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Biomedical subjects

E W Campbell

Publications and source records attributed to E W Campbell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ureteral injury due to blunt and penetrating trauma.

In a period of twenty-seven months, 15 patients with ureteral trauma were encountered, leading us to believe that there is an increasing incidence of these injuries. The injuries were caused by blunt trauma in 3 patients and gunshot wounds in 12. All patients sustained injuries to other organs as well as the ureter. The diagnosis of ureteral injury was frequently delayed beyond the day of presentation (33%) primarily due to the number and severity of associated injuries. The most accurate methods of diagnosis were surgical exploration and retrograde pyelography. Intravenous pyelography and abdominal computerized tomography scanning were diagnostic in only 33 percent of cases. Hematuria was present in only 63 percent of patients who had no other genitourinary injuries, emphasizing the lack of reliability of this sign in ureteral trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Zygomycosis mimicking paranasal malignancy.

A case of zygomycosis involving the maxillary sinus in a normal host and mimicking paranasal malignancy is presented. Computed tomographic images showing destruction of adjoining bony structures and histologic features of fungi are described and presented. A successful outcome was achieved with amphotericin B irrigation and parenteral amphotericin B. Nasal biopsy should be advised by both radiologists and clinicians in all cases of lesions that look like malignancy in the sinus areas before a treatment modality is initiated.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Trans-acting factors in chromosomal instability.

The hypothesis that trans-acting factors affect chromosome stability was explored using human X Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Two types of hybrids were examined. In either case, the human parent consisted of human diploid fibroblasts, the chromosomes of which tended to be lost from the hybrid cell. Comparisons were made between hybrid clones in which the hamster parent had a very stable karyotype (line CHO) and clones from a hamster parent with an unusual ongoing unstable karyotype (line CHX). Chinese hamster-human hybrid cell clones were expanded, and metaphase spreads were analyzed with an in situ hybridization procedure that uses biotin-labeled human genomic DNA as probe. Analyses of chromosome numbers and interspecies translocations were made after 20, 60, and 100 population doublings. Throughout the experiments, the generation of human-hamster-translocated chromosomes was more frequent in the hybrid cells with the CHX background. In addition, these cells also generated human acentric fragments, which were rare in cells with the CHO background. These results favor explanations for the instability of the CHX line that involve ongoing production of a diffusible clastogenic factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Fatal clostridial pancreatitis following ERCP and percutaneous needle biopsy.

A patient with a large necrotic pancreatic carcinoma underwent ERCP and percutaneous biopsy of the cancer and of a suspected hepatic metastasis. On the second day, she developed a massive hemolysis with a 50% drop of hemoglobin level and a rise of serum bilirubin level from 1.3 to 37.5 mg%. Gas was noted on followup CT scan of the pancreas. Clostridium perfringens was found by needle aspiration of the pancreas and on multiple blood cultures. Death resulted from sepsis on the fourth day. Since ERCP and percutaneous needle biopsy of the pancreas are being done with increasing frequency, and since this complication has not been previously described, this case report is presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging of the prostatic cancer.

In a prospective study, the role of MRI in the staging of prostatic cancer has been assessed in 32 patients. The results of MRI has been compared with those conventional staging modalities for prostatic cancer including pelvic CT, cystoscopy, bimanual examination and biopsy of the prostate. The final clinical and/or pathologic staging was obtained. The results of CT were compared with those of MRI in a blind fashion. In 22 of Stage A and B neither MRI nor CT were able to define the extension of the disease. In no cases were results of CT superior to the MRI. However, in 10 cases, the seminal vesicles were involved and these cases were interpreted as stage C. In exploration 2 out of 10 cases had metastases shown by MRI. It is concluded that MRI is more sensitive in revealing the detail of the seminal vesicles thereby detecting the bulk of the tumor and the extension of cancer into the soft tissue of the lymphadenopathy of this organ. The role of MRI in the detection of and the utilization of paramagnetic media remains to be studied.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Persistent clot anuria complicating renal transplant biopsy.

Serious morbidity from renal transplant biopsy is reported to be infrequent. However, 4 of 43 patients who had renal transplant biopsy between July, 1981, and March, 1984, experienced anuria from upper urinary tract obstruction by blood clots. Although these clots usually dissolve, 3 patients (7%) experienced persistent clot anuria and deterioration of renal function. Awareness of this complication is important. Retrograde pyelography and ureteral catheterization are preferred primarily for diagnosis and treatment. Percutaneous techniques are reserved for those cases in which the ureter cannot be catheterized cystoscopically.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Expansion of inadequate volume of coagulum for pyelolithotomy: an experimental and clinical study.

The unit volume (4 to 18 ml.) of cryoprecipitate provided by the blood bank is sometimes inadequate to fill a given pelviocaliceal system. The effect of diluting the cryoprecipitate with urine, saline and water to increase this volume was investigated. Samples of cryoprecipitate were expanded with urine, saline solution and water in proportions of 3:1 and 1:1 at 37C. One part of 10 per cent calcium chloride was added to the various dilutions for each 20 parts of unexpanded cryoprecipitate. All samples resulted in tenacious coagula. The mean generation time of the coagula was 2.25 minutes with water expansion, and 3 to 4.5 minutes when diluted with urine and saline. The mean tensile strength decreased 44 to 64 per cent with water expansion, and 7 to 32 per cent when diluted with urine and saline. Water expansion is not recommended because of the marked decrease in generation time and tensile strength. In patients cryoprecipitate expanded with urine or saline provided tenacious coagula.

