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Biomedical subjects

E V Elliott

Publications and source records attributed to E V Elliott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor and circulating basophil levels following exercise in asthmatic and control subjects.

Significant increase in the maximum post-exercise values of plasma histamine (PH), whole blood histamine (WBH) and neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) occurred in arterial blood within the first hour after exercise in asthmatic patients. However, similar changes in PH and WBH also occurred in the control group. Significant increases in circulating basophil counts following exercise were found in both groups, which closely mirrored the changes in PH and NCF, and there was a highly significant correlation between rises in WBH and basophil counts (P less than 0.001). When plasma histamine as assayed in venous blood using a more sensitive and specific double isotope radio enzymatic assay no significant alteration in plasma histamine levels was detected in either the asthmatic or the control group. We conclude that there is no evidence from these studies to support the suggestion that mast cell mediator release is involved in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced asthma, and that any observed changes in levels of PH and NCF after exercise may be related to changes in levels of circulating basophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Leukotrienes C and D induce bronchoconstriction in man.

Pulmonary responses to aerosols of synthetic leukotrienes C and D were examined in two normal volunteers. The leukotrienes were equipotent and equieffective in producing moderate bronchoconstriction accompanied by coughing. Changes in FEV1 were slight, but changes in expiratory flow at low lung volumes were more notable. FPL 55712 abolished the cough response and partially inhibited the bronchoconstriction.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The persistent PHA-responsive population in the mouse thymus. II. Recirculatory characteristics and immunological properties.

Experiments were performed to ascertain whether the persistent PHA-responsive cell population found in mouse thymus grafts was capable both of localizing to peripheral lymphoid organs when deliberately injected into suitable recipient mice, and of responding to antigenic stimulation. It was shown that the persistent population could not be found in large numbers in recipient spleens or lymph nodes at late time after transfer. These cells could, however, be found in large numbers in the peripheral blood of recipients. Thus they appeared to be able to circulate in the blood but not be able to extravascularize in lymphoid organs. Since these cells did not localize to spleen or lymph nodes, it was not surprising to find that they did not respond to the skin sensitizing agent oxazolone in draining lymph nodes or spleen, or to histocompatibility antigens (graft-vs-host). When tested against allogeneic cells in vitro (mixed lymphocyte reaction), it was shown that the persistent population was over nine times less reactive than in its reactivity to PHA, when compared to the non-persistent population. The functional significance of these thymocyte populations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The persistent PHA-responsive population in the mouse thymus. I. Characterization of the population.

Using an in vitro culture technique, mouse thymus graft cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The persistent PHA-responsive thymus graft population (Elliott, 1973) was shown to be able to respond to other T-cell mitogens (Con A, pokeweed mitogen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B), but not to E. coli lipopolysaccharide a known B-cell mitogen. The percentage of persistent PHA-responsive cells did not alter during 5 days in culture and was relatively unaffected by either hydrocortisone or anti-lymphocyte serum treatment in vivo. In allogeneic thymus grafts (AKR leads to CBA), persistent PHA-responsive cells could be demonstrated, which were destroyed when incubated with CBA anti thetaAKR serum and complement. When thymus graft cells were allowed to sediment on a 0.2--2 per cent BSA gradient, it was seen that the PHA-responsive population sedimented faster than the bulk of thymus graft cells. Some separation could be obtained on this gradient between the persistent and non-persistent PHA-responsive cell populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Absence of IgG lymphocytotoxins in untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients.

Six of twenty-three sera (26%) from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) contained IgG antibody with an affinity for human lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines. All sera were negative for complement-dependent and antibody-mediated cell cytotoxicity against human lymphoid cells irrespective of their binding capacity. It is suggested that the antilymphocyte antibodies seen in HD are not of pathogenic significance but are a non-specific consequence of B-cell stimulation.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1978

Mediation of cytotoxic functions by classes and subclasses of sheep antibody reactive with cell surface immunoglobulin idiotypic and constant region determinants.

Sheep antibodies, reactive with either the idiotypic or constant region antigenic determinants of the immunoglobulin light chain on guinea-pig L2C leukaemic cells, were separated into IgM and into the two subclasses of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2. Antibody of both IgG subclasses inhibited the migration of L2C cells along plastic surfaces; IgM was only weakly inhibitory. Antibody of class IgM and of subclass IgG1 mediated complement cytotoxicity against the L2C cells whereas only that of subclass IgG2 mediated K-cell cytotoxicity; the effector arms were rabbit complement and sheep peripheral leucocytes, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Synergistic cytotoxic effects of antibodies directed against different cell surface determinants.

Three antibody populations were raised in rabbits against surface antigens on guinea-pig L2C leukaemic lymphocytes: against idiotypic determinants on the lambda chain of the surface immunoglobulin, against C region determinants on the lambda chain, and against the surface antigens recognized by conventional anti-lymphocyte sera. Complement and K-cell cytotoxicities effected by the antibodies on L2C cells were studied in vitro. In both cytotoxic systems mixtures of the antibodies revealed synergy, in that the titres of the mixtures exceeded predicted additive titres of their components. The synergy was greater when the mixed antibodies were directed to determinants on the same molecule rather than to determinants on different molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Differences in binding affinity of human IgE for receptors in chopped human lung.

