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Biomedical subjects

E Zander

Publications and source records attributed to E Zander.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Problems of monitoring metabolism of type I diabetics undergoing hemodialysis treatment].

The metabolic control of nephropathic type I diabetics dependent on dialysis is especially difficult and can be rendered more difficult by the procedure of haemodialysis, mainly due to the use of glucose-free dialysis fluid. The blood glucose level is reduced, resulting in hypoglycaemia. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of various methods of compensating for the glucose loss on blood glucose homoeostasis. 5 dialysis-dependent type I diabetics on equal supplies of carbohydrates and insulin received extra glucose in the dialysis fluid and as infusions before and after dialysis. All 3 experimental regimens prevented reduction of the blood glucose level due to dialysis, without any significant differences between them. The choice of method can be made according to the dialysis equipment used.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Muscular exercise in type I-diabetics. I. Different metabolic reactions during heavy muscular work in dependence on actual insulin availability.

The present study focussed on the impact of heavy muscular work upon metabolic homeostasis in insulin dependent (type I) diabetics in situations involving a certain degree of hyper- and hypoinsulinemia. 20 juvenile type I-diabetics were compared with 6 nondiabetic healthy subjects. The diabetics were studied in states of hypo-(trial A) and hyperinsulinemia (trial B) at the start of the exercise. Differences in insulin availability resulted from the different times that had elapsed from the last insulin injection (3 hours in trial A and 1 hour in trial B) before the ergometer test started at 7 a.m. Six diabetics out of 20 patients were studied in both trials A and B to establish the reproducibility of metabolic reactions to the exercise. Bicycle ergometer tests were carried out in the upright position at 5 graded steps of 50 W, 75 W, 100 W, 125 W and a load near to exhaustion. Rest periods of five minutes were allowed between these work periods for taking blood samples before and after each work load. Plasma glucose, FFA, glycerol, lactate, alanine, IRI and HCP concentrations were investigated. The blood pressure at rest and during exercise was measured, and the physical working capacity (PWC170) was calculated according to Wahlund on the basis of the heart rate response to exercise. The results of the exercise tests reflect clearly the different metabolic reactions to heavy muscular work despite the relatively slight differences in insulin availability at the start: --Exhausting muscular work during the hypoinsulinemic state resulted in hyperglycemia and exaggerated lipolysis. --Heavy muscular work in a hyperinsulinemic state resulted in a reduced blood glucose level and antilipolytic reactions in comparison to nondiabetics. These findings suggest the great necessity of an adequate insulin availability during heavy muscular work in juvenile type I-diabetics.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1983

Ergometric heart rate, blood pressure and work capacity (PWC170) in type I diabetics with diabetes-specific microangiopathy.

118 male and 68 female type I diabetics and 25 male and 23 female nondiabetic healthy controls were compared during submaximal bicycle ergometer tests using four work stages (duration: 6 min each) of 50 W, 75 W, 100 W and a submaximal stage producing a heart rate of 170 min-1. We found that male type I diabetics with and without retinopathy who had significantly higher than normal heart rates both at the start and during the ergometer test also had above normal ergometric blood pressures. Female type I diabetics, in contrast, did not differ significantly from the controls in terms of heart rate before and during the ergometer tests. The PWC170 of all male type I diabetics was, in contrast to that of the female patients, lower than that of the controls. In diabetics with diabetic nephropathy there was no correlation between exercised acceleration of the heart rate and the degree of nephropathy despite their higher heart rates at the beginning and during the ergometer test, but a correlation was found between the ergometrically increased blood pressure and the severity of the diabetic nephropathy. In male type I diabetics cardiocirculatory adaptation to muscular work was reduced, and this reduction became more marked as the degree of diabetic microangiopathy increased. Compared with the controls, the increase in systolic blood pressure evoked by activity on the ergometer in male and female type I diabetics was disproportionate to the actual load and correlated with the degree of diabetic microangiopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Cancer--a psychosomatic disease?].

Taking psychoanalytical aspects of psychologically caused symptoms into consideration it is discussed, whether in a narrower sense human cancer can be regarded as a psychosomatic disease or not. Research results in molecular biology including genetics are taken into account. It is held that psychogenesis as a primary cause explains only a minor part of the incidence rate of human cancer. Psychological--or neurotic--influences on the course of the disease are regarded as relatively well proved, but not as specific to cancer. Against hasty psychological explanations of cancer should be warned.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of a combined diet-training program on the insulin sensitivity of obese persons with normal or disordered glucose tolerance].

