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Biomedical subjects

E Viguier

Publications and source records attributed to E Viguier.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Influence of anaesthesia on canine hip dysplasia score.

Hip dysplasia (HD) scores, based on the five grades, as defined by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale, were compared between anaesthetized (group 1, n = 3839) and non-sedated non-anaesthetized dogs (group 2, n = 1517). Each dog was radiographed in the standard ventro-dorsal hip joint extended position. Each radiograph was evaluated by the same reader blinded regarding the dog's status of anaesthesia. Results showed that there was a significant difference in hip dysplasia prevalence between group 1 (22%) compared with group 2 (9%) (P < 0.005). This difference was the result of a lower rate of hip-joint laxity assessment and the measurement of Norberg-Olsson angle <105 degrees in group 2 compared with group 1. The acetabular and femoral morphologies were not significantly different between the groups. The data confirm that the scoring of dogs for HD on standard radiographs with the hip joints extended is influenced by anaesthesia.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2004

Migration of polyethylene debris along well-fixed cemented implants.

Implants, consisting of smooth Inox cylinders, were cemented into the lower femur and upper tibia of nine sheep to study the distal migration of polyethylene particles. Some implants had a titanium-bead porous coat at the proximal end. These were of three types: In the first type, the porous coat was covered with hydroxyapatite to obtain a bony seal; the second type was prepared for a polymethylmethacrylate seal; in the third type, the porous zone was surrounded by a 2-mm-thick space to allow the formation of a fibrous seal. Small polyethylene particles were injected into the knees once a week during the third and fourth months after implantation. The animals were euthanized 2 months later. Major longitudinal sections of the implants and the surrounding bone were examined under a polarized light microscope. Birefringent particles were counted at the cement-bone and cement-implant interfaces. Osteolysis was not observed. None of the seals significantly decreased the migration of particles around the cemented part of the implants. Particles were observed in cement fissures and vacuoles. They migrated at both interfaces and in the bone itself. They were visible in marrow spaces between bone trabeculae.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Vaginectomy and urethroplasty as a treatment for non-pedunculated vaginal tumours in four bitches.

Vaginal tumours are uncommon in dogs. Previous reports have shown that 73 to 94 per cent of documented vaginal tumours are benign and pedunculated, often on narrow stalks. Some vaginal tumours are non-pedunculated. They grow in a concentric way either towards the vestibular area or towards the cervix. Their growth can locally affect the function of other organs. Urethral and rectal compression as well as local neurological disturbances have been described. This case series describes total and partial vaginectomy associated with urethroplasty as a treatment for non-pedunculated vaginal tumours in four dogs. These surgical procedures allowed complete resection of the tumour and were associated with low morbidity. Postoperative management and short term outcome are discussed. The final outcome was favourable; throughout the follow-up period, no local recurrence or metastasis was encountered in the animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in a male dog with laparoscopic-guided deferentopexy.

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence is uncommon in the male dog. Diagnosis is made on the basis of the history (full bladder intermittent incontinence with persistence of normal micturitions), clinical examination and by exclusion of other causes of incontinence, such as prostatic disease, lower urinary tract abnormalities and cystitis. This report describes a case in an 11-year-old male poodle in which positive contrast urethrocystography showed no anatomical abnormalities. Surgical treatment by fixation of both ductus deferens to the abdominal wall under laparoscopic guidance with cranial displacement of the urinary bladder improved the incontinence.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Reduction and stabilisation of a supraglenoid tuberosity avulsion under arthroscopic guidance in a dog.