Experiments were performed to ascertain whether IgE in different allergic sera had the same or different sensitizing properties for chopped human lung. When allergic sera were allowed to compete with myeloma IgE for tissue receptors in chopped lung and subsequently challenged with antigen, two groups of sera could be distinguished, one which competed well with myeloma IgE and one which competed poorly. Sera that competed well with myeloma IgE were also able to sensitize for greater histamine release relative to IgE concentration when sensitized lung tissue was challenged with anti-IgE. The converse was true of those sera that competed poorly with myeloma IgE in the antigen assay, in that they sensitized for histamine release only at relatively high IgE concentrations in the anti-IgE assay. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

Antibody Affinity↗
PubMed1977

Ther persistent PHA-responsive population in the mouse thymus. II. Recirculatory characteristics and immunological properties.

Experiments were performed to ascertain whether the persistent PHA-responsive cell population found in mouse thymus grafts was capable both of localizing to peripheral lymphoid organs when deliverately injected into suitable recipient mice, and of resonding to antigenic stimulation. It was shown that the persistent population could not be found in large numbers in recipient spleens or lymph nodes at late time after transfer. These cells could, however, be found in large numbers in the peripheral blood of recipients. Thus they appeared to be able to circulate in the blood but not able to extravascularize in lymphoid organs. Since these cells did not localize to spleen or lymph nodes, it was not surprising to find that they did not response to the skin sensitizing agent oxazolone in draining lymph nodes or spleen, or to histocompatibility antigens (graft-vs-host). When tested against allogeneic cells in vitro (mixed lymphocyte reaction), it was shown that the persistent population was over nine times less reactive than in its reactivity to PHA, when compared to the non-persistent population. The functional significance of these thymocyte populations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ther persistent PHA-responsive population in the mouse thymus. i. Characterization of the population.

Using an in vitro culture technique, mouse thymus graft cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The persistent PHA-responsive thymus graft population (Elliott, 1973) was shown to be able to response to other T-cell mitogens (Con A, pokeweed mitogen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B), but not to E. coli lipopolysaccharide a known B-cell mitogen. The percentage of persistent PHA-responsive cells did not alter during 5 days in culture and was relatively unaffected by either hydrocortisone or anti-lymphocyte serum treatment in vitro. In allogeneic thymus grafts (AKR leads to CBA), persistent PHA-responsive cells could be demonstrated, which were destroyed when incubated with CBA anti theta AKR serum and complement. When thymus graft cells were allowed to sediment on a 0.2-2 per cent BSA gradient, it was seen that the PHA-responsive population sedimented faster than the bulk of thymus graft cells. Some separation could be obtained on this gradient between the persistent and non-persistent PHA-responsive cell populations.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Some effects on leukaemic B lymphocytes of antibodies to defined regions of their surface immunoglobulin.

During the growth of the L2C leukaemia in strain 2 guinea-pigs there is excreted in the urine a monoclonal light chain of lambda class. This is believed to arise from synthesis by the leukaemic cells of a small molar excess of the light chains incorporated into their surface IgM. Antibodies to this light chain have been raised in rabbits and separated by immunosorption into those directed against idiotypic determinants (anti-Id), and those against determinants also present on other lambda chains (anti-lambda). Both antibodies react with L2C cells via the surface immunoglobulin. In accord with prediction anti-Id is specific for L2C cells while anti-lambda also reacts with 7 per cent of normal nodal lymphocytes. L2C cells are agglutinated strongly by anti-Id, weakly by anti-lambda. Both antisera inhibit migration of the cells, and both can kill them by invoking complement or K-cell cytotoxic mechanisms. The results emphasize the potential of anti-idiotype sera for identifying and specifically attacking neoplastic B lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Origin and partial characterization of Fc receptor-bearing cells found within experimental carcinomas and sarcomas.

A variety of murine connective and epithelial tissue tumors, including the SAD/2 and FS9 fibrosarcomas, the TA3/Ha and CAD/2 mammary carcinomas and a primary methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma, were found to contain a high proportion of cells with receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G ("Fc receptors"). Experiments were undertaken to assess whether these cells were neoplastic, or whether they represented the infiltration into the tumor of non-malignant host cells such as macrophages or lymphocytes. It was found that long-term established in vitro cell lines of the TA3/Ha SAD/2 and CAD/2 tumors were entirely negative for the Fc receptor, whereas injection of these cells led to the formation of tumors containing a high proportion of Fc receptor-bearing cells. Many of these cells were actively phagocytic as assessed by ingestion of iron filings or antibody-coated erythrocytes. Injection of Fc receptor-negative cultured tumor cells into F1 hybrids, in which host cells could be distinguished from the tumor cells by anti-H2 sera, revealed that many or all of the Fc receptor-bearing cells in the resultant tumor were of host origin. In contrast to its effect on normal spleen cells, anti-theta serum treatment also partially inhibited Fc rosettes, suggesting a T-lymphocyte origin for some of the Fc receptor-bearing cells. Since almost all cells with potential anti-tumor activity bear Fc receptors, it is suggested that an index of host cell infiltration of carcinomas and sarcomas can quickly and easily be ascertained by enumeration of Fc receptor-bearing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lymphocyte: erythrocyte (L.E.) rosettes as indicators of the heterogeneity of lymphocytes in a variety of mammalian species.

Lymphocytes and red cells from various mammalian species have been mixed in vitro in conditions which favor their aggregation in the form of rosettes. The frequencies of rosette formation taken in conjunction with observations on surface bound immunoglobulin on the lymphocytes favor the interpretation that, in many species of animal, rosette formation can be used as an indicator of the thymic (T) or bursal equivalent (B) origin of lymphocytes.

Animals↗