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Biomedical subjects

E Yaniv

Publications and source records attributed to E Yaniv.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Chronic rhinitis in children.

One hundred and fifty-one children aged 2-6 years old suffering from chronic rhinitis were followed and treated for periods of 3-6 months. Seventy-five children were treated with antihistamines (AH) and 76 with antibiotics (AB). Significant statistic difference was found between pre-school children and school children. The differences were both with the nature of the symptoms, and reaction to treatment. While 49% of the school children recovered with AH treatment, only 14% of the pre-school children did. On the other hand, 58% of the pre-school children recovered with AB treatment while only 35% of the older children did. From our results it is clear that in many children bacterial infection is the cause for chronic rhinitis. In pre-school children it is the main cause, while in older children it is the cause in about a third of the cases. It is also important to remember that although allergy might be the basic reason for rhinitis, in certain age groups a secondary bacterial infection might interfere with the efficiency of antiallergic treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental cochlear damage by neomycin ear drops].

Damage caused by neomycin sulphate solution, identical in concentration to that in ear drops, was tested on the cochleas of 28 guinea pigs. Neomycin sulphate with dexamethasone sodium, and physiologic salt solutions were also tested. Only neomycin solutions damaged the cochlea, and even after only a single exposure. The damage after a single exposure was to the supporting cells and not to the hair cells. However, because of the importance of the supporting cells for normal hearing and because destruction of supporting cells leads to shedding of hair cells, the resulting functional impairment is similar. As a result of further exposure to neomycin the hair cells themselves are damaged, and there is also loss of cell hair. Damage to either the cells or to the hair causes hearing loss. From our work it is clear that in guinea pigs neomycin is absorbed from the middle ear into the inner ear and damages the cochlea. Increased exposure to neomycin increases the damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic perilymphatic fistulae of the lateral semicircular canal.

Fifteen patients with perilymphatic fistulae were evaluated. Of these patients, three had CSF leaks in addition to the perilymphatic fistulae. Eight patients had fistulae of one or both windows; two had fistulae confined to the lateral semicircular canal; and two had combined fistulae of both round window and lateral semicircular canals. All improved dramatically following surgical repair. In the following study, we have shown that perilymphatic fistulae can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and we suggest exploration of this area when indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Complications of ear disease.

Forty-seven patients with acute mastoiditis were treated in our hospital over a 2 and a half year period. Seven patients were symptomatic for a short period only. The other 40 gave a history of chronic ear disease, 22 of them with cholesteatoma. Post auricular swelling is an important sign of acute mastoiditis but was found in only 64% of the patients. Forty-five percent of our patients were found to have infection spread beyond the mastoid. Meningitis was the most common complication (13 patients). Most of the patients who presented without post auricular swelling were diagnosed as a result of having one or more complications. We believe that in cases of intracranial pathology or septic fever associated with ear disease, the diagnosis of mastoiditis is most likely. Early operation combined with appropriate antibiotic treatment can prevent further complications and fatal outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

The anatomical relationships of eustachian tubes with and without infection.

In a study of 24 human temporal bones, 20 did not show any evidence of infection, whereas 4 showed signs of chronic otitis media (i.e. central perforations of the ear drum) and 1 had a cholesteatoma as well. The eustachian tubes were removed in toto, and fixed in paraffin blocks. Serial sections were cut and the histological and anatomical features studied. No significant (anatomical) differences were found between the tubes with and without infection. In addition, the isthmic lumen of each tube was compared with the mastoid pneumatisation of its temporal bone in an attempt to evaluate the functional status of eustachian tubes with and without infection. The isthmic lumen was chosen for comparison since it is that part of the eustachian tube which offers the highest resistance to air flow. No correlation was found to exist between the isthmic lumen and mastoid pneumatisation parameters of the groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Combined perilymphatic fistulas of the round window and lateral semicircular canal. A report of 2 cases.

Two patients with combined perilymphatic fistulas of both the round window and the lateral semicircular canal are presented. They became asymptomatic only when both fistulas were closed. In both cases the hearing improved concurrently. It is recommended that when a traumatic perilymphatic fistula is not cured by closing window fistulas, the lateral semicircular canal be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculous otitis media: a clinical record.

The clinical picture of tuberculous otitis media has changed since previously documented. In our series of 31 patients, it was found that severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations, and denuded malleus handle are constant findings and, in our opinion, are significant clinical features of the pathology. The disease can also manifest itself as an acute mastoiditis. As regards to investigations, bacteriology is considered as being unreliable. This is attributed to secondary organisms interfering with the growth of the tubercle bacillus, as well as the fastidious nature of the bacillus itself. We regard histology as the most reliable means of attaining a definitive diagnosis. Treatment was with a four drug antituberculous regime administered over 6 months. Streptomycin was excluded in all but one case due to its ototoxicity. We believe TB otitis media to be secondary to an established chronic otitis media in the majority of cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculous otitis media as a secondary infection to chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.

A series of six cases of tuberculous otitis media is reviewed. All patients had a history of chronic otorrhea and were operated on with a presumptive diagnosis of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma. Postoperatively the diagnosis of tuberculosis was established by histologic examination of the granulation tissue from the middle ear and mastoid. We believe that any patient with a long history of discharging ears needs histologic examination, as tuberculous otitis might be the cause of infection. We report our findings in these patients and discuss the possibility of penetration of tuberculous mycobacteria into the ear and mastoid. In our opinion, the tuberculosis is secondary to established ear infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Middle ear tuberculosis--a series of 24 patients.