A supraglenoid tuberosity avulsion fracture was diagnosed in a five-month-old dog, which was presented with a non-weightbearing lameness of the right forelimb after being involved in a road traffic accident. Arthroscopy allowed associated cartilaginous, capsular and ligamentotendinous injuries to be ruled out. The fracture was reduced and stabilised under arthroscopic guidance using a Kirschner wire and a cortical bone screw. Video assistance significantly minimised the extent of the necessary craniomedial approach. The lameness was very mild 15 days after surgery and had disappeared after four weeks. Radiographs taken nine weeks postoperatively revealed complete bone healing and implants were removed. No lameness was reported during a follow-up period of 20 months. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing shoulder osteosynthesis under arthroscopic guidance in the dog. The mildly invasive character of arthroscopy and video-assisted surgical procedures may allow a faster recovery and may limit complications following the treatment of articular fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

In vitro comparison between a DCP and external fixator for pancarpal arthrodesis in the dog.

Many clinical reports have previously documented the advantages of plates or external fixations but surgeons prefer to use plate for better acceptance by the owner, less dressing and a decreased rate of infection. In order to address complications of carpal surgery, infections, arthritis and osteomyelitis, external fixation is warranted. Twelve canine forelimbs, free of abnormality, were tested under compression to evaluate the in vitro biomechanical behaviour of the normal carpus. This behaviour was compared with that of a stabilized carpus stabilised by panarthrodesis with either plates (8 hole 3.5 mm dynamic compression plate (DCP), or a type II external fixator. Deformation vs. load was recorded after compression with a testing machine in conjunction with a digital data acquisition system. Yield load, maximal load to failure and stiffness were then calculated. Variables were significantly greater for arthrodesis with external fixation and plates than for intact forelimbs. The stiffness and the MLF after stabilisation with plates or external fixators did not differ significantly. At MLF, fracture of the third metacarpus appeared with plates, whereas deformations of the pins and bars of the external fixators increased with load. Stabilisation with plate or external fixation allowed more load to failure than the intact carpus. The biomechanical behaviour of both methods of arthrodesis was identical during loading. However, after rupture, external fixation was more plastic. External fixation, which is less often used than plates for pancarpal arthrodesis, mainly due to the occurrence of sepsis, may be useful for arthrodesis of the carpus in big or active dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effects of freezing on the biomechanics of the intervertebral disc.

Storage of anatomic specimens is possible only if there is a reliable method for preservation of the tissues. The establishment of such a procedure is thus of twofold importance: clinical (transplantation of segments of the vertebral column) and experimental (research and teaching programs). Simple freezing at -18 degrees C is the simplest and least expensive method for storing spinal specimens compared to other modes of storage such as cryo-preservation and lyophilization. Does this mode of storage affect the biomechanics of frozen anatomic specimens, in particular those of the intervertebral disc? This experiment dealt with the comparative biomechanical analysis before and after three months of freezing of 19 segments of the sheep vertebral column (4 functional C4-C5 units, 3 C7-T1 units, 6 T13-L1 units and 6 L5-L67 units). The results showed that there was no significant difference (risk of error 5%) between frozen and fresh segments of vertebral column in terms of amplitude and rigidity, except for the C7-T12 segment where the conditions of validity of the statistical tests were not met. The results of this experiment allowed us to validate a biomechanical model to assay the effects of freezing.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

AREVA: multicenter randomized comparison of low-dose versus standard-dose anticoagulation in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves.

BACKGROUND: Moderate anticoagulation may be proposed to reduce the risk of hemorrhage for certain patients with a mechanical prosthesis, but the consequences for risk of thromboembolism are debated. METHODS AND RESULTS: The purpose of the AREVA trial was to compare moderate oral anticoagulation (international normalized ratio [INR] of 2.0 to 3.0) with the usual regimen (INR of 3.0 to 4.5) after a single-valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis, either Omnicarbon or St Jude. Patients included were between 18 and 75 years old, in sinus rhythm, and with a left atrial diameter < or = 50 mm on the time-motion echocardiogram. Patients were randomized for INR after surgery. From 1991 to 1994, 433 patients underwent valve replacement (aortic, 414; mitral, 19) with 353 St Jude and 80 Omnicarbon prostheses; 380 patients were randomized for INR: 188 for INR 2.0 to 3.0 and 192 for INR 3.0 to 4.5. Mean follow-up was 2.2 years (1 to 4 years). Analysis of 18001 INR samples showed that the mean of the median of INR was 2.74 +/- 0.35 in the 2.0 to 3.0 group and 3.21 +/- 0.33 in the 3.0 to 4.5 group (P < .0001). Thromboembolic events, as assessed from clinical data and CT brain scans, occurred in 10 patients in the 2.0 to 3.0 INR group and 9 patients in the 3.0 to 4.5 INR group (P = .78). Hemorrhagic events occurred in 34 patients in the 2.0 to 3.0 INR group and 56 patients in the 3.0 to 4.5 INR group (P < .01), with 13 and 19 major hemorrhagic events, respectively (P = .29). CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients with mechanical prostheses, moderate anticoagulation prevents thromboembolic events as effectively as conventional anticoagulation and reduces the incidence of hemorrhagic events.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Experimental model of posterolateral spinal arthrodesis in sheep. Part 1. Experimental procedures and results with autologous bone graft.

OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated the reliability in obtaining a posterolateral spinal arthrodesis (PSA) with autologous bone graft. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterolateral spinal arthrodesis using autogenous cancellous bone graft is the most simple and efficient technique to get a spinal graft. No extensive biomechanical study of PSA is available. Thus, an experimental model of PSA is needed. METHODS: Eleven sheep underwent lumbar autologous bone grafts and Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentations, and four sheep were used as controls. Sacrifice and biomechanical evaluation of the lumbar spines were performed after 1 year. RESULTS: All grafts appeared continuous. A large decrease of flexibility (in rotation and in translation) was found in grafted spines in every direction. Failure in extension occurred at a mean value of 35.26 +/- 3.71 Nm. CONCLUSION: A constant and homogenous PSA appears to be obtained in sheep under conditions close to the human surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Experimental model of posterolateral spinal arthrodesis in sheep. Part 2. Application of the model: evaluation of vertebral fusion obtained with coral (Porites) or with a biphasic ceramic (Triosite).

OBJECTIVES: The authors evaluated two bone substitutes in a posterolateral spinal arthrodesis (PSA) model in sheep: coral porites (99% calcium carbonate, Biocoral, Inoteb, France) and a biphasic ceramic (BCP) (65% hydroxyapatite and 35% B tricalcium phosphate, Triosite, Zimmer International). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Bone substitutes would be of great interest for PSA. Previous trials began with two kinds of biomaterials: natural coralline calcium carbonate, and phosphate calcium ceramic. METHODS: A lumbar PSA was performed in 11 sheep (coral group) and in 9 sheep (BCP group). Sacrifice and biomechanical tests were performed after 1 year. RESULTS: A large decrease of flexibility in all directions was obtained with both coral PSA and BCP PSA similarly to autologous graft. No nonfusion case was observed. CONCLUSION: In conditions close to the human surgery, a PSA can be obtained using either coral porites or BCP as bone substitutes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of glucocorticoids on skeletal growth in rabbits evaluated by dual-photon absorptiometry, microscopic connectivity and vertebral compressive strength.

The effects of corticosteroid on bone were examined in female growing rabbits treated with 0.7 mg/kg per day prednisolone for 5 months. The evolution of whole-body total bone mineral measured by dual-photon absorptiometry showed a significant difference between the prednisolone-treated group and the control group from the first to the fifth month. The histomorphometric profile of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis was observed, in particular the lower bone volume and thinner and fewer trabecular plates. Mechanical tests are possible on rabbit vertebrae and showed a very significant difference in bone strength between the prednisolone-treated and control groups, and a good correlation between mechanical tests and histomorphometric or densitometric results. This bone corticosteroid model shows that vertebral compression tests are possible on rabbit lumbar vertebrae. It may contribute to a better evaluation of corticosteroid treatments.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

[Pre- and postoperative ventricular arrhythmia in mitral valve insufficiency].

