell population was more intensely activated in the latter group. Electron microscopy after storage showed good overall preservation of structures in both groups. After reperfusion preservation of pulmonary artery flow surface and lung tissue was estimated to be moderate in the mECS group, whereas it was good-to-moderate in the FC-43 group by SEM (NS). TEM of lung tissue, however, showed significantly better-preserved alveolar epithelial lining in the FC-43 group compared with the mECS group. In conclusion, oxygenated fluorocarbon (FC-43) pulmoplegia gave better functional and morphologic preservation of lung grafts compared with modified Euro-Collins solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Monitoring of bone marrow transplant recipient liver by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) of the liver was studied with fine-needle aspiration biopsies of thirty-four bone marrow transplant recipients. White cell differentials of liver FNABs and simultaneously taken blood samples were performed, and the increment and corrected increment methods were used to quantitate the inflammatory reaction in the liver. Biopsies taken before transplantation were used as the baseline. During aGVHD, the percentage of lymphoid cells and monocytes increased in the liver. The appearance of immunological blasts, together with a high proportion of activated lymphocytes in the FNABs, were typical findings during aGVHD. In patients with apparent prolonged liver graft-versus-host disease small lymphocytes were the predominating cell type. After initiating corticosteroid treatment, the number of blasts and the proportion of activated lymphocytes decreased. There was no significant difference in the proportions of CD4- and CD8-positive lymphoid cells in FNABs during or after aGVHD.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Single-lung allotransplantation in pigs following donor pretreatment with intravenous prostaglandin E-1. Morphologic changes after preservation and reperfusion.

Single left lung allotransplantation with ligation of the right pulmonary artery was performed on 11 pigs after donor pretreatment with prostaglandin E-1 and pulmonary artery flush with modified Euro-Collins solution. Sequential morphologic changes in pulmonary artery flow surface and lung structure were studied after 6-hour storage and after 4-hour reperfusion, using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Morphologic observations were compared with functional changes. After 6-hour preservation slight degenerative changes were found in the pulmonary artery flow surface and changes in lung tissue suggestive of increased vascular permeability and edema. During 4-hour reperfusion the changes progressed. Preservation was in general moderate. Lung tissue showed vascular congestion and slight inflammation. Localized areas of reperfusion damage could adjoin near-normal looking alveoli. Oxygenation and gas exchange, though low in the beginning of reperfusion, tended to improve during the reperfusion period. The method was concluded to afford good morphologic preservation of the graft after 6-hour storage, and moderately good morphologic and functional preservation after 4-hour reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Major histocompatibility complex protein expression on pancreas and pancreatic islet endocrine cell subsets.

To determine which cells in the human and rat pancreas and islets express class I and II histocompatibility complex proteins, double indirect immunofluorescence and the Staphylococcus aureus rosette method were used. Islet preparations used permitted positive endocrine and class I or II protein identification. Class I and II proteins were expressed in pancreatic vascular endothelium and passenger cells of the mononuclear cell type. Antibodies directed to class I or beta 2 microglobulin reacted with dispersed islet B, A, and D cells, whereas class II protein antibodies were associated with only islet B and A cells. Islet B-cell class II proteins decreased after 20 days of in vitro culture. These results suggest that 1) a variety of pancreas and islet nonendocrine cells can express class I and II proteins, 2) normal pancreatic islet endocrine cells not only express class I proteins but also class II proteins, and 3) in vitro islet culture results in reduced expression of class II proteins by islet B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of serum selenium and antioxidants to plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability and prevalent ischaemic heart disease in Eastern Finnish men.

In a cross-sectional population study of 1132 unselected Eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, serum selenium concentration had a weak positive association with plasma HDL cholesterol (standardised partial regression coefficient, beta = 0.061, P = 0.019) and a fairly strong inverse relationship (beta = -0.223, P less than 0.001) with the extent of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Neither plasma ascorbate concentration nor alpha-tocopherol to total cholesterol ratio had any association with plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability or prevalent ischaemic heart disease (IHD). When a covariance-correction was applied, men with ischaemic ECG findings at exercise had a lower mean serum selenium than others (81.5 micrograms/l vs. 85.9 micrograms/l, P less than 0.01 for difference). This difference was equally large for men with neither symptoms nor previous diagnosis of IHD.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1988

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the monitoring of liver allografts. I. Correlation between aspiration biopsy and core biopsy in experimental pig liver allografts.

