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ER Smith

Publications and source records attributed to ER Smith.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: An Integrated Environmental Assessment of the US Mid-Atlantic Region.

/ Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. We developed a simple method to provide an integrated assessment of environmental conditions and estimate cumulative impacts across a large region, by combining data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography. The integrated assessment technique identified nine distinct groups of watersheds. Relative cumulative impact scores were highest around major urban centers, but there was not a simple or predictable spatial pattern overall. We also point out the potential applications of this approach that include distinguishing between areas in relatively poor versus good condition, identifying areas that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation, and identifying areas for restoration.KEY WORDS: Cluster analysis; Cumulative impact; Geographic information systems; Landscape ecology; Remote sensinghttp://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00267/bibs/24n4p553.html</HEA

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PubMed1997

A Study of the Mechanism of Bleaching Cotton Using Peracids and Hydrogen Peroxide as Model Systems

The mechanism of bleaching cotton dyed with the reactive dye 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein has been investigated using hydrogen peroxide as a model system. A general strategy for the study of the mechanism and kinetics of bleaching is presented followed by the relevant theory to enable a discriminatory assessment of the experimental data obtained. A brief extension to the industrially relevant class of peracid bleaches is given. Copyright 1997 Academic Press. Copyright 1997Academic Press

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PubMed1997

Kinetics and Mechanism of Dyeing Processes: The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics with a Procion Blue Dichlorotriazinyl Reactive Dye

The kinetics of the dyeing of a dichlorotriazinyl-reactive dye, Procion Blue MX-R, with knitted cotton fabrics have been studied using a versatile technique based on a spectrochemical channel flow cell. A mechanism is derived where the simultaneous hydrolysis of the dye molecules, the physical binding of the hydrolyzed form, and the chemical fixation of the active form onto the fabric are taken into account. It is shown that the dye fixation to the fabric is controlled by a solid-liquid interfacial process that is first order with respect to the surface concentration of dye; however, the rate of this reaction is governed by the availability of sites for the adsorption of dye molecules on the fabric surface. Dyeing experiments are performed over a wide range of initial dye concentrations; supporting electrolyte concentrations and the kinetic parameters are reported. Atomic force microscopic studies indicate that mercerization pretreatment provides a disordered fiber surface which may offer additional sites for dye adsorption.

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