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Biomedical subjects

E Thorud

Publications and source records attributed to E Thorud.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Symptomatic treatment versus combination chemotherapy for patients with extensive non-small cell lung cancer.

In a randomized clinical trial, 87 patients with inoperable, extensive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomized to receive either combination chemotherapy (cisplatin at 70 mg/m2 intravenously [i.v.] on day 1 and etoposide at 100 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 200 mg/m2 orally on days 2 and 3) or symptomatic treatment. No statistically significant differences in survival time were found between the two treatment techniques. A major problem in the interpretation of the results was the use of semicurative radiation therapy (3000 to 4200 cGy) to the primary tumor and mediastinum, which was given with symptomatic intent. Three long-term survivors were seen in the latter group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Phase I/II study of carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced head and neck carcinoma.

59 patients with histological verified squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, 39 with primary disease and 20 with relapse were given carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in escalated carboplatin doses. The starting dose with carboplatin was 200 mg/m2 and the dose was escalated to 300 mg/m2, 350 mg/m2, 400 mg/m2 and thereafter by 20 mg/m2 per step. All patients received a dose of 1000 mg/m2 5-FU as a continuous infusion for 5 days. The myelotoxicity was moderate. No patients had grade 4 haemoglobin toxicity, while 7 patients had grade 3 toxicity. 2 patients had grade 4 leucocyte toxicity and 1 patient had grade 3. 4 patients were observed with a grade 4 platelet toxicity. 2 early deaths occurred at a dose level of 420 mg/m2. 18 out of 39 patients in primary treatment responded while 2 out of 20 patients treated for relapse responded. On the basis of the present study the maximum tolerable dose for carboplatin in combination with 5-FU 1000 mg/m2 is between 350 and 400 mg/m2.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Primary irradiation, surgery or combined therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. A comparison of treatment results from two centers.

We compared two groups of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Group 1 consisted of 483 patients treated from 1958 through 1978. Primary surgery was selected in 41% pre- or postoperative radiation therapy in 16% and primary radiation therapy in 43%. Group 2 consisted of 247 patients treated from 1978 through 1983. Primary surgery was selected in only 1.6%, pre- or postoperative radiation therapy in 23%, and primary radiation therapy, with surgery in reserve for residual or recurrent carcinoma, in 76%. Although the results were comparable for patients with early stage tumors in the two groups, significantly higher local-regional tumor control rates and corrected survival rates were recorded for patients with advanced tumors in group 2. More patients survived with a cancer-free functional larynx, the surgical salvage rates were higher, the complication rates and the death rates lower in group 2 compared to group 1.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Flow cytofluorometric analysis of a human aneuploid cell line growing in vitro and in intraperitoneal diffusion-chambers.

An aneuploid established cell line originating from human skin (NCTC 3075) was cultivated in vitro culture and in intraperitoneal diffusion chambers in hamsters. In in vitro cell culture a near tetraploid cell line dominated. Shortly after implantation into the diffusion chambers in the peritoneal cavity of hamsters a selective lysis of cells with near tetraploid DNA content occurred, with a relative increase of a diploid subline. After 5 days in the hamster a tetraploid cell line again dominated as in in vitro culture. The use of flow cytofluorometry for ploidy analysis and changes in cell cycle traverse is demonstrated. The possible use of this model system in studies of response to therapy is discussed.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1979

Internal cysts and fistulae of branchial origin.

Cysts and fistulae related to the second and third pharyngeal pouches are described. These anomalies probably occur more often than presumed. Unilateral recurring infections of the tonsillar region, including parapharyngeal abscess, may be caused by anomalies related to the second pouch. Third pouch anomalies are located in the piriform recess. Cysts may reach a size that causes obstruction to the larynx and hypopharynx, while diverticulae cause few symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Circadian rhythms in mouse epidermal basal cell proliferation. Variations in compartment size, flux and phase duration.

