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Biomedical subjects

E Woody

Publications and source records attributed to E Woody.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Where the imaginal appears real: a positron emission tomography study of auditory hallucinations.

An auditory hallucination shares with imaginal hearing the property of being self-generated and with real hearing the experience of the stimulus being an external one. To investigate where in the brain an auditory event is "tagged" as originating from the external world, we used positron emission tomography to identify neural sites activated by both real hearing and hallucinations but not by imaginal hearing. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured during hearing, imagining, and hallucinating in eight healthy, highly hypnotizable male subjects prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis (hallucinators). Control subjects were six highly hypnotizable male volunteers who lacked the ability to hallucinate under hypnosis (nonhallucinators). A region in the right anterior cingulate (Brodmann area 32) was activated in the group of hallucinators when they heard an auditory stimulus and when they hallucinated hearing it but not when they merely imagined hearing it. The same experimental conditions did not yield this activation in the group of nonhallucinators. Inappropriate activation of the right anterior cingulate may lead self-generated thoughts to be experienced as external, producing spontaneous auditory hallucinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

On reintegrating dissociated theories: comment on Kirsch and Lynn (1998)

In response to I. Kirsch and S.J. Lynn's (1998) review of dissociation theories of hypnosis, the authors discuss the role of theory in current hypnosis research. In addition, they show how the 2 dissociation theories, as well as an alternative sociocognitive theory, can be integrated into a dual-system model of action (D.A. Norman & T. Shallice, 1986). Finally, they argue that the essence of dissociation theory does not necessarily rely on special mechanisms, such as the amnesic barrier and hidden observer, which Kirsch and Lynn critiqued.

Dissociative Disorders↗
PubMed1998

Dissociation in hypnosis and frontal executive function.

In a career of many searching conceptual insights, Kenneth Bowers drew an important distinction between 2 different dissociative theories of hypnosis: dissociated experience and dissociated control. We contrast these 2 views and discuss how a dissociated control theory can be integrated with current conceptions of frontal executive function. Then we use this frontal elaboration of the dissociated control theory to sketch out a provisional understanding of memory function associated with hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility, with particular emphasis on unsuggested effects.

Dissociative Disorders↗
PubMed1993

Aggressive versus withdrawn unpopular children: variations in peer and self-perceptions in multiple domains.

The present study examines whether subgroups of unpopular children differ in terms of competence in multiple domains. Specifically, subgroups of aggressive unpopular, withdrawn unpopular, and aggressive-withdrawn unpopular and average status children were identified on the basis of peer evaluations. The subgroups were then compared in terms of peer and self-perceptions of competence in various nonsocial and social domains. Results indicated that the 3 subgroups of unpopular children exhibited distinct profiles according to peer perceptions, with aggressive-withdrawn unpopular children being viewed as deficient in virtually every area assessed, and aggressive unpopular and withdrawn unpopular children viewed as exhibiting particular strengths and weaknesses across domains. In terms of self-perceptions, results indicated that withdrawn-unpopular children expressed more accurate, but negative self-evaluations, while children in the aggressive subgroups tended to overestimate their competencies.

Achievement↗
PubMed1980

Determination of the mean caliper diameter of lung nuclei by a method which is independent of shape assumptions.

When determining the number of nuclei (therefore cells) present in a known volume of tissue it is necessary to determine the overall mean caliper diameter of nuclei for each cell type studied. Most previous methods for determining the mean caliper diameters (D) of of cell nuclei were strongly dependetn upon assumptions of the shape of the particles in question (Greeley et al., 1978). A computer program has now been designed to calculate D from three-dimensional reconstructions of nuclei in a manner that is independent of all shape assumptions. The Ds of ten capillary endothelial cell nuclei from normal rat lungs have been determined by this shape-independent method. The resulting overall mean caliper diameter for this group of ten nuclei varied only slightly from that previously estimated for them by a method which assumes them to be triaxial ellipsoids. In a similar comparison, the Ds for ten normal human lung endothelial cell nuclei were determined by both methods. The overall mean caliper diameter determined by the shape-independent method was 10% larger than that estimated by the shape-dependent method. This suggests that human lung endothelial nuclei vary significantly from the shape assumption (triaxial ellipsoid) employed in the shape-dependent method, and the shape-independent method was considered to yield a more accurate measurement of D.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Psychoticism and thinking.

In view of evidence linking psychosis with high creative ability, an attempt was made to evaluate the relationship between thinking abilities and personality traits. Tests of divergent thinking and convergent thinking were administered, along with the Eysencks' Personality Questionnaire, to 100 university students. The hypothesis that 'psychoticism' is related to divergent thinking was strongly confirmed. The hypothesis that psychoticism would be related inversely to speed in a convergent-thinking task was rejected. No evidence was found for any relationship between extraversion--introversion or neuroticism--stability and either thinking style.

Adolescent↗