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Biomedical subjects

E Zuskin

Publications and source records attributed to E Zuskin.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A study of isoetharine mesylate in patients with chronic bronchial asthma.

We performed a double-blind, random crossover study to investigate the respiratory effects of a single dose isoetharine mesylate (IM), administered by a metered aerosol canister in 19 subjects with mild, stable asthma. In addition, we studied the influence of the dose (number of actuations) and the mode of administration (delay between actuations) on these respiratory effects. The protocol consisted of a screening day and four test days: (1) one inhalation IM (2) two inhalations IM (3) one inhalation placebo (P), and (4) two inhalations P. In addition, the first nine asthmatics paused one minute between inhalations whereas the last ten paused five minutes between inhalations. Lung function was assessed using maximal and partial expiratory flow volume curves. Measurements were taken prior to aerosol delivery and for six hours after aerosol. Significant differences between IM and P were seen for up to two hours. The maximum effect was observed at 15 minutes, corresponding to a 23% and 25% increase in FEV1 from baseline with one and two puffs, respectively (P less than .001). The differences between one and two actuations were, in general, not significant. No significant differences were observed between individuals who waited one versus five minutes between inhalations. We conclude that IM aerosol results in significant improvement compared with placebo for two hours. Differences between one and two inhalations and the interval between two inhalations did not, in general, lead to enhanced effectiveness of this drug in the group of asthmatics studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Immunological and respiratory changes in tea workers.

Immunological status and respiratory function were studied in 26 female nonsmokers employed in processing different types of tea. Skin tests with tea-allergens demonstrated the highest percentage of positive reaction to sage (45%), gruzyan (40%), mentha (35%), and dog rose (10%). Among 17 skin-tested control workers, 23% had positive skin reaction to sage, 19% to gruzyan tea, 20% to mentha and 11% to dog rose and Indian teas. Serum levels of total IgE were increased in 27% of the tea workers and in 7% of the control subjects. Prevalence of almost all chronic respiratory symptoms was higher in tea workers with positive skin tests than in those with negative skin tests to tea allergens. Tea workers with positive skin tests to tea allergens had larger mean acute reduction over the Monday workshift in flow rates (MEF50%: -11.9%; MEF25%: -20.6%) than in those with negative skin tests (MEF50%: -5.7%; MEF25%: -16.7%), thus suggesting an obstructive effect mostly located in smaller airways. Bronchoprovocation testing with different tea allergens provoked acute reductions of ventilatory capacity in four out of six subjects tested. Relative fall over a 90-min post exposure was greater in MEF25% (ranging from 13% to 67%) than in MEF 50% (ranging from 9% to 45% of the control values).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Bronchial reactivity in green coffee exposure.

Respiratory symptoms and lung function were studied in nine coffee workers who complained of job related respiratory symptoms. Six described symptoms characteristic of occupational asthma. Lung function data showed obstructive changes mostly in the smaller airways with no impairment in diffusing capacity. Bronchoprovocation testing with green coffee allergen provoked immediate asthmatic reactions with acute reductions of ventilatory capacity in four workers. The relative fall in FEF25-75% (ranging from 28% to 66%) was greater than in FEV1 (ranging from 18% to 62% of the control values). Eight of the nine workers had an increased total IgE serum level; five had positive intradermal skin tests to green coffee allergen. Most of the six healthy subjects experimentally exposed to green coffee dust in the working environment showed an acute fall in flow rates on maximum expiratory flow-volume curves. These results indicate that bronchoprovocation with green coffee allergen or green coffee dust may be used to identify subjects sensitive to green coffee.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Airway reactivity and cotton bract-induced bronchial obstruction.

Most seemingly healthy persons challenged with an aerosol of cotton bract extract develop some degree of bronchospasm. The role of nonspecific reactivity of the airways in this reaction to cotton bract extract is undefined. We examined the relationship between airway responses to cotton bract extract and to methacholine, as well as between airway responses to cotton bract extract and to a bronchodilator. Twenty-two healthy subjects were screened for sensitivity to inhaled cotton bract extract. Pulmonary function was measured using partial expiratory flow-volume curves on which flow at 60 percent of the control vital capacity below total lung capacity was measured (MEF40%[P]) following ten minutes of inhalation of cotton bract extract. In the group screened, 12 were found to be responders to the extract, with drops in MEF40%(P) of 20 percent or more, and ten were found to be nonresponders. On separate days, we measured the responses of our subjects' airways to inhaled metaproterenol and methacholine. The mean threshold dose for methacholine in the responding group was 26.8 mg/ml, as compared to 55.6 mg/ml for the nonresponders (t = 2.52; p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the mean percent increase in MEF40%(P) following inhalation of metaproterenol was 41 percent in responders and 24 percent in nonresponders (t = 2.19; p less than 0.05). We conclude that some responders to cotton bract extract exhibit greater reactivity of the airways than nonresponders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Characterisation of textile dust extracts: II. Bronchoconstriction in man.

Aqueous extracts of cotton bracts induce a concentration dependent decrease in flow rates on partial expiratory flow volume curves. It has been shown that the active substance(s) is stable to moderate heat and to acid or alkaline conditions. Results of dialysis and gel filtration suggest that the active component(s) has a molecular size of about 1000 daltons. The component(s) is not absorbed on to ion exchange resins but is readily removed from aqueous extract by activated charcoal. The bronchoconstrictor agent cannot be steam distilled or extracted by ether. It is readily soluble in water; a single extraction of bracts removes all biologically active material. It is proposed that healthy subjects, responsive to cotton bracts extract, can be used qualitatively to fractionate and quantitatively to assay the active substance(s) in this material.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1984

Respiratory function in tea workers.