Several kinetic parameters of basal cell proliferation in hairless mouse epidermis were studied, and all parameters clearly showed circadian fluctuations during two successive 24 hr periods. Mitotic indices and the mitotic rate were studied in histological sections; the proportions of cells with S and G2 phase DNA content were measured by flow cytometry of isolated basal cells, and the [3H]TdR labelling indices and grain densities were determined by autoradiography in smears from basal cell suspensions. The influx and efflux of cells from each cell cycle phase were calculated from sinusoidal curves adapted to the cell kinetic findings and the phase durations were determined. A peak of cells in S phase was observed around midnight, and a cohort of partially synchronized cells passed from the S phase to the G2 phase and traversed the G2 phase and mitosis in the early morning. The fluctuations in the influx of cells into the S phase were small compared with the variations in efflux from the S phase and the flux through the subsequent cell cycle phases. The resulting delay in cell cycle traverse through S phase before midnight could well account for the accumulation of cells in S phase and, therefore, also the subsequent partial synchrony of cell cycle traverse through the G2 phase and mitosis. Circadian variations in the duration of the S phase, the G2 phase and mitosis were clearly demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Noise-induced hearing loss and the comprehension of speech in noise.

Subjects suffering from noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) with or without hearing loss at 2 kHz were examined by speech audiometry with a three-digit test, bisyllabic and monosyllabic PB word lists in silence, and in USASI noise with a masking effect of 44 dB and 68 dB at 1 kHz. Subjects with up to 20 dB hearing loss at 2 kHz had almost the same speech comprehension in noise as normal hearing subjects. Subjects with hearing loss greater than 20 dB at 2 kHz had increasing discrimination loss at increasing noise levels. They also needed a signal-to-noise ratio better than normal-hearing persons would yield at the noise levels used. The evaluation of hearing disablement in occupational noise-included hearing loss should therefore be based for one-half on the results of speech audiometry in silence, and for the other half, in noise.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Epidermla cell kinetics in hairless mice after bleomycin. I. Perturbations after different single doses.

Three different doses of bleomycin (BLM) (2,1, and 0.01 mg/animal) were injected ip into groups of hairless mice. Cell kinetic alterations in the basal layer of the epidermis were studied up to 10 days after BLM administration. The two highest doses of BLM affected the epidermal cell kinetics in a similar way but with different time courses. Only a moderate depression of the labeling index was observed during the first 24 hours. The results indicate that cells affected by BLM in the middle of the G1 phase are arrested in their subsequent S phase, and that thereafter an increase in the rate of DNA synthesis may occur in the arrested cells without increasing the number of cells in S phase. The percentage of cell accumulated in S and G2 phases as determined by flow cytofluorometry never exceeded 130% of control values with any of the doses. Phase durations were determined from percentage of labeled mitoses curves after the highest dose of BLM and were not significantly different from normal values, indicating that the accumulated cels are probably out of cycle and unable to proliferate again. Calculations based on cell counts and mitotic rate showed that the cells had a prolonged lifespan. No block and subsequent release of cells specifically caused by BLM were observed. BLM has a complex effect on the epidermis, and therefore does not seem to be a promising agent for cell synchronization as a basis for combination chemotherapy in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Separation of mouse epidermal basal and differentiating cells for microflow fluorometric measurements: a methodologic study.

The DNA content of lymphocytes and of basal cells from normal hairless mouse epidermis was measured by microflow fluorometry (MFF). To obtain a relatively pure suspension of epidermal basal cells a combined mechanical and enzymatic method was used. The admixture of differentiating cells into the basal cell fraction after cell separation was 13%. The results were compared with those obtained with conventional Feulgen microspectrophotometry applied to basal cells and dermal lymphocytes in histologic sections. The results from both cytophotometric methods were in good agreement and clearly demonstrated the improved resolution obtained by using microflow fluorometry. When the lymphocytes were not treated with pepsin before being stained with ethidium bromide for MFF, the modal DNA value was consistently below that of the basal cells from the same specimen. Pepsin treatment of lymphocytes, however, increased their fluorescence intensity to the value of epidermal basal cells. The modal DNA value of Feulgen-stained dermal lymphocytes in histologic sections was consistently below that of epidermal basal cells from the same section. The advantage of pepsin treatment for obtaining higher resolution of DNA measurements of basal and differentiating epidermal cells and of lymphocytes was evaluated. The cell cycle distribution of basal cells from epidermis in different states of proliferative activity was determined. Changes in the proportion of cells in S phase were parallel to changes in the 3H-Tdr labeling index.

Animals↗