Biomedical subjects

Eduardo Castaño-Tostado

Publications and source records attributed to Eduardo Castaño-Tostado.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Chemical components with health implications in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

Common bean effects on health have been related to its dietary fiber content and other active compounds. This study assessed the content of flavonoids, coumestrol, phenolic acids, galactooligosaccharides, and phytic acid in wild and cultivated Mexican common bean seeds (raw and cooked) and that of flavonoids, coumestrol, and phenolic acids in germinated bean seeds. The presence of isoflavones in raw bean seeds was not confirmed by the UV spectra. Quercetin, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and vanillic acid mean contents were 10.9, 52.3, 10.1, 9.6, 5.4, and 18.2 microg/g, respectively; raffinose, stachyose, verbascose, and phytic acid mean contents were 8.5, 56.3, 5.5, and 11.5 mg/g, respectively, in raw seeds. All compounds were affected by autoclaving, and germination resulted in a de novo synthesis of flavonols, phytoestrogens, and phenolic acids. The impact on health of common bean seed is affected by dietary burden, specific compounds content, and processing. On the other hand, germinated bean seed or beans sprouts may be sources of antioxidants and phytoestrogens.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2006

Relationship among antimutagenic, antioxidant and enzymatic activities of methanolic extract from common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L).

Common beans are rich in phenolic compounds, which can provide health benefits to the consumer. The objective of this work was to study the relationship among antimutagenicity, antioxidant and enzymatic activities of methanolic extract and trolox by principal components multivariate analysis. Antimutagenicity of phenolic compounds present in methanolic extract from the seed coat of common beans (P. vulgaris, Flor de Mayo Bajío cultivar) and trolox against AFB1 mutagenicity were evaluated in the Salmonella typhimurium microsuspension assay. Antioxidant capacity of methanolic extract and trolox were evaluated using beta-carotene and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro model assays. Cythrome P450 activity was measured by fluorometric assay. For phenolic extract, trolox and phenolic extract+trolox, the inhibition on AFB1 mutagenicity in tester strain TA100 was 47, 59 and 69%, respectively. While in TA98 was 39, 48 and 68%. The inhibition of phenolic compounds, trolox and phenolic compounds+trolox on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity was 48, 59 and 88%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that phenolic extract and trolox have high antimutagenic and antioxidant activity and also inhibited enzymatic activity. The results suggest that the primary mechanism of action of phenolic compounds in beans against AFB1 mutagenicity may be extra-cellular in the microsuspension assay.

Aflatoxin B1↗

PubMed2005

Dual pulse shock wave lithotripsy: in vitro and in vivo study.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the performance of a novel dual pulse lithotriptor for extracorporeal lithotripsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A piezoelectric lithotriptor was modified to produce pairs of successive (tandem) shock waves. Four kidney stone models were exposed in vitro to 500 single shock waves with a standard lithotriptor. Another set of stones was exposed 1 at a time to 250 pairs of shock waves with the tandem lithotriptor. The time delay between the first and second shock waves was increased in steps of 50 microseconds between 100 and 600 microseconds. Four stones were used per delay, ie 44 phantoms were fractured with the tandem system. Rabbits were used in vivo to demonstrate that the novel device does not produce more tissue trauma. Five rabbits were exposed to shock waves generated by the new device, 5 were treated with the standard system and 5 served as the sham treated group. Renal damage caused by the 2 systems was compared 1 week after shock wave application. RESULTS: Enhanced fragmentation efficiency was achieved at a delay of 250 microseconds. In vivo results indicate that the dual pulse shock wave generator does not produce more kidney tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS: Tandem lithotriptors may improve the quality and rate of stone comminution without increasing tissue damage. The device enhances cavitation induced damage to kidney stones. Extensive in vivo experiments will be important to evaluate the new design.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

CT attenuation value and shockwave fragmentation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether, in principle, the mean CT attenuation values of kidney stones could predict fragmentation by shockwaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four types of artificial kidney stones having different CT attenuation values were tested. Artificial stones were weighed and exposed to 700 shockwaves at 21 kV at the focus of an electrohydraulic lithotripter. Fragments were strained through meshes with 2x2-mm and 3.1x3.1-mm openings. The material left on the meshes after shockwave exposure was dried and weighed on a precision scale. Half of all artificial stones were saturated by immersing them in water several days before fragmentation. Fragmentation coefficients (i.e., percent weight loss) were associated with CT attenuation values using a statistical model. RESULTS: Higher CT numbers resulted in lower fragmentation coefficients. Artificial stone weight was inversely proportional to the percent weight loss. Larger fragments were obtained at lower fragmentation coefficients. Statistical analysis revealed that fragmentation can be predicted knowing the weight and the CT number of a stone before shockwave application. CONCLUSION: Prediction of the number of shockwaves necessary for successful SWL could be possible. Our statistical model proved to fit in vitro fragmentation of artificial stones; however, clinical application requires further research.

Humans↗