Factor VIII↗
PubMed1985

Transfusion pattern of fresh frozen plasma in a medical school hospital.

364 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) used at the Medical College of Ohio Hospital between April and July 1982 were analyzed for their pattern of use. According to the criteria developed for the survey, 33% of the units were used for blood pressure support, 34% were used for clotting support, 14% were used for the combined reasons of blood pressure and clotting support, 11% of the units were used during therapeutic pheresis, and the remaining 7% were used for unidentified reasons. 39% of the FFP were given with red blood cells. Since FFP transfusions carry potentially more serious adverse effects than albumin/plasma protein fractions, their use as volume expanders, or to reconstitute whole blood, should be discouraged.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Sources of fibrinogen for coagulum pyelolithotomy, without thrombin. A comparative study.

Coagulum pyelolithotomy without the use of thrombin is simplified by using single donor plasma, fresh frozen plasma, and "maxi-cryoprecipitate" (expanded cryoprecipitate) as sources of fibrinogen. The physical properties, including generation time, breaking point, and tensile strength were compared for different coagula. An illustrative case is presented for each fibrinogen source. The tensile strength of fresh frozen plasma coagulum was 15 per cent (17 Gm/cm2) and of maxi-cryoprecipitate 29 to 33 per cent (31-46 Gm/cm2) that of cryoprecipitate, but both were strong enough for clinical use. The preferred source of fibrinogen is cryoprecipitate followed by maxi-cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma in that order. Twenty parts of fibrinogen to one part of 10 per cent calcium chloride provided the shortest generation time and the greatest tensile strength in each of the experiments, and is used exclusively by the authors at present. Single donor plasma is not recommended as a source of fibrinogen for coagulum generation clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Role of anchorage in the expression of tumorigenicity of untransformed mouse cell lines.

Cultured mouse cells were tested for tumorigenicity in nude mice with both a conventional assay (injection of cell suspensions) and a new test involving implantation of cells grown on gelatin sponges. Sublines of Balb/3T3 cells, obtained from different sources, varied in their tumorigenic potential with either assay. One subline (A) formed distinctive precancerous nodules only in the sponge assay; these nodules often became progressive after a latent period of 3-4 months. However, suspensions of cells of this subline also caused tumors after a similar latent period, but no nodular phase preceded tumor formation. Another subline of Balb/3T3 (M) has failed to form tumors in either assay. The Balb/3T3 sublines did not differ in vitro properties, such as low saturation density, failure to grow in methylcellulose, and monolayer morphology. A second experimental approach involved tests on nude BALB/c mouse-embryo fibroblasts at various passage levels. The cells were passaged from primary culture, through crisis, to heteroploid, established cell lines. Tumorigenicity was demonstrable earlier in the sponge assay, at which time in vitro parameters putatively associated with malignant behavior were unchanged. Possible relationships with the in vivo phenomenon of solid-surface sarcomagenesis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Angiosarcoma developing in a patient with Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease).

The authors present an angiosarcoma of the scrotum and penis. The disease occurred in a 61-year-old man with a long history of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). The histologic and ultrastructural features are described. The authors speculate that the angiosarcoma, which developed in a location without histologic evidence of neurofibromatosis, possibly represents an expression of an abnormal genome in vascular tissue. The angiosarcoma responded to radiation therapy only temporarily, recurred after surgery, and did not respond to Adriamycin, dactinomycin or cis-platinum. The patient died three years after the onset of his angiosarcoma.

Hemangiosarcoma↗
PubMed1979

Pseudoleukemia: when "leukemia" is not leukemia.

Several case reports6-8 in the literature have pointed out that a clinical and morphologic picture resembling that of acute leukemia may be secondary to infection or use of toxic drugs or alcohol. In these cases, the leukemic picture spontaneously returns to normal when the precipitating factor is no longer present. This condition has been termed pseudoleukemia. Unless the history of a precipitating factor is clear, the patient may be wrongly treated for leukemia. In the case reported here, initial findings suggested acute promyelocytic leukemia and chemotherapy was planned, but further investigation indicated that the condition was essentially reactive and related to a presumed viral infection. Even though pseudoleukemia is sometimes described as a leukemoid reaction, we believe that the term "pseudoleukemia" should be reserved for more specific differentiation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Cadmium-induced alterations in RNA metabolism in cultures of Chinese hamster cells sensitive to and resistant to the cytotoxic effects of cadmium.

A variant population (CdR) of cultured Chinese hamster cells (line CHO) was derived that is more than 100 times as resistant to the cytotoxic effects of Cd2+ than is the parent population. The effects on RNA metabolism of exposure to sublethal concentrations of Cd2+ were studied in CHO and CdR. Exposure to 2 X 10(-7) M CdCl2 for 24 h resulted in increased polysome content (1.2 times) and increased uridine or adenosine incorporation into heterogeneous nuclear RNA (1.2-1.4 times) and messenger RNA ((1.5-1.7 times) in both populations. Measurement of ATP pool specific activity following exposure to radiolabeled adenosine showed that increased incorporation reflects increased synthesis. The equivalence of CHO and CdR in dose-response in terms of stimulated RNA synthesis and their disparity in dose-response in terms of cytotoxic effects indicate that the systems involved in conferring protection against the lethal effects of Cd2+ are not similarly involved in attenuating the effects on RNA metabolism.

Adenosine↗