We have used allogeneic pig liver transplants to investigate the structure of inflammation in acute liver allograft rejection. An inflammatory episode of acute cellular rejection was observed in 9/10 allografts in nonimmunosuppressed recipients, when monitored with simultaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) and core needle biopsies (NB). The intensity of inflammation in FNAB was quantitated using the corrected increment method and correlated with NB findings. In FNAB, all inflammatory episodes were detected on the 4th day after transplantation with lymphoid blast and lymphocyte infiltration, later accompanied by monocytes and macrophages. Maximal intensity of inflammation was recorded in FNAB on day 14. In NB, histology demonstrated distinct inflammation in the portal area on day 4. The predominantly lymphocytic infiltration, also containing varying numbers of plasma cells, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages, reached its maximum 7-14 days after transplantation. With the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, lymphoid cell subpopulation analysis of FNAB demonstrated an increase of both T4 and T8 cells during rejection. The T4/T8 ratio was first low, and increased at the beginning of the episode, on day 4, but decreased again on days 7 and 14. The number of B cells in the graft was also elevated during rejection. The cellular changes in the corresponding blood specimens followed approximately the same lines, although the changes were less prominent. NB immunohistology, using immunoperoxidase and frozen sections, correlated well with FNAB results, and demonstrated a T4 predominance in the portal area on day 4 but a T8 predominance on days 7 and 14. In addition to lymphoid cells, macrophages/granulocytes were also frequent in the portal area and scattered in the parenchyma on days 7 and 14. An additional inflammatory cell component in liver allograft rejection, detectable only in the NB, was eosinophils in the portal area, recorded in maximum on day 14. Taken together, the inflammatory changes in the FNAB and NB were similar, and time-related changes of cellular infiltrate in FNAB and NB correlated closely.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Inhaled budesonide influences cellular and biochemical abnormalities in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

In a randomized, double-blind study 19 patients with newly-detected pulmonary sarcoidosis were treated with either inhaled budesonide, 800 micrograms twice daily (n = 9), or placebo (n = 10) for 8-10 weeks. Before and after treatment, chest roentgenograms, lung function tests, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biochemical tests were performed. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and beta2-microglobulin (beta 2M) concentrations were measured in serum. The same tests, as well as albumin and hyaluronan were measured in the BAL-fluid. The total cell number in BAL-fluid, differential counts and lymphocyte subpopulations were determined (total T- and B-lymphocytes, T-helper/inducer (OKT-4) and T-suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT-8) lymphocytes). No significant changes in chest roentgenograms or lung function tests were observed during the short study time. However, a decrease in serum ACE (p less than 0.1) and beta 2 M (p less than 0.05) as well as in BAL-hyaluronan (p less than 0.01) was found in the budesonide-treated patients as well as a decrease in the percentage of BAL T-lymphocytes (p less than 0.05) and the T4/T8 ratio (p less than 0.1). No significant changes were seen in the placebo group. The findings suggest that treatment with inhaled budesonide influences biochemical and cellular findings in patients with early sarcoidosis in the same way as treatment with systemic corticosteroids. The results may also explain clinical effects seen in sarcoidosis patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids. However, further studies are required to determine the long-term clinical benefits of inhaled steroids in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Inflammatory cell subpopulations in chronic otitis media. The Langerhans' cells.

Langerhans' cells (LCs) were studied in chronic otitis media by the immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies. The LCs were a regular finding in ear canal skin, Shrapnell's membrane, thin and thick cholesteatoma epithelium, and open cavity skin; OKT6-positive cells were also found in smaller numbers in subepithelial connective tissue and lymphoid follicles, and in cuboidal secretory epithelium. The HLA-DR antibodies are less suitable for identification of LCs because many lymphoid cells express this antigen. Langerhans' cells form an important part of the immune defense system of the skin, which lacks the humoral secretory IgA defense mechanism of the mucous membranes. There is no proof that LCs are connected with the keratinization process and the possible reformation of cholesteatoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