Biomedical subjects

Eduardo Hernández-Castillo

Publications and source records attributed to Eduardo Hernández-Castillo.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

[Laparoscopic liver surgery].

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery has been widely used for digestive tract diseases, specially for gallbladder pathology. Laparoscopic liver surgery pretends to accomplish the same objectives of open surgery but with the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. AIMS: To evaluate the indications and recent results of laparoscopic liver surgery, as well as the technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of the world literature was performed on the roll of laparoscopic surgery for hepatic diseases. The results of the authors are also reported. RESULTS: Nowadays hepatic laparoscopic surgery is reserved for anterior non-parasitic liver cysts and type I polycystic liver disease. The treatment of choice is wide deroofing. For hydatic liver disease pericystectomy or wide deroofing plus omentoplasty are also described. For benign solid liver disease, hepatic resection can be performed with the same outcome that the one observed with open surgery when the lesions are symptomatic, small, anterior or peripherally located. Laparoscopic liver surgery is recommended for the treatment of malignant hepatic lesions only in very specific cases. Nonetheless there are no prospective randomized studies that show benefits of laparoscopic over open surgery. Several local ablative therapies like radiofrequency, ethanol injection, cryotherapy or laser can be also performed through the laparoscope. The results reported so far have been encouraging. Intra-arterial chemotherapy is an option for the treatment of liver malignancies via laparoscopy, considering that the arterial catheter can be placed under this approach. CONCLUSIONS: For years, the liver has been considered a challenging organ for its approach, even with open surgery. Laparoscopic liver surgery should be performed by an experienced surgeon with the adequate technology. To our knowledge there are no reported results that decisively point toward the benefits of laparoscopic surgery over open surgery for the management of liver disease. Nonetheless more experience in laparoscopic liver surgery is needed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Choledochal cysts in the adult patient. ].

INTRODUCTION: Choledochal cysts are a rare anomaly of the biliary system; only 20-30% are diagnosed in adults. The etiology remains uncertain; however, many patients with this pathology have had an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction. AIM: To evaluate recent trends regarding diagnosis and treatment of choledochal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of the world literature was performed on the matter of choledochal cysts. Incidence, signs and symptoms at presentation, and diagnostic tools and therapeutics are discussed. Results of these authors are also reported. RESULTS: Estimated incidence of choledochal cyst disease varies according to population studied. It is reported mainly in children; however, an increasing number of adult patients have been diagnosed with the disease. Symptoms are often unspecific and laboratory evaluation may demonstrate no variation. Ultrasonography (US) and cholangiography are both effective in defining biliary dilatation, but endoscopic retrograde colangiopancreatography (ERCP) and recently magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) have been evaluated and best visualize the pancreatobiliary junction. Treatment of choledochal cyst disease is surgical and does not depend on age of patient; nonetheless, reach patient should be properly evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Although choledochal cysts are typically diagnosed in infancy or childhood, the surgeon should not exclude the diagnosis because the patient is an adult. Cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy is the definitive treatment of choice; nevertheless, surgical strategy should be selected based on type of cyst and the patient.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatocellular carcinoma in youth: a comparative analysis with hepatocarcinoma in adults].

INTRODUCTION: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very rare disease among young individuals. Epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological features of this malignancy in youth have not been thoroughly studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A review of clinical files of patients with HCC < 40 years of age treated between May 1990 and July 2002 was performed. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were included for analysis, nine were female and eight, male. Mean age at diagnosis was 24 years (range 12-39 years). Abdominal pain was the main symptom, followed by vomiting and nausea. Enlargement of liver was observed in 11 patients (65%). In seven patients (41%), etiologic factor was not found. Five of these cases were of fibrolamellar variant (29%). Only four patients were resected (23%) two of whom belonged to fibrolamellar type. Three patients (18%) are still alive after 64.9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: HCC is a very uncommon disease in youth and affects similarly both genders. It is discovered at advanced stage. Hepatitis B and C are uncommon etiologic factors. Frequency of fibrolamellar carcinoma is higher in this age group. Although resection is more feasible, overall survival rates remain low.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Arterial hypertension as clinical manifestation of non-parasitic hepatic cyst. A case report].

We present the case of a 32-year-old female patient referred to the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan) with a history of several months of systemic hypertension and epigastric pain associated to early postprandial satiety, fatigue, and dyspnea. At physical examination, a smooth, non-tender, palpable mass was found in right upper quadrant 7 cm below costal margin. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed right-sided non-parasitic liver cyst. The patient was taken to the operating room, where she presented hypertensive crisis of 180/125 mm Hg, which did not respond to midazolam therapy. The procedure was suspended and deferred. After blood pressure control with angiotensin II-antagonist and calcium-antagonist, the patient was submitted to laparotomy, where a wide deroofing of the lesion was performed. The postoperative evolution was uneventful and the patient has remained normotense without anti-hypertensive medication after 6 months of follow-up.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatocellular carcinoma in the youth. A comparative analysis with hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very rare disease among young individuals. Epidemiological, clinical and histopathological features of this malignancy in the youth have not been thoroughly studied. METHODOLOGY: A review of the clinical files of patients with HCC younger than 40 years of age, who were treated between May 1990 and July 2002, was performed. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were included for analysis; nine were female and eight male. The mean age at diagnosis was 24 years (range 12-39 years). Abdominal pain was the main symptom, followed by vomiting and nausea. Enlargement of the liver was observed in 11 patients (65%). In seven patients (41%), an etiological factor was not found. Five of these cases were of the fibrolamellar variant (29%). Only four patients were resected (23%) two of which belonged to the fibrolamellar type. Three patients (18%) are still alive after 64.9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: HCC is a very uncommon disease in the youth and affects similarly both genders. It is discovered at an advanced stage. Hepatitis B and C are uncommon etiological factors. The frequency of fibrolamellar carcinoma is higher in this age group. Though resection is more feasible, the overall survival rates remain low.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C in Mexico.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has increased in many countries as a result of an increased frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In Mexico, the association of HCC to HCV infection has not been evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological factors related to HCC in Mexican patients as well as the results of treatment. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of clinical files of patients with HCC diagnosed between May 1992 to July 2002 was performed. RESULTS: There were 63 males and 64 females with a median age of 57 years (range 17-82). Seventy-one patients were evaluated for hepatitis status. In 43 (60%) HCV was the etiological factor. Isolated HCV infection was present in 32 (45%), HCV infection and ethanol abuse was observed in 11 (15.5%). In six (8.4%) patients hepatitis B was the etiological factor. HCV and HBV infection were found in 9 (12.6%). HCV and HBV infection associated to ethanol abuse was present in one patient. Ethanol abuse alone was observed in six (8.4%) patients. The median size of the lesion was 8cm (range 3-20cm). Alpha-fetoprotein was measured in 113 patients and was higher than 500ng/dL in 60 (53%). Sixty-five patients received supportive measures. Sixty-two were treated. Eighteen were resected. Thirteen were treated with intraoperative large volume ethanol injection (ILVEI), 12 with chemotherapy and 19 with tamoxifen-talidomide. Patients without treatment had a median survival time of 11 months and patients who received treatment had a median survival time of 25.3 months. The median survival time in patients who received surgery was 26 months, the ILVEI group survival time was 18 months, the chemotherapy survival was 8.8 months, and the tamoxifen-talidomide survival time was 7 months. CONCLUSIONS: HCC is a rare neoplasm in Mexico and HCV infection is the main etiological factor. Surgical resection is the best form of treatment of HCC in our country. However, only 14% of the patients were candidates. For non-resectable lesions, ILVEI offers the best palliative results in our center.

Adolescent↗