Modigliani's "fillette en bleu": a case of juvenile dermatomyositis?
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Dermatomyositis↗
Biomedical subjects
Emmanouil Galanakis
Publications and source records attributed to Emmanouil Galanakis.
Urinary tract infection caused by Shigella sonnei.
This report describes a case of urinary tract infection caused by Shigella sonnei in a 6-y-old girl with vesicoureteric reflux and a preceding history of gastroenteritis. The strain was resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole, and treatment with cefotaxime eradicated the infection. The role of Shigellae as urinary tract pathogens is reviewed and possible sources of infection are discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Doctors versus artists: Gustav Klimt's Medicine.
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Austria↗
Neonatal bacteraemia: a population-based study.
The aims of this study were to explore the incidence of neonatal bacteraemia and identify the risk factors among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. The study included 3339 neonates admitted to the NICU of Ioannina University Hospital, North-Western Greece, during the 10-y period 1989-98. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of different risk factors to bacteraemia. A diagnosis of bacteraemia was made in 90 neonates (2.7%), 10 of whom (11%) died. Gram-negative bacilli, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Streptococci were the most common pathogens: 42%, 34% and 17%, respectively. Premature rupture of membranes was the main risk factor for early-onset sepsis (relative risk 6.28) and respiratory distress syndrome was the main risk factor for late-onset sepsis (relative risk 5.70). The relative size of neonates for their gestational age did not appear to influence the risk of infection. Case fatality was higher for early- than for late-onset sepsis (relative risk 6.59). In conclusion, certain conditions were confirmed to predispose patients to neonatal bacteraemia; neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by intervening to control these predisposing factors.
Bacteremia↗
Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteraemia in immunocompetent children.
Ochrobactrum anthropi is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients but infections with the bacterium have very rarely been documented in normal hosts. We report the characteristics of O. anthropi bacteraemia in 11 immunocompetent children, aged 2 months to 7 y, hospitalized in a general hospital during a 5-y period. Children commonly presented with fever, non-specific respiratory or gastrointestinal manifestations, leukocytosis and neutrophilia and had a rapid recovery, even when they did not receive a specific treatment. In 10 cases positive blood cultures were obtained on admission and in all cases subsequent cultures were sterile. In conclusion, O. anthropi may cause bacteraemia in immunocompetent hosts, although further studies are required to clarify whether these isolates represent pseudobacteraemia or whether O. anthropi is a potential pathogen of low virulence.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Prognostic value of quantitative blood cultures for the outcome of central venous catheters in children.
Quantitative blood cultures have been used in order to define catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBI) in pediatric patients with malignancy and central venous catheters (CVCs). We prospectively followed 32 patients with a total of 38 CVCs for a period of 4 y (14,068 catheter-days). Of a total of 35 cases of bacteremia, 9 were considered to be CRBI (25%). The incidence of bacteremia in our study was 2.48 episodes/1,000 catheter-days and 20/38 CVCs (52%) were affected by bacteremia. The incidence of CRBI was 0.63 episodes/1,000 catheter-days and it was detected in 9/38 CVCs (23%). The catheter salvage rate in cases of bacteremia, irrespective of etiology, was 30/35 (85%). The catheter salvage rate in cases of CRBI was only 4/9 (44%), whereas all the catheters (26/26) in non-catheter-related cases of bacteremia were salvaged. We suggest that the use of quantitative blood cultures is a useful tool for the evaluation of bacteremia in patients with CVCs and is of prognostic value.
Bacteremia↗
Transient lupus anticoagulant and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time secondary to Epstein-Barr virus infection.
We describe the case of a previously well 19-month-old boy who presented with an acute Epstein-Barr virus infection and a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) associated with the presence of a transient lupus anticoagulant (LA). The boy had an excellent outcome, with gradual normalization of the APTT and disappearance of the LA.
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections↗
Ochrobactrum anthropi bacteremia in pediatric oncology patients.
Ochrobactrum anthropi is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, particularly in patients with indwelling catheters. We report the characteristics of 14 O. anthropi bacteremic episodes in 11 children with Hickman-type central catheters. Children presented with fever and nonspecific clinical manifestations. Bacteremia was successfully treated with antibiotics, but catheter removal was necessary to achieve cure in four cases.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Rickettsia typhi infection presenting as subacute meningitis.
We report two children with Rickettsia typhi infection presenting with mild central nervous system manifestations and pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid. Murine typhus should be included in the differential diagnosis of meningoencephalitis in children who are residents of endemic areas.
Acute Disease↗
Pica and the elephant's ear.
This is a case report of an otherwise healthy 2-year-old boy with a history of pica, associated with iron deficiency anemia. This boy was referred to our department for a neurologic evaluation because of an acute episode of sialorrhea, difficulty in speaking, dysphagia, and repeated swallowing movements. An uncertain episode of a brief-duration still gaze was also reported. In addition, the history revealed that the child had earlier ingested a leaf from a poisonous houseplant called Colocasia esculenta, also known as "elephant's ear." The habit of pica subsided after treatment with iron supplements. A 9-month follow-up period was uneventful. Neurologic manifestations can accompany accidental intoxications of some non-nutrient substances. Thus, pica must be suspected in children with acute behavior alterations.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency↗
A multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in a general intensive care unit.
In an Intensive Care Unit, three patients were found infected and two colonized with multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii within a period of one week. To identify the outbreak source, two surveillance studies were performed concerning patients and the environment. Genotyping of isolates was performed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD). Environmental sampling failed to yield A. baumannii, with the exception of a single sample from a trunking. RAPD-fingerprinting yielded identical patterns for all patient isolates including the trunking isolate, thus confirming the suspected cluster. Since the strain from the trunking had a susceptibility pattern and a RAPD pattern identical to that of the strains isolated from the patients, we believe that this was the likely source of the outbreak. In conclusion, A. baumannii outbreaks may be quickly controlled by appropriate action of the hospital infection staff. RAPD-fingerprinting may provide a useful and rapid identification technique for the epidemiological investigation of a hospital outbreak.
Acinetobacter Infections↗