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Biomedical subjects

E Tur

Publications and source records attributed to E Tur.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Histamine effect on human cutaneous blood flow: regional variations.

Different reactivities of small blood vessels to the histamine released by exogenous and endogenous substances may play a role in the regional variations of the elicited cutaneous response. To study the regional dependence of cutaneous blood flow in response to histamine, the compound was administered intradermally (prick introduction), thereby bypassing the spatially dependent penetration process. The induced response was quantified with cutaneous blood flow measurements utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry. Extent of response and time parameters were compared. Three anatomical sites, the back, volar side of the forearm, and ankle, were studied on 20 volunteers (10 men and 10 women, age 24-34). For comparison, topical administration was also performed. Significant differences in the measured responses at the three sites were observed: the increase of the cutaneous blood flow on the back was greater than the forearm (p < 0.01 prick test, p < 0.05 topical application), and that of both sites was greater than the ankle (p < 0.01 prick test, p < 0.05 topical application). There were no significant differences among the different sites in time parameters and no gender variations. As expected, the time required to reach maximum response was shorter for the intradermal method as compared to the topical application on the back (p < 0.001) and forearm (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the time required to decrease to 50% of maximum response was not different for the intradermal and topical methods of histamine application. These blood vessel response observations may provide initial insight into inherent functional differences influencing cutaneous manifestations of endogenous and exogenous diseases.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Sweat electrolytes in patients with advanced renal failure.

The sweat gland has some similarity with the convoluted tubules of the kidney. Little is known about sweat secretion and electrolyte content of sweat in the uremic gland. A pilocarpine ionotophoresis sweat test was performed in 40 patients with advanced renal failure (RF). Sweat secretion was measured and analyzed for Na, K, and Cl and correlated to blood parameters, type, and duration of dialysis. The sweat weight was significantly lower in all RF patients when compared with this parameter in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). No difference was noted between patients undergoing hemodialysis, those undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and those not undergoing dialysis. Men sweated more than women among RF patients and among controls (p < 0.0001). An inverse correlation was found between sweat weight and blood calcium levels (p < 0.001). Sweat K concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in patients with RF than in healthy controls, while the concentrations of Na and Cl were similar. Several mechanisms are suggested as possible explanations for these changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Skin surface pH in intertriginous areas in NIDDM patients. Possible correlation to candidal intertrigo.

OBJECTIVE: To compare skin surface pH and moisture in intertriginous areas in diabetic patients and healthy control subjects and to study the relationship between these parameters and candidal infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured the skin surface pH and moisture in the axillary, inframammary, inguinal, and forearm skin with a pH meter with a flat-glass electrode and skin corneometer. The subjects were 50 NIDDM patients from the diabetic outpatient clinic at Beilinson Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel, and 40 healthy control subjects from hospital personnel. The main outcome measures were skin surface pH, skin moisture, and skin culture for Candida. RESULTS: Skin pH in the inguinal and axillary regions was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with healthy control subjects (P < 0.0001), whereas no difference was noted in the forearm. In the inframammary region, diabetic women had significantly higher pH than nondiabetic women (P < 0.01). No difference was noted in men in this region. Six patients (12%) had candidal infection in intertriginous areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that in intertriginous regions, skin surface pH of diabetic patients is significantly higher than in normal control subjects and implies the significance of skin pH as a possible factor promoting host susceptibility to skin candidal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Low dose recombinant interferon alfa treatment for classic Kaposi's sarcoma.

BACKGROUND: High doses of interferon alfa are used to treat Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with immunodeficiency, whereas low doses are generally ineffective. Following low-dose recombinant interferon alfa treatment for lymphoma, two patients showed a regression of their hematologic malignancy-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. This observation prompted us also to try low-dose interferon alfa treatment in uncomplicated classic Kaposi's sarcoma, and two additional patients were thus treated on an outpatient basis. OBSERVATIONS: Initial response was noted after 3 to 13 weeks of treatment. Remission was achieved after 4 to 6 months of low-dose interferon alfa treatment and its duration was 8 to 14 months. Recurrences were treated again and additional remissions were obtained after only 5 to 8 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSION: Low-dose interferon alfa treatment may represent an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of patients with both lymphoma-associated and uncomplicated classic Kaposi's sarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Skin surface pH, moisture, and pruritus in haemodialysis patients.

