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Biomedical subjects

Elizabeth Lynch

Publications and source records attributed to Elizabeth Lynch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Explanatory models of illness: a study of within-culture variation.

The current studies explore causal models of heart attack and depression generated from American healers whom use distinct explanatory frameworks. Causal chains leading to two illnesses, heart attack and depression, were elicited from participant groups: registered nurses (RNs), energy healers, RN energy healers, and undergraduates. The domain-specificity hypothesis predicted that psycho-social and physical causes would not interact in illness models. Across illnesses, RNs and undergraduates rarely cited interactions between mental and physical causes, consistent with the domain specificity hypothesis. In contrast, energy healers frequently mentioned interactions. Study 2 showed that these differences were not due to salience. These results suggest that domain-specificity theory is supported for groups with extensive exposure to western medicine but does not explain energy models of illness. Implications for other cultural models of illness are discussed.

Culture↗
PubMed2004

Clinical education of physiotherapy students in Australia: perceptions of current models.

The aim of this study was to seek opinions regarding the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the two main models of clinical education used in Australia. A questionnaire was designed specifically for this study and distributed to physiotherapists involved in clinical education at health units throughout Australia. There were 343 respondents (giving an approximate response rate of 74.5%). In most health units (78.4%) the model of clinical education currently used involves a number of physiotherapists sharing responsibility for the clinical education of students (SR model). Only a minority reported employing a designated clinical educator (DCE) to provide clinical education. Overall, respondents preferred the DCE model to the SR model. The perceived advantages of the DCE model included an increased time to devote to clinical education, improved consistency of supervision and decreased stress levels for staff.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced synthesis of interleukin-16 in airway epithelial cells: priming for serotonin stimulation.

Epithelial cells from individuals with asthma or from allergen-sensitized mice contain intracellular interleukin (IL)-16 protein, not present in epithelial cells from individuals without asthma or unsensitized mice. IL-16 is only present in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid following airway challenge with either allergen or vasoactive amine. This suggests that the initial response to allergen (sensitization) results in synthesis but not secretion of IL-16. In this study, we investigated what factors produced during the sensitization phase are responsible for epithelial cell priming for IL-16 production. We determined that ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice have an increase in systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, and that serum or BAL fluid stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells results in production of IL-16 that is subsequently secreted only following serotonin stimulation. The mechanism for IL-16 production was shown to be caspase-3-dependent, and serotonin-induced secretion of IL-16 required binding of the serotonin type 2 receptor. The relevance of the priming effect associated with sensitization for IL-16 production and storage was confirmed in vivo by serotonin airway challenge of OVA-sensitized mice, resulting in rapid secretion of IL-16 into BAL fluid. As IL-16 has been shown to regulate CD4+ cell recruitment and activation, and is detected early following airway challenge of individuals with asthma, this two-step process for IL-16 production by epithelial cells may represent a rapid response mechanism in the orchestration of allergic airway inflammation.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A bed of their own.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Beds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extreme fear.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Faith in transplants.

The number of people needing organ transplants outstrips supply--and this is particularly acute in black and minority ethnic groups. A reluctance to talk about the possibility of donation after death is coupled with misconceptions about religious teaching on the subject.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

It's just a thought.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a useful approach for helping people to reframe negative thoughts and feelings. With a shortage of available therapists, computer-based treatment is becoming popular among people who would not usually seek help.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A quick fix?

Recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence say more people with high cholesterol levels should be prescribed statins. But some professionals have reservations. Currently 2 million people in England and Wales take statins. This figure will rise to 3.3 million with the change in threshold for statin treatment. The threshold for considering statin use has changed from a 30 per cent ten-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease to a 20 per cent or more risk. Statins in low dosage are available over the counter.

Drug Utilization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Co-creation theory.

The Design Council is working with healthcare staff and users to reconfigure services for the 21st century. This 'co-creation approach' has focused on diabetes and motivating older people to stay healthy.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Travellers' tales.

Gypsies and travelling families face discrimination in access to health care as well as in the wider community, with the result that infant mortality rates remain high and child immunisation rates low.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

All for one.

There is a growing body of evidence that transferring a single embryo--rather than the current practice of two--during in vitro fertilisation is effective and could result in costs savings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home is where the hate is.

Domestic violence and abuse are areas where health professionals often fear to tread, feeling that they have insufficient information and expertise to be able to help. But a Department Health publication is there to provide guidance.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Painful delays.

Delays in reporting symptoms and in referral to a gynaecologist may result in women enduring the symptoms of endometriosis for a considerable time.

Abdominal Pain↗