Thyroid tissue of 300 routine autopsies was processed in a standardized manner. So-called solid cell nests (SCN) were found in 21 patients (7%). These cases were investigated carefully by serial step sectioning. In order to explore the correlation of SCN to the C-cell system, the sections were stained by silver impregnation and the immunoperoxidase method. Morphometric analyses revealed a significant increase in the density of C cells in the proximity of the SCN. With progressive distance from the SCN, the C-cell density decreased and reached normal values. In 30% of the cases argyrophilic and calcitonin-positive cells were found lying within the SCN. Occasionally, mixed follicles could be discerned: These were lined on the one side by a multilayered squamous epithelium, on the other side by normal monolayered cubic follicular epithelium, and contained a peculiar granular material. In one case, SCN were associated with intrathyroid portions of the parathyroids and adult adipose tissue, in a second case with adipose tissue only. Most probably SCN are vestiges of the ultimobranchial body and should be interpreted as such, despite the fact that other authors have expressed different views. The lack of disturbances in the calcium metabolism of the patients and the absence of medullary carcinoma in their family histories led us to interpret locally confined C-cell hyperplasia not as reactive nor premalignant, but rather as normal.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1979

Localization of corticotropin- and endorphin-related peptides in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary.

The question is examined whether alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin are detectable by enzyme immunocytochemistry in the cells of the intermediate lobe (PI) of the rat pituitary. By applying antibodies against alpha-MSH, ACTH and beta-endorphin on light microscopic sections, intense immunostaining was found in all PI-cells. At the ultrastructural level, after treatment of consecutive serial sections with these three antibodies the immunoreactivity was localized in the same secretory granules. No specific metenkephalin immunoreactivity could be detected in the cells of the intermediate lobe.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1979

Structure of erythrocruorin in different ligand states refined at 1.4 A resolution.

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Crystallography↗

PubMed1979

Plasma and urinary levels of triamterene and certain metabolites after oral administration to man.

The plasma and urinary levels of triamterene and two metabolites were measured using a specific method of analysis. Urinary excretion was completed after 48 h, which permitted a rough estimate of its half-life as longer than two hours. The areas under the curve were 672.5 +/- 160.3 and 1.311.3 +/- 399.1 micrograms/ml X h after the triamterene 150 mg and 300 mg p.o., respectively and correspondingly 4.2 +/- 1.4% and 3.7 +/- 0.6% of the dose were excreted as unchanged drug. The principal metabolite of triamterene found was the sulfate conjugate. The area under the curve of this metabolite amounted to 6.672 +/- 2.120 and 11.941 +/- 5.005 micrograms/ml X h after the of 150 mg and 300 mg triamterene doses, respectively. The urinary excretion of the metabolite varied between 25.0 +/- 4.0% and 17.5 +/- 3.5% of the dose after either dose. In healthy subjects an effect on sodium excretion was observed after a dose of 150 mg, whereas the potassium-retaining effect was observed only after the dose of 300 mg.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1979

Analysis of clinical laboratory data by biplot methods using a three-dimensional display: discrimination of renal stone-patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and primary hyperparathyroidism.

The biplot technique is a very useful graphical method to display the relationships between row and column characteristics in two-way tables. This method is applicable as long as the rank-2 approximation explains a large part (e.g. 95%) of the whole variability. However, since in large tables only a rank-3 approximation will yield such a high degree of explanation, a three-dimensional biplot technique has been introduced, using a 3d-screen as a matter of presentation of clinical laboratory data. The value of such a procedure is illustrated using as a clinical example a patient population with recurrent renal stone formation due either to primary hyperparathyroidism or to idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Evaluation of smoking-induced effects on sympathetic, hemodynamic and metabolic variables with respect to plasma nicotine and COHb levels.

The effect of smoking cigarettes containing 1.5 mg and 0.08 mg nicotine per cigarette and of sham-smoking was studied in six healthy habitual smokers. Levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and plasma nicotine were measured simultaneously with hemodynamic variables, such as heart rate and blood pressure, and with the metabolic parameters, plasma DBH, cortisol, blood glucose, lactate and free fatty acids. All variables, with the exception of COHb are dose related to plasma nicotine levels. Blood pressure, heart rate and lactate show simultaneous peaks together with maximal nicotine levels, while DBH and cortisol, blood glucose and free fatty acids show a delayed reaction compared to nicotine concentrations. No effects of COHb, even with levels up to 5.6 +/- 0.5% have been observed on the variables investigated. These results demonstrate, that it is nicotine which induces considerable hemodynamic and metabolic alterations after smoking.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Met-enkephaline-like immunoreactivity in a cephalopod neurohemal organ.

Using a highly specific antibody we found Met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in large granules of numerous distinct cells that are embedded in a layer of secretory terminals inside the octopus vena cava. Application of antibodies against fragments of the mammalian pro-opiocortin precursor -- alpha-MSH, ACTH, beta-endorphin and 16k-fragment -- and against growth hormone did not produce immunostaining in the octopus enkephalin cells. The vena cava neuropil may represent a favourable system for the examination of the physiological role of the opioid peptide enkephalin.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Historical development of the Realta Institution].

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Criminal Law↗

PubMed1979

[Social-therapeutic institution: illusion or reality?].

This report examines the theoretical, practical and judicial ideal underlying the basic foundations of penal institutions, with special reference to the German Fed. Rep. The author points out the reasons of failure of such institutions, as conceived by the 2nd revision of penal law. To date, all efforts to improve such institutions have remained fruitless. Nevertheless, the subject has generated a certain number of discussions which have resulted in more human conditions of emprisonment.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