A study of 24 cases (25 ears) of tuberculous otitis media is revealed. Characteristic findings of the disease e.g. painless ottorhea and multiple perforations of the tympanic membrane, are not considered consistent with our findings of the clinical features of the pathology. Severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations and an eroded maleus handle consistently occurs in the pathology and in our opinion are more significant clinical features of the disease. As mixed infections are often present, histological examination of the granulation tissue from the middle ear and mastoid is the best diagnostic procedure. Treatment with anti-tuberculous therapy combined with surgery is shown to give good results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Perilymphatic fistulas: are they exclusive to the round and oval windows?

Eleven patients suspected of having perilymphatic fistulas were evaluated. A perilymphatic fistula was demonstrable in ten of these patients. In six patients, fistulas of one of the windows, or both were found. In two patients, combined fistulas of both the round window and lateral semicircular canal were found. In two other patients, fistulas were found only in the lateral semicircular canal. The patients in whom fistulas were found and repaired improved dramatically. The patient without a demonstrable fistula remained symptomatic. We have shown that perilymphatic fistulas can occur in the lateral semicircular canal, and suggest exploring this area when indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The eustachian tube lumen in chronic otitis media.

The measurements of the size of the eustachian tube lumen, in its various regions, in adults are presented. The material consisted of serially sectioned eustachian tubes of 26 normal temporal bones and four pathologic temporal bones, three of them with simple chronic otitis media and one with cholesteatoma. These measurements reveal: (1) in adults (as in children) that there is a considerable variance of the eustachian tube lumen sizes corresponding to other variations in sizes of other organs; (2) no obstruction of the eustachian tube lumen was encountered in any of the pathologic specimens; and (3) there was no significant statistical difference between the lumen size of the eustachian tube retrieved from normal temporal bones compared with those from temporal bones with chronic otitis media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Parotid tumour as a presenting symptom of tuberculosis. A report of 2 cases.

Two young women with a mass in the parotid gland are described. In both the diagnosis of tuberculosis was only made on postoperative histological examination of the excised specimens. Since tuberculosis of the parotid gland can exist in isolation, this diagnosis should be considered in areas where tuberculosis is common.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Missing stapes and stapes-replacing prosthesis.

Our study of 205 ears with missing stapes, secondary to some type of chronic ear disease, showed that only 40% of such ears are suitable for ossiculoplasty. The remaining 60% are unsuitable because of a fixed footplate, severe atelectasis, hearing better than 25 dB (these patients do not need the operation), or poor discrimination. A new stapes replacement prosthesis (SRP), which we term Tabor, is described for use where indicated. The prosthesis has two parts: The lower part (or base) is made of a broad inorganic, biocompatible material (Teflon). This part fits and covers most of the footplate, ensuring maximal stability. The upper part of the prosthesis is made of autograft or homograft bone--usually a malleus head--the contact of which with the drum prevents extrusion. In twelve out of fourteen ears insertion of this prosthesis was successful; the average postoperative air conduction went from 56 dB to 29 dB, leaving an average air-bone gap of 16 dB. The bone conduction also improved, from an average of 20 dB to 13 dB.

Bone Conduction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal histamine challenge: a method to predict the efficiency of antihistamine treatment.

Nasal histamine challenge (NHC) was performed on patients suffering from chronic rhinitis. The histamine was administered to the nose in the form of a spray. One hundred sixty-eight patients and 20 healthy subjects were examined. The histamine was sprayed into the nose in seven metered doses, from 0.03 mg to 3 mg. The nose was examined before and 4 minutes after each challenge. A positive reaction to challenge was indicated when the conchae swelled to the point that they impinged against the septum. We found that some patients reacted to a low dose of histamine (0.03 mg to 0.15 mg) while our control group and some other patients reacted positively only to higher doses of histamine (3 mg or more). After the first tests, NHC patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with placebo and the other group with antihistamines. Three weeks later another NHC was performed (now under treatment) and revealed that patients reacting to low doses of histamine improved significantly with antihistamine treatment, while those reacting to a high dose did not respond to antihistamines. We found the NHC to be a simple test with no complications, and one that is easily tolerated by patients, including children. Nasal histamine challenge helps to identify which patients will improve with antihistamine treatment and aids the evaluation of its efficacy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tuberculous otitis: an underdiagnosed disease.

A series of 31 cases (33 ears) of tuberculous otitis was reviewed. Classical findings of the disease, such as painless ottorhea and multiple perforations of the tympanic membrane, are not consistent with the clinical findings reported here. Severe conductive hearing loss, abundant pale granulations, and an eroded malleus handle occur consistently and appear to be important clinical features of the disease. In all cases suspected of tuberculosis, granulation tissue from the middle ear or mastoid was submitted for bacteriologic and histologic examination. As a result, tuberculous otitis was diagnosed in its early stages. In 10 patients (32%), pulmonary tuberculosis was found following confirmation of the tuberculous otitis media. Following 6 months of treatment with oral antituberculous therapy in conjunction with surgery, no evidence of active tuberculosis was present in any of the patients studied.

Adolescent↗