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Biomedical subjects

E Yu

Publications and source records attributed to E Yu.

98 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The low mortality rates of Chinese infants: some plausible explanatory factors.

The objectives of this paper are: (1) to describe the differential infant mortality rates between Chinese and white Americans; (2) to identify and evaluate the commonly suspected factors for the low infant mortality rates observed among Chinese in the United States; and (3) to explore alternative explanatory factors for the low death rates of Chinese infants by drawing upon a body of current sociomedical research regarding the effects of smoking and drinking on fetal development, preterm delivery and low birthweight in non-Chinese populations. Anthropological studies on Chinese pre- and post-natal health practices--both in Taiwan and in the United States--are also discussed. The data come primarily from U.S. birth and death records. Where available, both published and unpublished data on Chinese infant mortality from Hong Kong Colony. Taiwan Province and Mainland China, are also presented for purposes of comparison.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Pathology in rabbits treated with leukocyte-degraded meningococci in combination with meningococcal endotoxin.

The effects of a preparative dose of the leukocyte egesta containing degraded meningococci and a provocative dose of the meningococcal lipopolysaccharide on development of pathological lesions associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation were studied in tissues of 32 rabbits. These effects were compared with effects of a single dose of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide as well as leukocyte egesta containing degraded Staphylococcus epidermidis. Rabbits injected subcutaneously with egesta containing degraded meningococci followed after 12 h with meningococcal endotoxin (intravenously) exhibited heterophilic leukocytosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation mainly in the pulmonary capillaries and venules; focal necroses occurred in myocardium, lungs, and liver, whereas, cortical renal necrosis developed in lethal cases. Similar lesions, however, but less severe and with less frequency, developed even after a single dose of meningococcal endotoxin or after endotoxin that followed a dose of supernatant fluid from normal leukocytes. Our findings suggest that meningococcal material from polymorphonuclear degradation plays a role in the pathology characteristic of meningococcal septicemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT features of primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the CT features of 15 patients with primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinomas. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the CT scans of 15 patients (mean age 44 years) with pathologically proved colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma. On CT, we evaluated the site and length of the tumor, bowel wall thickening patterns, perirectal or pericolic infiltration, the presence or absence of colonic obstruction, and metastasis to other organs. RESULTS: The tumors were located in the rectum in nine patients, the sigmoid colon in one, the hepatic flexure in one, the transverse colon in one, the ascending colon in two, and the cecum in one. The tumor length ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 cm (mean 6.1 cm) with mean thickness of 2.1 cm. CT showed concentric bowel wall thickening in all patients ("even" in 8 and "uneven" in 7), target appearance was noted in 4, perirectal or pericolic infiltrations were moderate to severe in 12, and colorectal obstruction was seen in 6. In the tumor spread patterns, lymphadenopathy was noted in 13, invasion to adjacent pelvic organs in 5, peritoneal carcinomatosis in 4, liver metastasis in 2, and periureteric metastasis in 1. CONCLUSION: Primary signet-ring cell colorectal carcinoma should be included for differential consideration when CT shows a long length of concentric bowel wall thickening and target sign, especially when such findings occur in the rectum and in young patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ischemic bile duct injury as a serious complication after transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Bile duct injuries after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) have been reported; however, the exact pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of the injuries remain to be clarified. STUDY: A total of 950 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied. Among them, 807 were treated with TACE and the remaining 143 were treated with transarterial chemoinfusion (TACI) of cisplatin. RESULTS: None of 143 patients with HCC treated with TACI were found to have any radiographic evidence of biliary injury. In contrast, of the 807 patients treated with TACE, 17 (2%) developed biliary complications. Of all complications, 12 (71%) were subcapsular bilomas; 3 (17%), focal strictures of the common hepatic duct or common bile duct; and 2 (12%), diffuse mild dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Interestingly, 2 of the 12 bilomas were found in the lobe that was not embolized with gelatin sponge particles. The median numbers of TACE tended to be greater in the patients with focal stricture than in those with bilomas (6.0 vs. 2.5; p = 0.08). All 3 patients with focal strictures and 4 of the 12 patients with bilomas had associated serious bacterial infections at presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Bilomas seem to be caused by iodized oil rather than gelatin sponge particles; focal strictures of large bile ducts seem to be caused by gelatin sponge particles. We suggest that adjustments in the amounts of iodized oil or gelatin sponge particles and in the sites of embolization may reduce ischemic biliary injuries after TACE.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Close correlation of p53 mutation to microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Mutation of p53 is a poor prognostic indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although poor histologic differentiation of HCC has been associated with p53 mutations, the exact reasons for unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with HCC remain to be clarified. In this study, we evaluate the association between p53 mutation and histopathologic features of HCCs, as well as tumor recurrences and survival. We examined 20 HCCs and surrounding liver tissues from patients who underwent surgical resection, and we performed direct sequencing of p53 gene. p53 mutations were found in 9 of 20 HCCs; none were found in the surrounding liver tissue. p53 mutations were frequent in large, multinodular, and poorly differentiated HCCs. Five of 9 with p53 mutation (in contrast, none of 11 with wild-type mutation) showed microvascular invasions. Hepatocellular carcinoma recurred in 6 of 9 with p53 mutation, in contrast to only 2 of 11 with wild-type mutation. The 1-year survival rate with p53 mutation was significantly lower than that with wild-type. In conclusion, it is suggested that p53 mutations tend to be commonly associated with microvascular invasions, which may result in micrometastasis, followed by frequent recurrences.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