Biomedical subjects

Elizabeth A Giuliano

Publications and source records attributed to Elizabeth A Giuliano.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Canine Tear Proteomics: A New Frontier in Veterinary Ophthalmology.

Canine tear proteomics is an emerging field with significant potential for advancing both veterinary ophthalmology and comparative biomedical research. Tears are a readily accessible, non-invasive biofluid that contain a mixture of proteins involved in ocular surface protection, immune defense, and intercellular signaling. In dogs, tear proteomics studies have revealed biomarkers associated with various ocular and non-ocular diseases including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), glaucoma, neoplasia, and diabetes mellitus. This review compiles all previous studies conducted on the comprehensive canine tear proteome and highlights some of the key tear proteomic studies in human biomedical research. Tear film composition, study design, technological advancements, and select tear proteins are discussed along with key protein alterations and their use as potential biomarkers of disease. Fundamental challenges, clinical implications, and future directions of this rapidly growing field are discussed in detail. As proteomic technology and analytical techniques continue to evolve, canine tear proteomics will become a valuable tool for the veterinary ophthalmologist, enabling the early identification and diagnosis of ocular disease as well as providing a means for monitoring treatment outcomes, disease progression, and overall prognosis for the canine patient.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Feline ocular emergencies.

Feline ocular emergencies include any ophthalmic condition that has rapidly developed or is the result of trauma to the eye or periocular structures. Common feline emergencies include proptosis, lid lacerations, corneal ulcers, and foreign bodies. Complete ophthalmic examination including procurement of the minimal ophthalmic database (Schirmer tear test, fluorescein stain, and intraocular pressure measurement) should be obtained whenever possible to ensure that the complete and correct diagnosis is made. Concern for the patient's vision and ocular comfort should guide the practioner's diagnostic and therapeutic plan. This article reviews some of the more common feline ocular emergencies, including conditions affecting the orbit and globe, adnexa, conjunctiva, and cornea. Feline uveitis, glaucoma, and lenticular diseases are covered more thoroughly elsewhere in this issue.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in veterinary ophthalmology.

Uveitis is a common sequela to many ocular diseases. Primary treatment goals for uveitis should be to halt inflammation, prevent or control complications caused by inflammation, relieve pain, and preserve vision. Systemic and topical NSAIDs are essential components of the pharmaceutic armamentarium currently employed in the management of ocular inflammation by general practitioners and veterinary ophthalmologists worldwide. NSAIDs effectively prevent intraoperative miosis; control postoperative pain and inflammation after intraocular procedures, thus optimizing surgical outcome; control symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis;alleviate pain from various causes of uveitis; and circumvent some of the unwanted side effects that occur with corticosteroid treatment. Systemic NSAID therapy is necessary to treat posterior uveitis, because therapeutic concentrations cannot be attained in the retina and choroid with topical administration alone, and is warranted when diseases, such as diabetes mellitus or systemic infection, preclude the use of systemic corticosteroids. Risk factors have been identified with systemic and topical administration of NSAIDs. In general, ophthalmic NSAIDs may be used safely with other ophthalmic pharmaceutics; however, concurrent use of drugs known to affect the corneal epithelium adversely, such as gentamicin, may lead to increased corneal penetration of the NSAID. The concurrent use of NSAIDs with topical corticosteroids in the face of significant preexisting corneal inflammation has been identified as a risk factor in precipitating corneal erosions and melts in people and should be undertaken with caution[8]. Clinicians should remain vigilant in their screening of ophthalmic and systemic complications secondary to drug therapy and educate owners accordingly. If a sudden increase in patient ocular pain (as manifested by an increase in blepharospasm, photophobia, ocular discharge, or rubbing)is noted, owners should be instructed to contact their veterinarian promptly.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2002

Morphological evidence of M cells in healthy canine conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue.

PURPOSE: To characterize the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) and organized lymphoid nodules from dog nictitating membranes to determine if canine conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) contains M cells analogous to those described in other regions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). METHODS: Nictitan lymphoid follicles from 15 healthy dogs (30 eyes) were harvested immediately post-mortem. Twelve follicles from each nictitating membrane were isolated. Four follicles from each eye of 10 dogs were examined by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Five of the 10 dogs were treated with a heat-killed staphylococcal topical suspension immediately prior to euthanasia. Nictitan follicles from five other dogs were processed for immunohistochemistry to characterize follicle lymphocyte populations. RESULTS: The FAE overlying CALT demonstrated morphology characteristic of M cells, including attenuated apical cell surface with blunted microvilli and microfolds, invaginated basolateral membrane forming a cytoplasmic pocket containing lymphocytes and macrophages, and diminished distance between the apical and pocket membrane. Heat-killed bacteria were bound to the surface and transcytosed to the cytoplasmic pocket of CALT M cells. Immunohistochemistry of organized lymphoid tissue subtending the FAE demonstrated B-cell germinal centers with T-cell predominant apical caps. CONCLUSIONS: In canine CALT, the FAE overlying lymphoid follicles, as well as the distribution of T and B lymphocytes subtending this region, contain morphologic and functional features analogous to MALT described in other regions. Documentation of canine conjunctival M cells is of clinical relevance in the study of primary ocular diseases, as well as a potential means of vaccination or drug delivery.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical resection of an orbital fat prolapse in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus).

A 23-year-old captive female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) developed an inferiotemporal subconjunctival swelling of the right eye. Surgical excision of the mass was performed and a diagnosis of orbital fat prolapse was confirmed histopathologically. There was no recurrence of orbital fat prolapse at 15 months post operatively. This is the first known case of orbital fat prolapse in the California sea lion.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dacryocystomaxillorhinostomy for chronic dacryocystitis in a dog.

A 10-year-old female spayed Vizsla had intermittent mucoid ocular discharge from the right eye for 7 years. History, clinical findings, imaging studies, and culture and histopathology results confirmed chronic dacryocystitis with granuloma. A dacryocystomaxillorhinostomy was performed to preserve the functional portions of the nasolacrimal system remaining in this patient, as well as to promote healing of the lacrimal sac granuloma and secondary infection. Complete resolution of the clinical abnormalities was achieved, and the dog remains healthy 3 years postoperatively.

Animals↗