Pruritus is one of the most common complaints of haemodialysed patients. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Dryness of the skin and the effects of pH changes on the nerve endings in the skin have been suggested as related factors. In the present study we measured skin pH using a skin pH meter and skin moisture using a corneometer at four different sites in 41 haemodialysis patients, before and after dialysis, and in 40 healthy controls. Thirty patients (73%) complained of pruritus, six severe constant, 12 moderate and 12 mild. Skin surface pH was higher in patients than in controls in the upper back (5.54 +/- 0.14 versus 5.22 +/- 0.08, P < 0.02), forearm (5.5 +/- 0.1 versus 5.13 +/- 0.1, P < 0.01) and forehead (5.35 +/- 0.08 versus 5.04 +/- 0.07, P < 0.004), whereas there was no difference in the axilla. Haemodialysis had no effect on skin pH, and there was no correlation with blood pH, blood bicarbonate and serum electrolytes. There was no correlation between skin surface pH and pruritus. Skin moisture was lower in haemodialysis patients than in controls in the forehead and axilla. There was no correlation with pruritus. Skin surface pH is higher in haemodialysed patients than in healthy controls in most areas of the body, despite the fact that these patients have a decreased blood pH. Thus, the skin pH is not related to systemic acid-base balance. It is possible that the uraemic state affects the ability of the dermal cells to secrete acid, making the skin more susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cutaneous blood flow in gestational hypertension and normal pregnancy.

A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to assess skin blood flow changes in three groups of young subjects: women with gestational hypertension, healthy pregnant women, and healthy non-pregnant women. Responses to four vasoactive stimuli were studied: isometric and cognitive activities, cutaneous post ischemic reactive hyperemia, and local heating. The first two stimuli are vasoconstrictive and were performed on the fingertip, whereas the latter two are vasodilative and were performed on the forearm. The most prominent differences were observed in the isometric test, where the expected decrease, which was indeed registered in non-pregnant women, was almost absent in the healthy pregnant group. The gestational hypertension group had a greater decrease in blood flow than normal pregnancy, but lesser than non-pregnant control subjects. We conclude that although normal pregnancy modifies the response of the skin microvasculature to some vasoactive stimuli, gestational hypertension pushes that response back toward the non-pregnancy state.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cutaneous blood flow measurements for the detection of malignancy in pigmented skin lesions.

This work assesses cutaneous blood flow measurements as an adjunct in the differentiation between malignant and benign pigmented skin lesions. Blood flow in pigmented lesions and in their vicinity was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), which measures the superficial skin blood flow. The lesions were then excised and histologically examined. While LDF readings for most of the benign lesions did not differ from those of control measurements, basal cell carcinomas showed a significant elevation and so did the melanomas (p less than 0.0001). Moreover, comparing the two groups of malignant lesions, namely the melanomas and basal cell carcinomas, the melanomas showed a significantly higher elevation (p less than 0.02). These results suggest that LDF may serve as an additional tool in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions: the probability of malignancy is low when LDF readings show no difference from adjacent normal skin; on the contrary, elevated readings suggest an increased likelihood of malignancy.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1992

Chronic and acute effects of cigarette smoking on skin blood flow.

A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to assess blood flow changes in habitual smokers, as compared with nonsmokers, where members of both groups were young and healthy. Acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking were measured by using the cutaneous postischemic reactive hyperemia test. Basic flow was recorded in four sites: forehead, postauricular, forearm, and finger. Recovery time from reactive hyperemia was longer in habitual smokers than in nonsmokers. Peak flow during reactive hyperemia was significantly lower after smoking. Basic blood flow during smoking did not show significant variation in the sites tested. The authors conclude that skin microvasculature is influenced by acute and chronic effects of cigarette smoking in young subjects; they discuss some of the possible mechanisms and their implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Percutaneous penetration of methyl nicotinate at three anatomic sites: evidence for an appendageal contribution to transport?

Percutaneous absorption of the vasodilator methyl nicotinate (MN) was evaluated in human volunteers at three anatomic sites (forehead, forearm and palm) using the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the kinetics and extent of skin penetration are dependent upon the appendageal density at the site of application. The LDF technique measured the increase in skin blood flow elicited by topically applied MN once the chemical had penetrated to the microvasculature. Significant differences in the measured LDF responses at the three sites were found, and further analysis of the data suggested that MN penetration was greatest through forehead skin, least through the palm and intermediate across the skin of the forearm. A correlation therefore existed between apparent MN absorption and appendageal density.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

Cutaneous manifestations and impaired chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes associated with Kartagener's syndrome.