Respiratory function was studied in five groups of tea workers employed in processing different types of tea. The prevalence of almost all chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in workers processing dog-rose, sage, and gruzyan tea than in control workers. During the Monday workshift there was a significant mean acute decrease in maximum expiratory flow rates at 50% vital capacity (range: 4.1-8.8%) and at 25% VC (range: 7.8-21.8%) except in those exposed to camomile. Acute reductions in forced expiratory volume in one second were considerably smaller and mostly not significant. Mean acute reductions on Wednesday were similar to those on Monday with no significant differences between preshift Monday and Wednesday data. Acute decreases in flow rates at low lung volumes suggest that the bronchoconstrictor effect of the dust acts mostly on smaller airways. Preshift administration of disodium cromoglycate significantly diminished acute reduction in flow rates except in workers processing Indian tea. A comparison of Monday preshift values of ventilatory capacity in tea workers with those in controls indicates that exposure to tea dust may, in some workers, lead to chronic respiratory impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacological characterisation of extracts of coffee dusts.

The contractile or relaxant activities or both of aqueous extracts of green and roasted coffees were assayed on isolated guinea pig tracheal spirals. Contractile and relaxant activities were compared with histamine and theophylline, respectively. Green coffee extracts induced concentration dependent contraction, but the maximal tension never exceeded 76.3% +/- 5.2 of a maximal histamine contraction (0.69 +/- 0.07 g/mm2 v 0.52 +/- 0.05 g/mm2; p (0.01). One gram of green coffee dust had a biological activity equivalent to 1.23 +/- 0.1 mg of histamine. The pD2 value of histamine was -5.17 +/- 0.05. The potency of green coffee was unaffected by mepyramine maleate (1 micrograms/ml, final bath concentration) while that of histamine was reduced 500 fold. Tissues contracted with histamine were not significantly relaxed by green coffee extracts. By contrast, roasted coffee extracts induced concentration dependent relaxation of uncontracted and histamine contracted tissues. Tissues contracted with green coffee extracts were also completely relaxed by roasted coffee extracts. The pD2 value of theophylline was -4.10 +/- 0.03. The relaxant activity of 1 g of roasted coffee was equivalent to 1.95 +/- 0.16 mg of theophylline. The potency of these extracts was significantly reduced after propranolol (1 micrograms/ml; dose ratio 1.56). Our results show that coffee dust extracts have considerable biological activity which changes from a contractile to a relaxant action as a consequence of processing. The greater incidence of adverse reactions to green coffee dust(s) in coffee workers may be related to the contractile activity present in green coffee dust.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Helium-oxygen flow-volume curves in detecting acute response to hair spray.

The acute effect of hair spray on small airway function was studied in 11 healthy subjects by recording maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves while the subjects were breathing first air (Ar) and then a 80% helium-20% oxygen mixture (He). The flow rate response of breathing He compared to Ar (delta MEF50) at 50% of the control forced vital capacity (FVC), and the point of identical flow on Ar and He MEFV curves, known as volume of isoflow (VisoV) were measured. Eight of 11 subjects reacted to the hair spray by demonstrating a decrease in the MEF50 and delta MEF50 although the difference was not significant. However, there was a significant increase in VisoV at 12,20 and 30 min post exposure. VisoV may be a sensitive index in detecting small airway dysfunction following acute exposure to hair spray.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Lung function changes by ethanol inhalation.

The acute effect of ethanol inhalation on ventilatory capacity was studied in a group of six healthy volunteers and the results were compared to those obtained after the inhalation of a saline solution. There was a significant decrease in flow rates on partial expiratory flow-volume (PEFV) curves up to 90 min after ethanol inhalation. FEV1 values did not change significantly, either after ethanol or saline aerosol. Pretreatment with atropine did not prevent the acute reductions in flow rates in comparison with the reductions without atropine. Pretreatment with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) considerably diminished the acute reductions of flow rates caused by ethanol inhalation. These results suggest that ethanol in some persons may act, at least partly, through releasing mediators with bronchoconstrictive action.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1981

Immunological and respiratory changes in coffee workers.

Immunological status and respiratory function were studied in a group of 45 coffee workers. Skin tests with coffee allergens demonstrated the highest percentage of positive reactions to dust collected during emptying bags (40.0%), followed by dust of green (12%) and then roasted coffee (8.9%). Among 34 skin-tested control workers, 14.7% had positive skin reaction to dust collected during emptying bags, but none had positive skin reaction to green or roasted coffee. Serum levels of total IgE were increased in 24.4% of coffee workers and in 5.9% of control subjects. The prevalence of all chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher in coffee workers than in control subjects. Coffee workers with positive skin tests to coffee allergen had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic cough (63.6%) and chronic phlegm (72.7%) than those with negative skin tests (32.4% and 23.5% respectively). There was a significant mean decrease over the Monday work shift in the maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity (MEF50: -7.9%) and at 25% vital capacity (MEF25: -17.8%), suggesting an obstructive effect mostly in smaller airways. Coffee workers with positive skin tests to coffee allergens had larger acute reductions in flow rates than those with negative skin tests but the difference was not statistically significant.

Adult↗