In order to assess the prevalence and prognosis of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with surgical mitral regurgitation, a prospective cooperative study was undertaken in 14 French cardiological centres. Seventy-nine patients (45 men, 34 women, average age 62.8 +/- 12.8 years), who underwent mitral valvuloplasty (44 cases) or valve replacement (35 cases), were included. Three 24 hour Holter recordings were performed before, 15 days and 6 months after surgery. Etiology of mitral disease was dystrophic in 49 patients, degenerative in 11, rheumatic in 10, post-endocarditis in 3 and undetermined in 6. Only 5 patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 45 %. Complex ventricular arrhythmias (Lown > or = 4) were recorded before surgery in 22 patients (28 %), more often in dystrophic disease (17/49 versus 5/30, p = 0.04). No significant correlation was observed between the ventricular arrhythmias and the other preoperative findings, except for a tendency to an inverse correlation between the left ventricular ejection fraction and the Lown grade. Two patients died in the immediate postoperative period (Lown 1); 1 died of a non-cardiac cause at the 2nd month (Lown 4A). The prevalence of complex arrhythmias was unchanged after surgery (34 % on early Holter and 22% on late Holter recordings) with no difference between valvuloplasty and valve replacement. In conclusion, these results indicate that ventricular arrhythmias do not influence the early and 6 month postoperative prognosis in mitral regurgitation with good left ventricular function.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Small abnormal echos after mitral valve replacement with bileaflet mechanical prostheses: predisposing factors and effect on thromboembolism.

Early transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after mitral valve replacement can detect symptomless, non-obstructive thrombus on prosthetic valves and also small filamentous abnormal echoes (SAE). The object of this study is to evaluate their respective frequency and predisposing factors. Between October 1988 and June 1992, 129 consecutive patients underwent mitral valve replacement with a bileaflet prosthesis and had transesophageal echocardiography at an average of 15 +/- 7 days (range: 6-35 days) after surgery. Details of postoperative anticoagulation were analyzed in 99 patients from five surgical centers having comparable postoperative anticoagulation protocols. Among those patients presenting with SAE, 76% had a second transesophageal echocardiography at an average of 145 +/- 166 days after the first examination. Mean age was 56 +/- 13 years. Small filamentous echoes were found in 55 patients (43%). In univariate analysis, independent predictors were age, absence of systolic regurgitation across the mitral prosthesis as observed with continuous Doppler, and the presence of spontaneous echo contrast (SC) in the left atrium: 54 +/- 14 years in the absence vs. 59 +/- 10 in the presence of SAE (p < 0.05); 54% of systolic leak vs. 36% (p < 0.05); 43% of SC vs. 75% (p < 0.00001). In multivariate analysis, spontaneous echo contrast was the only independent predictor for SAE (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Natural history of severe mitral regurgitation.

The aim of this retrospective study was to review the outcome of 216 patients (pts), investigated for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) between January 1980 and December 1987. Definition of 'severe' was mainly clinical: MR sufficiently advanced for the cardiologist to investigate whether surgery should be imminent. One hundred and sixty two pts (group 1) were operated on; 54 (group 2) did not undergo surgery. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups, except for aetiology (less dystrophic and more ischaemic MR in group 2), functional class (88.3% class III or IV in group 1 vs 48.1% in group 2; P = 0.001), pulmonary pressures (lower in group 2) and left ventricular ejection fraction (group 1: 0.66 +/- 0.13; group 2: 0.56 +/- 0.17; P = 0.001). Mean follow-up after hospital admission or surgery was comparable in the two groups (group 1: 3.9 +/- 2.5 years; group 2: 3.5 +/- 2.7 years). Three pts (group 2) were lost to follow-up. Sixty-three pts died; 35 of the 162 operated on; 28 of the 54 non-operated on. Actuarial survival rate at 8 years was 74.0 +/- 4.3% in group 1 vs 33.2 +/- 9.2% in group 2 (P = 0.001). These results confirm that the prognosis of severe MR is poor if it is not operated on, whereas the postoperative course of severe MR, when operated on in time, is good.

Aged↗