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Biomedical subjects

Edward Zigler

Publications and source records attributed to Edward Zigler.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Vision and oral health needs of individuals with intellectual disability.

Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased emphasis on health promotion, including prevention activities related to vision and oral health, for the general population, but not for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). This review explores what is known about the prevalence of vision problems and oral health conditions among individuals with ID, presents a rationale for the increased prevalence of these conditions in the context of service utilization, and examines the limitations of the available research. Available data reveal a wide range of prevalence estimates for vision problems and oral health conditions, but all suggest that these conditions are more prevalent among individuals with ID compared with the general population, and disparities exist in the receipt of preventive and early treatment for these conditions for individuals with ID. Recommendations for health improvement in these areas include better health planning and monitoring through standardized population-based data collection and reporting and increased emphasis on health promotion activities and early treatment in the healthcare system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Assessing personality traits of individuals with mental retardation.

Psychometric properties for a new instrument, the EZ-Personality Questionnaire designed to assess the functioning of students with cultural-familial mental retardation, are presented. The analysis of data from 661 participants yielded a 37-item, seven-scale instrument that confirmed the five hypothesized factors of Positive Reaction Tendency, Negative Reaction Tendency, Effectance Motivation, Expectancy of Success, and Outerdirectedness and identified two additional factors of Curiosity/Creativity and Obedience. Separate studies were conducted to establish the concurrent and construct validity of the instrument. Reliability was examined through split-half and test-retest analyses. All psychometric indices were within acceptable levels, resulting in an instrument with potential applications in research, education, and clinical settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Do abused children become abusive parents?

The belief that abused children are likely to become abusive parents is widely accepted. The authors review the literature cited to support this hypothesis and demonstrate that its unqualified acceptance is unfounded. Mediating factors that affect transmission are outlined and the findings of several investigations are integrated to estimate the true rate of transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effects of infant day care: another look at the evidence.

Evidence concerning the effects of infant day care on attachment and later social behavior is reviewed. Although methodological problems, common to research with infants, undermine the findings of many studies, family situations and children's individual traits are identified as influencing their response to early group care, particularly for boys. Overall results suggest that, as a matter of sound public policy, alternatives to day care be made available to families with infants.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1986

Infant and toddler day care: regulations and policy implications.

Recent research indicates that there are identifiable and important characteristics of the day care environment that influence its quality and, ultimately, the psychological development of infants and toddlers. An analysis of existing licensing requirements reveals great variation among the 50 states in standards for infant and toddler day care. This absence of a uniform standard translates into a wide range of questionable experience for these very young children.

Child Day Care Centers↗
PubMed1985

Assessing Head Start at 20: an invited commentary.

In a critique of the preceding articles by Valora Washington and Ura Jean Oyemade, one of the originators of Head Start points up the accomplishments of the program over the past two decades, takes note of some of its limitations, and assesses the prospects for Head Start in the current era of conservative fiscal policy.

Achievement↗
PubMed1984

Paranoid schizophrenia: an unorthodox view.

Most paranoid patients have traditionally been diagnosed as schizophrenic, although considerable evidence points to the dissimilarities between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenic patients and to commonalities between paranoid and affective disorder groups. Based on a review of research, it is suggested that paranoid schizophrenia, at least in some of its varieties, may more fruitfully be conceptualized as a phenotypic expression of an underlying depressive mode than as a schizophrenic form. This formulation is presented within the framework of a broad examination of diagnostic issues.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental health disorders among individuals with mental retardation: challenges to accurate prevalence estimates.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this literature review were to assess current challenges to estimating the prevalence of mental health disorders among individuals with mental retardation (MR) and to develop recommendations to improve such estimates for this population. METHODS: The authors identified 200 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, government documents, or reports from national and international organizations on the mental health status of people with MR. Based on the study's inclusion criteria, 52 articles were included in the review. RESULTS: Available data reveal inconsistent estimates of the prevalence of mental health disorders among those with MR, but suggest that some mental health conditions are more common among these individuals than in the general population. Two main challenges to identifying accurate prevalence estimates were found: (1) health care providers have difficulty diagnosing mental health conditions among individuals with MR; and (2) methodological limitations of previous research inhibit confidence in study results. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate prevalence estimates are necessary to ensure the availability of appropriate treatment services. To this end, health care providers should receive more training regarding the mental health treatment of individuals with MR. Further, government officials should discuss mechanisms of collecting nationally representative data, and the research community should utilize consistent methods with representative samples when studying mental health conditions in this population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Research, policy, and the federal role in prevention initiatives for children.

With the ability and the funds to implement programs on a national level, federal policy is a potentially potent tool in primary prevention. Despite the U.S. government's history of ambivalence toward intervening in child rearing and limited national support for primary prevention, several initiatives have been implemented for children and families with some measure of success. The successes, however, are mitigated by limitations of the initiatives themselves and by the inconclusive nature of much of the evaluation data. This review of 5 federal policy-based initiatives for children and families provides the backdrop for discussing aspects of federal prevention program design, implementation, policy, and research.

Adolescent↗