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Biomedical subjects

E V Polzik

Publications and source records attributed to E V Polzik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

An approach to detecting delayed effects of radioactive contamination on industrial-urban-area dwellers.

Detecting changes in humans that result from radioactive contamination of the area of residence many years after an incident (i.e., when the radiation has substantially decayed) presents a difficult epidemiological problem. Problems of this kind are even more complicated ina areas where the population is continually exposed to other harmful man-made factors. The city of Kamensk-Uralsky (Sverdlovsk region, Russia) is a good case in point. In 1957, part of Kamensk-Uralsky was contaminated as the result of an accident at the Kyshtym nuclear plant. In addition, the population of the contaminated area is being exposed to atmospheric emissions from several industrial enterprises. Two comparable groups of residents were formed: one in the contaminated are and another in a control area within the same city characterized by similar levels of chemical pollution but substantially lower radioactive contamination. The groups were composed of only those people who had been living in these areas continually since time of the accident and who were under 15 years of age at the time of the accident. The groups were matched by sex, age, and socio-occupational characteristics. For each subject, data were gathered on more than 50 parameters including hematological, immunological, and biochemical indices of the health status. All these data were obtained from blood tests taken in the fall of 1992. Data processing was carried out with the help of a computerized mathematical pattern recognition methodology, which ensured reliable discrimination between the generalized health status in the areas under study. We found that the health status of inhabitants of the area more contaminated with radioactive fallouts was adversely affected by radiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Genetic markers of susceptibility to myocardial infarct].

The study with the two genetic markers--HLA antigens and the pattern of dermatoglyphics--provides strong evidence for the fact that there is a genetic predisposition to coronary heart disease. The dermatoglyphic pattern has been found to be a more reliable marker of predisposition to this disease than HLA antigens. The decisive rules derived from the study may be used in the assessment of a genetic risk for this cardiovascular abnormality.

Dermatoglyphics↗
PubMed1993

[Some aspects of individual susceptibility to cancer and approach to its prevention].

Article covers methodic approaches to tackle problems of individual propensity to malignancies. Genetic propensity to pulmonary cancer and gastric carcinoma was supported by studies using genetic markers: HLA antigens and dermatoglyphics. Dermatoglyphic picture was proved to predict possibility of malignancy more reliably than antigens.

Causality↗
PubMed1993

[Markers of genetic susceptibility to malignant neoplasms].

Fifty-eight lung cancer and 71 gastric cancer patients were matched with corresponding healthy controls versus such risk factors as age, sex, nationality, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and occupation. HLA-antigens and dermatoglyphic patterns were used as genetic markers. Multivariate analysis employed mathematical procedures of pattern recognition. The results using HLA-antigen technique were not satisfactory. On the contrary, lung cancer studies based on 16 most informative dermatoglyphic parameters yielded reliable decision rules which proved 100% effective in control group and 83.3% effective in cancer patients. In gastric cancer studies, the best results (87.5% of correctly recognized patterns in both groups) were obtained, when 20 parameters were used. Correlations between pattern types and cancer of the lung and stomach have been identified. It is suggested that complete dermatoglyphic picture may be used as a marker of genetic predisposition to oncological disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Problems in the evaluation of predisposing factors to pulmonary tuberculosis].

Genetic predisposition is an important factor in pulmonary tuberculosis. The pattern of dermatoglyphic indicators is thought a reliable marker of such predisposition. Selective character of the disease emergence is related with an unfavorable combination of genetic and extra-genetic risk factors in an individual. A comprehensive assessment of the above factors may contribute to a reliable prediction of a high risk to develop tuberculosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Prophylaxis of asbestos-induced diseases: studies and perspectives.

In recent years, implementation of dust-suppressing measures in USSR asbestos mills has led to significant decrease in dust levels. New cases of asbestosis and asbestotuberculosis in annual medical examinations have not been detected. For prevention of possible future incidence of these diseases, we plan to concentrate efforts on the medical selection of new employees, taking into account not only dust exposure, but also other ascertained risk factors (social, demographic, and biological, especially genetic). It seems to us that the grounds for complete prohibition of asbestos are insufficient. Substitution with alternative materials is discussed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Trends and perspectives of the biological prophylaxis of silicosis.

Based on earlier paper in this journal, as well as on new data concerning factors predetermining individual susceptibility to silicosis, we propose a comprehensive system of recommendations aimed at increasing the working population's resistance against the harmful action of silica dust. These recommendations consider, on one hand, the criteria of possible selection for employment in dusty industries of individuals who do not possess characteristics making them especially sensitive to this harmful action (collective biological prophylaxis), and on the other hand, the influences that could diminish such sensitivity (individual biological prophylaxis). Some ethical and practical problems of the biological prophylaxis of occupational diseases and a mathematical approach to predicting its effectiveness are also discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Relation between genetic and non-genetic factors of individual susceptibility to silicosis].

The study was carried out at a number of industrial enterprises at risk of silicosis by means of the methodological approach based on the mathematical theory of image discrimination. It was shown that under the given conditions of dust exposure higher or lower probability of the development of silicosis and silicotuberculosis in an individual depended on the whole set of environment and endogenic factors, involving genetic predisposition to the disease as one of the leading factors. The impact of the above factors being similar irrespective of the type of the enterprise, their comparative contribution could be different. Thus reliable prediction of high probability of the disease development could be provided by means of the method of multifactorial analysis only as applied to specific conditions of the given enterprise. In spite of low prevalence of the genotype of silicosis- and silicotuberculosis-associated resistance, under the exposure to quartz dust, high probability of the disease development was predicted only in a number of cases if other individual symptoms were taken into account along the genotype. Therefore it became possible to identify the most susceptible persons at the stage of medical vocational selection.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1989

[Complex analysis of factors affecting continuance of work activities of older workers].

The study of male and female workers of different industries demonstrated that deterioration of health state was the main cause for restraining labour activity of the retired. Mathematical simulator-based forecasting revealed that some medical, preventive and organizational measures could be sufficiently effective in the solution of the problems of prolongation of the labour period of older age groups of workers.

Age Factors↗