Persistent deep-seated folliculitis and impaired chemotaxis are described in a 24-year-old woman with situs inversus, bronchitis and sinusitis, i.e. the three characteristics of Kartagener's syndrome. While patients with chemotactic defects not associated with the syndrome often suffer from skin infections, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a Kartagener patient with cutaneous manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Skin reactive hyperemia in diabetic patients. A study by laser Doppler flowmetry.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether laser Doppler flowmetry could detect differences in the cutaneous response to postischemic reactive hyperemia between patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nondiabetic controls and among subgroups of NIDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured the cutaneous blood flow on the forearms during the postischemic reactive hyperemia test in diabetic patients and nondiabetic controls. Subjects were 25 patients with NIDDM from the outpatient clinics of dermatology, ophthalmology, and endocrinology and 25 nondiabetic volunteers matched for sex and age. Of the patients with NIDDM, 14 had proliferative retinopathy, and 13 were obese. Cutaneous postischemic reactive hyperemia test monitored by measuring the cutaneous blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry was used. Peak blood flow (P) after arterial occlusion, the time required to reach this peak (Tp) and the ratio (K) between these two quantities (K = P/Tp) were measured. RESULTS: In diabetic patients, P was significantly lower (P less than 0.02) than in nondiabetic control subjects. In diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy, K was lower (P less than 0.05) than in diabetic patients without retinopathy. Diabetic patients with a body mass index (BMI; wt/ht2) less than 25 kg/m2 had a longer Tp (P less than 0.002), whereas the control group BMI did not affect this parameter. The combination of retinopathy and BMI less than 25 gave the longest Tp values (P less than 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Postischemic hyperemia tests in diabetic patients reveal cutaneous microcirculatory changes in the forearm (lower P). Advanced retinopathy is associated with functional disturbances (lower K), especially when combined with a low BMI (less than 25; longer Tp).

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1990

Idiopathic recalcitrant facial flushing syndrome.

This report neologizes a new syndrome name, idiopathic recalcitrant facial flushing syndrome, to describe all cases of persistent facial flushing with unknown etiology. Three cases of recalcitrant flushing are described. Therapy with a variety of modalities, monitored objectively with laser Doppler velocimetry, proved unsuccessful. Some investigational and management aspects of difficult cases of idiopathic flushing are reviewed.

Facial Dermatoses↗
PubMed1989

Cutaneous responses to topical methyl nicotinate in black, oriental, and caucasian subjects.

The response of human skin to topical methyl nicotinate (MN) has been monitored in black, oriental, and caucasian subjects. The study aimed to address the question: "Do racial differences in percutaneous absorption and microcirculatory sensitivity exist?" MN-induced vasodilatation was assessed visually and by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). At three dose levels, in the three subject populations, four parameters were compared: (a) the diameter of the maximum visually perceptible erythematous area (Emx); (b) the area under the erythematous diameter versus time curve (AUE); (c) the maximum LDV response (Lmax); and (d) the area under the LDV response versus time curve (AUL). At p less than 0.05, AUL (black) greater than AUL (caucasian) for all MN concentrations; AUL (oriental) greater than AUL (caucasian) for the higher dose levels. Emx, AUE and Lmx showed no significant differences between races within concentrations. For all subjects, Emx, AUE, and AUL were significantly dependent on MN dose whereas Lmx was not. The results suggest that some racial differences in response to topical MN exist and that perception of these distinctions may depend upon the method of measurement.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1987

Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome. A case report and a review.

Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome in two sisters of Jewish Iraqi origin is reported. This heritable disorder of the metabolism of neutral lipids was manifested by congenital ichthyosis, vacuoles in the leukocytes, and variable involvement of liver, muscle, central nervous system, and the auditory system. In two asymptomatic members of the family leukocyte vacuoles were found as the only sign of the syndrome. Clinical, pathologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical findings are described. Previous reported cases are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Blood flow in psoriatic skin lesions: the effect of treatment.

Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) was used to assess the effect of treatment upon cutaneous blood flow in psoriatic skin lesions. The resolution of two separate plaques in each of seven subjects was followed. Six of the subjects received the Goeckerman regimen, the seventh was treated with psoralen-ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy. Control LDV readings were taken from uninvolved skin sites during the treatment period. Cutaneous blood flow in the psoriatic lesions of the Goeckerman-treated patients decreased to levels comparable to those in uninvolved skin early in the course of treatment and significantly preceeded the observed clinical resolution from 4 to 8 days after initiation of therapy (P less than 0.05). Visible flare-ups sometimes appeared when patients were untreated (over a weekend, for example) and these eruptions were accompanied by a transient elevation of LDV readings. Perfusion of the lesions of the PUVA-treated patient remained consistently higher than perfusion of uninvolved skin despite clinical healing. In a separate series of experiments, blood flow at the extensor surface of the forearm was measured in the skin of normal subjects, the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients and the untreated lesional skin of psoriatic patients. While the lesional skin had significantly higher perfusion levels than uninvolved psoriatic or normal control skin (P less than 0.01), there was no significant difference between blood flow to the uninvolved psoriatic skin of psoriatics and that to the skin of healthy controls.

Adult↗