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Biomedical subjects

E Zmora

Publications and source records attributed to E Zmora.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Urinary metabolites of caffeine in the premature infant.

Caffeine metabolites in urine from premature infants were analysed by TLC and HPLC. Caffeine, dimethyluric acids, mono- and dimethylxanthines and, for the first time, a uracil derivative (6-amino-5-[N-methylformylamino]-1,3-dimethyluracil) were identified.

Biotransformation↗
PubMed1986

Ventriculosubcutaneous shunt for temporary treatment of neonatal post-IVH hydrocephalus: a technical note.

A technique for temporary ventricular drainage using a subcutaneous pouch is described for use in neonatal hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage. The advantages include continuous, valve-regulated ventricular decompression, no exposed tubing, avoidance of electrolyte imbalance and of the loss of CSF, obviation of the need for repeated tapping, and the ability to convert to a peritoneal shunt on an elective basis.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of hypertension during pregnancy with hydralazine monotherapy or with combined therapy with hydralazine and pindolol.

Forty-four consecutive patients referred for treatment because of hypertension (greater than 150/90 mmHg) occurring during pregnancy were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, hydralazine alone (n = 21) or hydralazine combined with pindolol (n = 23). Satisfactory blood pressure control (diastolic pressure less than 90 mmHg) was achieved in 86% of patients receiving hydralazine alone and 91% of those on combined therapy. Although the treatment did not lower the overall incidence of hypertensive complications it appeared to delay the onset of such complications until successful surgical intervention was possible. Fetal outcome was similar in both groups and there was no perinatal mortality in this high-risk population. Although blood pressure control was similar in both groups of patients, combined therapy with hydralazine and pindolol can be considered to be superior to hydralazine monotherapy, since in patients treated with the combination the incidence and intensity of troublesome side-effects was markedly lower.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Control of peak inspiratory pressure during manual ventilation. A controlled study.

The accuracy and stability of manual ventilation can contribute to the quality of ventilation and the prevention of acute and chronic pulmonary complications in neonates. In this study pediatric house staff and nurses in the intensive care nursery manually ventilated a teaching mannequin at predetermined "low" and "high" peak inspiratory pressures. Without using a pressure manometer, 18% and 13% achieved desired peak inspiratory pressures of 15 and 30 cm H2O, respectively, vs 72% and 74% when a manometer was used for a mean of 90 ventilations. Median and maximal group deviations from the assigned pressures were significantly lower when a pressure gauge was used. Our results demonstrated that accuracy of manual ventilation can be better achieved when a manometer is used in conjunction with infant resuscitation bags.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Effects of maternal ritodrine therapy on fetal rat brain development.

The effects of maternal treatment with ritodrine, a beta 2-adrenergic agonist, on the biochemical development of fetal brain were studied in an animal model. Pregnant rats were treated with long and short dosage schedules. Fetuses were delivered by hysterotomy 4 h after the last dose. No differences in the fetal brain content of protein, DNA, glycogen, cholesterol or beta-adrenergic receptors were found. In this animal model, using relatively high maternal doses of ritodrine, there were no apparent effects on the fetal brain biochemical indices measured, suggesting a relatively high efficacy to toxicity ratio of ritodrine for brain development.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Familial midgut anomalies--a spectrum of defects due to the same cause?

We report three familial cases with congenital midgut anomalies: a father and his daughter with congenital midgut volvulus and a consequent intestinal obstruction and father's female sib with atresia of the ascending colon. A common hypothetical cause operating at different gestational periods will be discussed along with the possible genetic implications.

Colon↗
PubMed1980

Use of side-hole endotracheal tube adapter for tracheal aspiration. A controlled study.

An alternate tracheal aspiration procedure using a side-hole endotracheal adapter was used in conjunction with transcutaneous oxygen (TcPO2) monitoring in 13 mechanically ventilated newborn infants. Decline in TcPO2 during suctioning and drop in neonatal heart rate were both substantially reduced using a procedure designed to preserve mean airway pressure. When compared with the routine procedure of disconnecting the endotracheal tube from the ventilator and suctioning via an end-hold adapter, this approach prevented precipitous and dangerous hypoxemia.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1980

Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during neonatal transport.

The use of transcutaneous PO2 monitoring during neonatal transport was found to be feasible and clinically useful in maintaining the partial pressure of arterial oxygen within a desired range. Adjustment of fractional inspiratory oxygen (FIO2) to maintain transcutaneous PO2 between 50 to 70 torr resulted in a greater number of infants arriving at a tertiary center without either hypoxemia or hyperoxemia.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Multiple nutritional deficiencies in infants from a strict vegetarian community.

Severe nutritional deficiencies developed in four infants from a new vegan religious community. They had received breast milk until the age of 3 months; thereafter, breast milk was supplemented with or replaced by extremely low caloric-density preparations. All of the infants had profound protein-caloric malnutrition, severe rickets, osteoporosis, and vitamin B12 and other deficiencies. One infant died, while the three others had an uneventful recovery. After discharge of the infants from the hospital, the community responded well to a modification of the infants' diet, which did not violate their vegetarian philosophy. However, they refused to give their infants vitamin B12 on a regular basis.

Diet, Vegetarian↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Storage-induced changes in human newborn red cells.

Fetal red cells are well suited for intrauterine life; however, little is known about their response to postnatal environments. The purpose of this work was to investigate the metabolic and membrane changes affecting newborn red cells during their exposure to storage in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) and citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA-1). The findings suggest that newborn red cells are affected more by storage than are adult cells. These accelerated storage changes in the red cells of newborns may be related indirectly to the rapid adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decline. As is the case with adult red cells, fetal cells withstand storage in CPDA-1 better than in CPD. The storage lesion in these cells was partly reversible, as in adult cells, by incubation with adenosine. It was therefore concluded that newborn red cells obtained from placentas and stored for several weeks in CPD or CPDA-1 media or other media that improve the metabolic profile of these cells may be acceptable for transfusion.

Adenosine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of insulin and glucose on pulmonary insulin receptors in late gestation fetal rats.

The effects of high glucose and insulin concentrations on fetal lung insulin receptors and tyrosine kinase activity were studied in an in vitro system utilizing 19- or 20-d fetal rat lung explants. Exposure of the explants to 100 mM glucose and insulin (0.1 unit/mL) for 72 h resulted in a significant decrease in specific binding of insulin to partially purified receptors [5.78% +/- 0.66 (SEM) vs. 9.64% +/- 1.68; P less than .01] when compared with lung explants exposed to 10 mM glucose alone. When individual effects of high insulin and glucose were studied, down-regulation of specific insulin binding was also observed, but to a lesser extent than that observed using both high glucose and insulin. Differences in insulin receptor affinity were not noted. Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity was also significantly decreased (52% of control values) under high-glucose/high-insulin conditions. Total phosphatidylcholine and disaturated phosphatidylcholine concentrations were significantly decreased in explants grown under high-glucose/high-insulin conditions, consistent with delayed pulmonary maturation. High glucose and insulin levels thus result in down-regulation of fetal lung insulin receptors and insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity late in gestation. These results may have implications for substrate availability in the developing fetal lung.

Animals↗