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Biomedical subjects

E Viadana

Publications and source records attributed to E Viadana.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

An autopsy study of the metastatic patterns of human leukemias.

This paper analyses the distribution of metastases at every site of the human body in acute lymphoblastic, chronic lymphocytic, acute myeblastic and chronic myelocytic leukemias in patients that come to autopsy. It appeared that the 4 types of leukemia had a similar seeding frequency of the skin, breast, trachea, diaphragm and all other muscles. The highest incidence of metastases was found in the lymphatic system (i.e. all lymph-nodes and spleen). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed an excess of metastases in the major blood vessels, pleura, large intestines, extrahepatic biliary tract, ureters, prostate, cervix uteri, central nervous system, thymus, ovaries and pituitary. The excess of metastases at specific sites did not cluster either in topographical areas or in anatomical systems, with the exception of metastases in the central nervous and endocrine systems (acute lymphoblastic leukemia). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia showed an excess of metastases in all lymph nodes, kidney, adrenals and heart. A lymphatic route of dissemination, as opposed to a blood-borne spread of malignant cells, was hypothesised to account for the excess of metastases in the above mentioned organs in patients affected with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Soil specificity with the degree of anaplasia of leukemic cells may account for the higher than expected occurrence of metastases in a given organ, for a specific leukemia. This remark holds true particularly for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1976

Metastatic patterns of cancers of the lymphopoietic system in man.

Autopsy records are analyzed for 358 patients with reticulum cell sarcoma, lymphocytic lymphosarcoma, or Hodgkin's disease. These records belong to a series of 4,728 autopsy records collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1957 through 1965. This paper analyzes the distribution of metastases at specific sites in 3 malignant lymphomas. The concept of soil specificity is discussed in connection with the excess of metastases at specific sites. Soil specificity is defined as a higher than expected occurrence of metastases due to a cancer in an organ when compared to other similar primary cancers. In some instances, however, the excess of metastases in a specific site was sometimes also related to the site of origin of a malignant lymphoma. Entire series of organs located either in the abdomen or pelvis showed metastatic patterns which were very likely related to the primary sites of origin. The metastatic patterns of lymphocytic lymphosarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma appeared to be markedly different from those of Hodgkin's disease. Reticulum cell and lymphocytic lymphosarcomas were not only more widespread than Hodgkin's disease, but the patterns of abdominal and pelvic metastases strongly suggested either their multifocal origin or a different sequence of events in the seeding of lymph node areas, as compared to those of Hodgkin's disease. The relationship between the degree of anaplasia of certain lymphomas and blood-borne metastases is discussed.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1976

The spread of blood-borne metastases in malignant lymphomas of man.

An autopsy study was performed on 190 cases with Hodgkin's disease and on 134 cases with reticulum cell sarcomas. It was found that a cascade spread of metastases, as opposed to a random spread, was detectable in patients with Hodgkin's disease, but not in patients with reticulum cell sarcoma. Metastatic key-sites for both lymphomas are defined as those organs whose chance of being seeded by the primary tumor is the highest; these sites are the spleen, liver, bone marrow and lungs. This study could not demonstrate in Hodgkin's cases that metastases in the liver and bone marrow were spleen dependent, but rather it showed that the spleen, liver and bone marrow acted as three independent sources of generalized metastases. Explanations proposed to account for the different metastatic spread in Hodgkin's disease and reticulum cell sarcomas, included different intrinsic cellular characteristics of the two lymphomas. the different location of the primary tumor either because of nodal, or of extra nodal origin, or because the primary tumor was located either in the upper or in the lower torso or in both areas. Malignant cells in the kidney, central nervous system and endocrine system were either released by the spleen via the lungs, or released by the liver and the lungs, or they were bone marrow dependent. The cascade spread of metastases hold true only for Hodgkin's disease. In cases with reticulum cell sarcomas, metastases appeared to spread at random from the primary tumor throughout the body, with rare exceptions such as metastases in the central nervous system, which originated either in the liver or in the spleen, lungs, kidney and bones.

Bone Marrow Diseases↗
PubMed1976

The metastatic spread of kidney and prostate cancers in man.

