Biomedical subjects

E Tiihonen

Publications and source records attributed to E Tiihonen.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Hepatocyte growth factor releases mink epithelial cells from transforming growth factor beta1-induced growth arrest by restoring Cdk6 expression and cyclin E-associated Cdk2 activity.

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) potently suppresses Mv1Lu mink epithelial cell growth, whereas hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) counteracts TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition and induces Mv1Lu cell proliferation (J. Taipale and J. Keski-Oja, J. Biol. Chem. 271:4342-4348, 1996). By addressing the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms involved in HGF-mediated release of Mv1Lu cells from TGF-beta inhibition, we show that increased DNA replication is accompanied by phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and alternative regulation of cyclin-Cdk-inhibitor complexes. While TGF-beta treatment decreased the expression of Cdk6, this effect was counteracted by HGF, followed by partial restoration of cyclin D2-associated kinase activity. Notably, HGF failed to prevent TGF-beta induction of p15 and its association with Cdk6. However, HGF reversed the TGF-beta-mediated decrease in Cdk6-associated p27 and cyclin D2-associated Cdk6, suggesting that HGF modifies the TGF-beta response at the level of G1 cyclin complex formation. Counteraction of TGF-beta regulation of Cdk6 by HGF may in turn affect the association of p27 with Cdk2-cyclin E complexes. Though HGF did not differentially regulate the total levels of p27 in TGF-beta-treated cells, p27 immunodepletion experiments suggested that upon treatment with both growth factors, less p27 is associated with Cdk2-cyclin E complexes, in parallel with restoration of the active form of Cdk2 and the associated kinase activity. The results demonstrate that HGF intercepts TGF-beta cell cycle regulation at multiple points, affecting both G1 and G1-S cyclin kinase activities.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Cloning and characterization of p10, an alternatively spliced form of p15 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.

We have cloned an alternatively spliced form of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p15 from human placenta. The alternative splice arises from an alternative 5' donor site in intron 1. An in-frame stop codon within the new exon, called exon 1beta, leads to translation of a Mr 10,000 protein identical to the NH2 terminus of p15 but contains a novel, basic COOH terminus. The alternatively spliced form, termed here as p10, is ubiquitously expressed in normal and tumor cell lines as shown by Northern hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR. Transforming growth factor beta1 induces the expression of p10 similarly to p15 in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Expression and analysis of p15 and epitope-tagged p10 in cells by immunohistochemistry showed similar localization of both to the cytoplasm and nucleus in mink epithelial cells and cytoplasmic localization in mouse fibroblasts. Analysis of the effects of p10 and p15 on cell growth indicated that both were transiently growth inhibitory in Mv1Lu and NIH 3T3 cells, but their stable expression did not significantly reduce the number of cell colonies. In contrast to p15, CDK4 and CDK6 did not coimmunoprecipitate p10 in transient expression assays in COS-7 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of p10 together with p15 in COS-7 cells did not interfere with the complex formation of p15 with CDK4 or CDK6. Thus, in the absence of detectable CDK binding, p10 is transiently able to restrain cell cycling, indicating that the alternative splicing of the CDK inhibitors presents further complexity in their regulation and functions.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1996

p21ras-mediated decrease of the retinoblastoma protein in fibroblasts occurs through growth factor-dependent mechanisms.

Stable coexpression of the human retinoblastoma protein (pRB) cDNA and EJ c-Ha-ras oncogene in murine fibroblasts leads to loss of pRB expression with concomitant transformation of the cells (1). We show here that conditional expression of p21ras in mouse fibroblasts expressing human pRB leads to a rapid decrease of pRB expression at both protein and mRNA levels. The decrease of pRB mRNA is blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting the requirement of ongoing protein synthesis. p21ras expression leads also to decreases of c-myc and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-2 mRNAs, whereas cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, E2F-1, and ornithine decarboxylase are unaffected. The decrease in pRB is accompanied by progressive morphological transformation of the cells. The effect of p21ras on pRB expression was serum and growth factor dependent. A shift of the cells to low serum (0.2% FCS) abolished the effects of p21ras on pRB, but this effect was reconstituted by the addition of growth factors epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, transforming growth factor beta 1, and platelet-derived growth factor to the cells. The results suggest a complex interaction between p21ras, pRB, and growth factors in the control of cell growth. p21ras appears to drive the cell cycle by deregulation of key cell cycle regulators, the functions of which in low serum become redundant or require the presence of growth factors positively driving the cell cycle.

3T3 Cells↗