Biomedical subjects

Elena Santacroce

Publications and source records attributed to Elena Santacroce.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Bilateral epidermoid cysts of the testis: sonographic and MRI findings.

Epidermoid cysts of the testis are rare benign lesions, without malignant potential, that can be managed conservatively with cyst enucleation and testis-sparing surgery. Bilateral epidermoid cysts in the testes have been reported very infrequently. We report the sonographic and MRI findings in a patient who presented with a palpable nodule in only 1 testis, but in whom sonography showed bilateral lesions. On sonography, the cysts had an internal "onion-ring" structure; color Doppler signals were absent. On MRI, the cysts had a laminated appearance, with alternating low- and high-signal-intensity areas on T2-weighted images. These imaging findings and the negative results of laboratory tests for tumor markers suggested the correct diagnosis, and testis-sparing surgery could be performed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Focal liver lesions: characterization with quantitative analysis of T2 relaxation time in TSE sequence with double echo time].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of calculation of T2 relaxation time with simplified algorithm in characterization of liver focal lesions with Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) T2-weighted sequences with double echo time (TE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of 113 hyperintense hepatic focal lesions in T2-weighted sequences (52 metastases, 51 hemangiomas and 10 cysts). We have employed a single TSE T2-weighted sequence with effective TE of 83 and 165 msec and turbo factor 9. Signal intensity (IS) of each lesion was measured on different TE. Using these values, we calculated T2 relaxation time by the following simplified algorithm: T2(ms)=(TE2-TE1)/ (lnIS1-lnIS2). T2 relaxation time has been correlated with the final diagnosis, obtained by percutaneous biopsy, surgical resection or three months follow-up. RESULTS: The mean T2 relaxation time for metastases was 108,7 msec (+/-30), for hemangiomas 166,5 msec (+/- 29) and for cysts 312,4 msec (+/-19). The difference between the mean T2 relaxation time for metastases and hemangiomas was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Most metastases were best characterized between the threshold value of 130 and 140 msec. The values of specificity and sensitivity of the diagnosis of malignant hepatic lesion was respective 0,86 and 0,88. All false positive diagnoses were hemangiomas of less than one centimeter. CONCLUSIONS: Introducing double echo time TSE sequences in the protocol of liver study concurs to obtain high diagnostic accuracy in the characterization of the hepatic lesions. The quantitative analysis of T2 represents a useful additional instrument to the morphologic analysis in discrimination between hepatic lesions and can be carried out by TSE sequences with elevated reliability reducing the imaging time compared with conventional sequences. The evaluation of hepatic lesions of less than one centimeter should always include analysis of dynamic gadolinium-contrast images.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Brachial plexus sonography: a technique for assessing the root level.

OBJECTIVE: Our study was intended to establish a technique to assess the level of the roots of the brachial plexus using high-resolution sonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The skeleton of a cervical spine was examined in vitro to determine whether the vertebrae may be identified individually on sonography by means of the evaluation of their transverse processes. Then 20 healthy subjects and five patients who had undergone CT of the cervical spine were evaluated sonographically, and we attempted to identify the level of individual roots of the brachial plexus using the transverse processes as landmarks. To establish the reliability of this method, a blinded review of sonograms of the paravertebral area obtained at various levels was performed independently by three examiners. RESULTS: In vitro, sonography was reliable in depicting the level of the C7 vertebra because of the absence of the anterior tubercle from its transverse processes. In healthy subjects, this feature allowed us to establish the level of the roots outside the spine. In our series, the C4-C7 roots were visible sonographically in all cases, whereas the C8 and T1 levels were seen, respectively, in only 16 of 20 and eight of 20 cases. All examiners correctly identified the C7 level in the blinded review of sonograms. CONCLUSION: High-resolution sonography can reveal the level of the roots of the brachial plexus on the basis of the different morphology of the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Our study has implications for confirming the exact level of pathologic roots before surgery.

Adolescent↗