Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E V Moreva.
The novel experimental realization of four-level optical quantum systems (ququarts) is presented. We exploit the polarization properties of the frequency nondegenerate biphoton field to obtain such systems. A simple method that does not rely on am interferometer is used to generate and measure the sequence of states that can be used in quantum key distribution protocol.
Basic strategic and tactical principles of neuropharmacological studies are outlined, whose aim is to find and explore new synthetic neuro-blocking agents and substances simulating the structure of natural metabolites. The basic research has resulted in the development of new highly effective drugs and experimentally substantiated recommendations for their clinical application. The conceptions of the action mechanism of adrenergic and cholinergic agents, stimulants of tissue energy exchange, which have been formulated in the department, suggested new approaches to the pharmacological treatment of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems and neurogenic diseases of the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems.
The paper compiles results of many years of studies performed at the Dept. of Pharmacology of the Inst. Exp. Med. of the USSR Acad. Med. Sci. and concerning neurotropic drugs for prophylaxis and pharmacological therapy of neurodystrophies underlying many a disease of internal organs. From the pharmacological standpoint, mechanisms of the neural control of trophic processes and formation of internal organs pathology are considered; significance of transmitter systems, mainly adrenergic for this control, is analysed; an important role of maintaining the tissue energy metabolism at a high level for augmentation of reparation processes, is proved; principles of prophylaxis and pharmacological therapy of internal organs diseases dependent on the neural factor, are revealed.
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A study was made of the content of some neurotransmitters in the rat brain during neurogenic gastric lesions induced by excessive irritation of the body. The 3-hour electric stimulation combined with immobilization of the animals and mechanical stimulation of the pyloroduodenal reflexogenic zone led to a noticeable reduction in the content of histamine, serotonin and GABA in the brain. It is suggested that histamine-, serotonin- and GABA-ergic systems are involved in the central mechanisms of the development of neurogenic gastric lesions.
It has been demonstrated in experiments on noninbred rats that lithium chloride and lithium hydroxybutyrate exert a prophylactic therapeutic effect in respect to neurogenic gastric lesions and reduction in the content of creatine phosphate in gastric and cardiac tissues, induced by stressful exposures (3-hour immobilization and electric stimulation of hungry animals). The effects of lithium hydroxybutyrate were more demonstrable than those of lithium chloride.
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Formation of encephalogenic shortened reflex in rabbits induced specific local changes of amplitudes of the 1-min waves. Etimizol rapidly stabilized the level of the 1-min waves and fixed the reflex, keeping the local character of the response. Propylnorantiphein enhanced corticofugal projections to the thalamus. The shifts in the brain energy exchange (the creatin--phosphate, glycogen contents) coincided in time with the amplitude shifts of the 1-min waves and occurred within 20--30 min after administration of neurotropic drugs lasting 2--3 hrs. The etimizol recruited both alpha-and beta-adrenoreceptors whereas the propylnorantiphein involved mainly the alpha-adrenoreceptors. Etimizol, being an unspecific connector, enhanced consolidation of the shortened reflex increasing the local response to electric stimulation, whereas propylnorantiphein aided to spreading of the responses over to the thalamic nuclei.
Peridural anesthesia in T1--T6 regions was used together with general anesthesia in closed mitral commisurotomy in 40 patients with the disease in stages 4 and 5. The study was aimed at the evaluation of the effect of peridural anesthesia upon hemodynamics, gas exchange, adrenal cortex function, energy exchange in the myocardium and the evaluation of its expediency for these patients. The authors studied hemodynamic alterations (HR, AP, CVP, MV, CBV etc.), changes of acid-base equilibrium and in the blood gases, concentration of summary 11-oxycorticosteroids in the blood plasma and of creatinophosphate in the myocardium left auricle. On the grounds of these studies the authors have come to some practically important conlusions.
In case of an excessive irritation (a 3-hour electrical stimulation) of the organism there were observed marked changes in the brain metabolism in rats. These changes were expressed in the exhaustion of noradrenaline stores and disturbances of energy metabolism, leading to reduction of the creatinphosphate level. Preliminary (before the electrical stimulation) administration of ethimizol prevented deficiency of noradrenaline and creatinphosphate in the brain tissue of the animals subjected to the excessive irritation.
A three-week electrical stimulation of the hypothalamic supraoptic zone in rabbits which were on atherogenic diet for 3 to 8 weeks accelerated and intensified the development of hypercholesterolemia and lipidosis of the coronary arteries, as well as the metabolic changes in the myocardial tissue. The latter changes were expressed in the reduction of the tissue noradrenaline level, diminution of the creatine phosphate content, and an increase of inorganic phosphorus and lactic acid.
Intraperitoneal injection of ethimizol in a dose of 25 mg/kg caused in intensification of the oxidative phosphorylion, an increase in creatine phosphate and a reduction of inorganic phosphorus concentration in the tissue of the rat brain. It is supposed that stimulation of the energy metabolism by ethimizol was caused by its activating effect on adenyylcyclase.
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