The majority of the obese persons is characterized by a disturbed glucose tolerance and an increased insulin secretion. The cause of this apparent contradiction lies in the existence of an insulin resistance. In 23 obese persons (relative weight greater than 120% according to Möhr and Johnson) with normal or disturbed glucose tolerance the effect of a diet restriction lasting 4 weeks (700 kcal/die) or of a combined diet training programme on the body weight, serum lipids, state of conditioning (PWC170) and insulin sensitivity in vivo was investigated. The insulin sensitivity was characterized by means of 1 h insulin infusion test. At comparable peripheral steady state insulin levels the relative decrease of the plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentration is a measure of the insulin sensitivity in vivo. In 9 obese persons with disturbed glucose tolerance observations of the course over 1 year are existing. The finding demonstrate that only a combined diet training programme leads to a significant improvement of the insulin sensitivity and prevails a unique dietary treatment. The measure of the improved insulin effectivity directly correlates with the effect of conditioning. The reduction of the body weight obtained is about double as large in a combined diet conditioning treatment as after a unique restriction of the diet (18% or 10% of the relative weight). Triglyceride and cholesterol levels significantly decrease, the HDL-cholesterol increases in tendency. On the other hand, the results are unsatisfactory after one year. The therapy regime is a promising strategy for the reduction of the insulin resistance in adiposity as a preventive medical measure, provided a good cooperation and motivation on the side of the patient is present.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1981

Investigation of insulin sensitivity in early diabetes III. The effect of a combined physical training and diet programme on body weight, serum lipids and insulin sensitivity in obese asymptomatic diabetics.

The effect of a physical training and low caloric diet (700 calories/day) for 4 weeks on insulin sensitivity in vivo, body weight and serum lipids was investigated in 10 obese asymptomatic diabetics (normal fasting plasma glucose and pathological glucose tolerance). Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion pattern were characterized by means of a 2h-glucose infusion test (12 mg/kg/min) primed by an initial injection of 0.33 g/kg glucose. Insulin responsiveness in vivo was estimated by means of a 1h-insulin infusion test (two 30-min. periods of 8 and 16 mU/kg insulin MC-Actrapid, primed by initial injection of 1 and 2 mU/kg, respectively). Under comparable steady-state insulin levels the decrease in plasma glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) was considered as estimate of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Physical working capacity (PWC170) was determined by means of a bicycle ergometer test in stepwise working loads. The training programme consisted of daily 15 min. bicycle ergometer training periods (75% of the maximal working capacity) in the morning and a 1 h mild physical training on a bicycle in the afternoon. After the combined training and diet programme the mean decrease in absolute and relative body weight amounted to 11.9 +/- 1.07 kg and 16.7 +/- 1.2%, respectively. There was a significant decrease of plasma triglycerides whereas the decrease in cholesterol was modest. Physical fitness increased by delta PWC170 of 31.1 +/- 11.6 W. In addition, the combined training and diet programme for 4 weeks resulted in a significant improvement of insulin sensitivity in vivo as indicated by an augmented insulin-induced decrease in plasma glucose and FFA (17.60 +/- 3.91%, vs 36.40 +/- 5.54%; p less than 0.05 and 35.90 +/- 6.95% vs 56.50 +/- 3.63%; p less than 0.05; respectively). Our findings provide direct evidence that physical training and low caloric diet enhance insulin sensitivity in vivo. From the practical point of view our results suggest the potential benefits of physical training in the treatment of obese asymptomatic diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Immune complexes associated with brain tumors: correlation with prognosis.

The presence of circulating immune complexes in the sera of 208 patients with intracranial space occupying lesions was assayed using the C1 q binding test. Twenty-eight percent of 96 high grade glioma patients had immune complexes as compared to 14% of 28 low grade glioma patients. The incidence of immune complexes was found to decrease in the first post-operative month. The presence of immune complexes correlated with shorter survival in a group of malignant glioma patients tested preoperatively. Nineteen patients without immune complexes had a mean survival of 8.6 months as compared to 13 patients with immune complexes who had a mean survival of 4.7 months. These results confirm similar observations in other types of malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Follow-up of 12 cases of communicating cervico-bulbar syringo-hydromelia, 6 and 12 years after surgical treatment].

In this report, we present a series of twelve homogeneous cases among twentyfive patients having undergone, between 1967 and 1973, a surgical operation of the posterior fossa for disturbances in the cranio-spinal junction. All the twelve cases presented a malformation of Arnold Chiari, and a "syringo-hydromyelia" (6 times) or "bulbia" (6 times) communicating with the IVth ventricle. Two cases with hydrocephalus and H.I.C. have been drained before the operation of the posterior fossa. Two cases out of 12 have been shunted for hydrocephalus revealed by a cerebral scanning 4 and 11 years after the operation. Tranverse axial tomography showed an enlarged medulla in seven out of 12 examinated cases. Two deaths have to be noted, 3 and 9 years after the operation, due to cardiac failure and lung-embolism. After a period from 6 to 12 years after the operation, we may speak of improvement and stabilisation in our cases. We think that these results are due to the operative technique we have chosen following the theoretical considerations of Gardner.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Familial gliomas.

The authors report two pairs of siblings who had intracranial malignant gliomas. Genetic influences in the occurence of gliomas are discussed.

Adolescent↗