This research was performed on 66 autopsy reports of kidney cancers and 58 autopsy reports of prostate cancers. Two alternative hypotheses were tested, i.e. whether metastases spread at random from the primary tumor throughout the body or whether the metastatic spread occurs in steps, referred to as a cascade spread, requiring one or more disseminating sites. It was found that in cancer of the prostate two disseminating sites exist, i.e. bones and lungs. Metastases from the primary tumor appear first in the skeleton and then in the lungs, not vice versa. In cancer of the kidney, the lungs are the major disseminating site. The lymphatic areas did not seem to play a major role in the dissemination of both cancers; on the contrary, the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes seem to depend on the presence of carcinomatous cells in key sites, i.e. the skeleton and the lungs. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution, as explained in the text. Considerations were proposed for future research.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

The metastatic spread of "head and neck" tumors in men (an autopsy study of 371 cases).

The investigation was performed by using 371 autopsy records collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1956 till 1967. Only the "head and neck" tumors were taken into consideration. Two hypotheses were tested, i.e. whether metastases diffuse directly from the primary tumor throughout the body or if the metastatic process takes place in steps, requiring, in other words, that one or more organs be seeded first, before any generalized metastasis occurs. It appeared that the lungs and the lymphnodes of the neck are the two organs responsible for generalized metastases in the cancers of the "head and neck" area. The importance of the neck and lungs metastases in disseminating the disease was discussed in the text. It appeared that when metastases are present in the lymphnodes of the neck, the cancer is already generalized with and without metastatic deposits in the lungs. However, the absence of metastases in the neck is no guarantee that the disease is still localized to the "head and neck" area.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

The relationship of histology to the spread of cancer.

This paper investigates the question of whether different types of histology at the same site can affect the spread of metastases - that is, producing a greater or fewer number of metastases depending on the histological diagnosis. Autopsy records were the source of the data analyzed in this paper. The metastases were subdivided into four categories - central nervous metastases, endocrine metastases, metastases at various lymphatic areas, and a miscellaneous group of metastases called the "remainder" group. It was found that adenocarcinoma and oat-cell carcinoma of the lungs are more aggressive in their metastatic spread than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. Adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri had more widespread metastases than squamous cell carcinoma at the same site. No difference at all was detectable in the number of metastases, in men or in women, between transitional cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the bladder and kidney. Cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries appeared to be less widespread than adenocarcinoma (not otherwise specified) of the same site.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

The metastatic spread of myeloma and leukemias in men.

This investigation was based on the analysis of 580 autopsy records of patients with plasma cell myeloma or any type of leukemia. The data were collected by the Department of Pathology at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1956 and 1965. The primary purpose of this paper was to elucidate the metastatic process in myelomas and different types of leukemia. Two mutually exclusive hypotheses were tested, i.e. whether the spread of a cancer from the primary tumor throughout the body was due to a simple diffusion or if a cascade process took place. The basic definition of the "cascade or multistep" diffusion of cancer is that it takes place in steps; that is, at least one intermediate step is usually required for the disease to progress from the primary tumor to generalized dissemination throughout the body. It appeared that either the liver or spleen are the two major diffusing sites; that is, no generalized metastasis occurs unless the spleen and/or liver are seeded first.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

Patterns of metastases in adenocarcinomas of man. An autopsy study of 4,728 cases.

This paper deals with 4,728 autopsy records collected at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Department of Pathology. 1,436 adenocarcinomas provided the data to test whether certain adenocarcinomas had a higher propensity to seed metastatic organs than others. The data were subdiveded into four categories depending on the presence or absence of metastases at two keysites, i.e., lungs and liver. Metastatic keysites are defined as those organs whose chances of being seeded are the highest. Only adenocarcinomas were chosen to deal with the main theme discussed in the paper, i.e. soil specificity. "Soil specificity" is defined as a higher than expected occurrence of metastases at a particular organ, due to a primary adenocarcinoma, when compared to the overall group of adenocarcinomas. The location of the primary tumor and of the metastatic organ were taken into account to distinguish between a higher propensity to seed an organ either because of its anatomical proximity to the primary tumor or because of an affinity, possibly of biochemical nature. The presence or absence of metastases in lungs and liver clarifies the mode of spread of metastases, either by a direct spread, or by a cascade process which implies that no generalized metastases occur unless the lungs and liver are seeded.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1973

An autopsy study of some routes of dissemination of cancer of the breast.

Autopsy records based on 647 primary carcinomata of the breast provided the data to describe a few possible routes of dissemination of cancer of the breast. Calculations were made to test whether the hypothesis of a multistep dissemination of the tumour from the primary site was likely. A multistep dissemination means that the presence of metastases at peripheral sites is influenced by the presence of the tumour in 3 organs, i.e. lungs, liver and bones, very often seeded by the primary cancer.Several interpretations are discussed, with emphasis on those findings which could be explained in terms of a haematic route of dissemination or in terms of an anatomical proximity.

Analysis of Variance↗