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Eric Stice

Publications and source records attributed to Eric Stice.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Psychological and behavioral risk factors for obesity onset in adolescent girls: a prospective study.

Because little is known about risk factors for obesity, the authors tested whether certain psychological and behavioral variables predicted future onset of obesity. The authors used data from a prospective study of 496 adolescent girls who completed a baseline assessment at age 11-15 years and 4 annual follow-ups. Self-reported dietary restraint, radical weight-control behaviors, depressive symptoms, and perceived parental obesity--but not high-fat food consumption, binge eating, or exercise frequency-predicted obesity onset. Results provide support for certain etiologic theories of obesity, including the affect regulation model. The fact that self-reported, weight-control behaviors identified girls at risk for obesity implies that high-risk youths are not engaging in effective weight-control methods and suggests the need to promote more effective strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Effects of a weight maintenance diet on bulimic symptoms in adolescent girls: an experimental test of the dietary restraint theory.

It is widely accepted that dieting increases the risk for bulimia nervosa, but there have been few experimental tests of this theory. The authors conducted a randomized experiment with adolescent girls (N=188) to examine the effects of a weight maintenance diet on bulimic symptoms. A manipulation check verified that the diet intervention resulted in weight maintenance and significantly reduced the risk for obesity onset and weight gain observed in assessment-only controls. As hypothesized, the diet intervention resulted in significantly greater decreases in bulimic symptoms and negative affect than observed in controls. These experimental findings, which converge with those from a weight loss diet experiment, appear antithetical to dietary restraint theory and suggest instead that dietary restriction curbs bulimic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Perfectionism, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem in predicting bulimic symptomatology: lack of replication.

OBJECTIVE: Few prospective studies have tested multivariate models of bulimic pathology development, but two studies have found support for a Perfectionism x Body Dissatisfaction x Self-Esteem etiologic model (Vohs, K.D., Bardone, A.M., Joiner, T.E., Abramson, L.Y., & Heatherton, T.F., 1999;108:695-700; Vohs et al., 2001;20:476-497). The current study sought to provide an independent replication of these promising findings. METHOD: Data from 496 adolescent girls that were followed prospectively over a 1-year period were used to test this predictive model. RESULTS: Although our study should have provided a more sensitive test of this model because we used a sample at higher risk for bulimic symptom increases, more sensitive diagnostic interviews, a longer follow-up period, and a larger sample, the three-way interaction did not predict subsequent increases in bulimic symptoms. DISCUSSION: Results suggest that the predictive power of this interactive model may not be as robust as previously believed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Impulsivity as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior: assessment implications with adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the current study were to determine if impulsivity serves as a risk factor for eating disorder behavior and to examine whether different risk outcomes are obtained depending on the assessment strategy used to measure impulsivity. METHOD: Three independent studies are reported, each of which examined the relationship of impulsivity and eating disorder behavior in a prospective longitudinal design with adolescent subjects recruited from both public and private schools. Individuals displaying eating disorder behavior at initial assessments were not included in the analyses, to ensure that we were testing the role of impulsivity in the onset of eating disorder behavior. RESULTS: Trait impulsivity, measured with traditional personality scales, failed to predict the onset of eating disorder behavior in all three studies. However, when behavioral constructs associated with impulsivity, such as delinquency or substance abuse, were examined, they significantly predicted the onset of eating disorder behavior in most of the analyses conducted. DISCUSSION: These results provide moderate support for the idea that impulsivity serves as a risk factor for the onset of eating disorder behavior. However, this is only true when more objective behavioral measures were utilized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Despite evidence that body dissatisfaction predicts the onset of eating pathology and depression, few prospective studies have investigated predictors of body dissatisfaction. METHOD: We examined risk factors for body dissatisfaction using prospective data from 531 adolescent boys and girls. RESULTS: Elevations in body mass, negative affect, and perceived pressure to be thin from peers, but not thin-ideal internalization, social support deficits, or perceived pressure to be thin from family, dating partners, or media, predicted increases in body dissatisfaction. Gender moderated the effect of body mass on body dissatisfaction and revealed a significant quadratic component for boys, but not girls. Gender also moderated negative affect. DISCUSSION: Results support the assertion that certain sociocultural, biologic, and interpersonal factors increase the risk for body dissatisfaction, but differ for boys and girls. Results provided little support for other accepted risk factors for body dissatisfaction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prospective relations between social support and depression: differential direction of effects for parent and peer support?

The authors tested whether deficits in perceived social support predicted subsequent increases in depression and whether depression predicted subsequent decreases in social support with longitudinal data from adolescent girls (N = 496). Deficits in parental support but not peer support predicted future increases in depressive symptoms and onset of major depression. In contrast, initial depressive symptoms and major depression predicted future decreases in peer support but not parental support. Results are consistent with the theory that support decreases the risk for depression but suggest that this effect may be specific to parental support during early adolescence. Results are also consonant with the claim that depression promotes support erosion but imply that this effect may only occur with peer support during this period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prospective relations between bulimic pathology, depression, and substance abuse: unpacking comorbidity in adolescent girls.

To elucidate the processes that contribute to the comorbidity between bulimic pathology, depression, and substance abuse, the authors tested the temporal relations between these disturbances with prospective data from adolescent girls (N = 496). Multivariate analyses indicated that depressive symptoms predicted onset of bulimic pathology but not of substance abuse, bulimic symptoms predicted onset of depression but not of substance abuse, and substance abuse symptoms predicted onset of depression but not of bulimic pathology. Results suggest that the comorbidity arises because certain disorders are risk factors for the other disorders. Findings also provide support for select etiologic theories and further establish the clinical significance of these conditions by showing that they increase risk for onset of other psychiatric disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

A prospective test of the stress-buffering model of depression in adolescent girls: no support once again.

The stress-buffering model posits that social support mitigates the relation between negative life events and onset of depression, but prospective studies have provided little support for this assertion. The authors sought to provide a more sensitive test of this model by addressing certain methodological and statistical limitations of past studies with prospective data from 496 adolescent girls. Deficits in peer support predicted increases in depressive symptoms, and negative life events predicted onset of depressive pathology. However, none of the 14 prospective tests provided support for the stress-buffering model despite sufficient power. Results provide scant support for the stress-buffering model and suggest that it might be time to shift attention to alternative multivariate models concerning these risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Eating disorder prevention programs: a meta-analytic review.

This meta-analysis of eating disorder prevention programs found that intervention effects ranged from an absence of any effects to reductions in current and future eating pathology. Certain effects persisted as long as 2 years and were superior to minimal-intervention control conditions. Larger effects occurred for selected (vs. universal), interactive (vs. didactic), and multisession (vs. single session) programs; for programs offered solely to females and to participants over age 15; for programs without psychoeducational content; and for trials that used validated measures. The results identify promising prevention programs and delineate sample, format, and design features that are associated with larger effects, but they suggest the need for improved methodological rigor and statistical modeling of trials and enhanced theoretical rationale for interventions.

Feeding and Eating Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Body image and eating disturbances across ethnic groups: more similarities than differences.

Sociocultural models of eating pathology posit that ethnic minority groups should show fewer eating disturbances than Whites. Thus, the authors tested whether there were ethnic differences in eating disorder symptoms and risk factors for eating pathology and whether the relations between risk factors and eating pathology differed across ethnic groups, with data from adolescent and adult females (N = 785). Only 1 of the 14 tests of main effect differences between ethnic groups was significant and none of the 49 tests of whether ethnicity moderated the relations of risk factors to eating pathology were significant. Findings provide little support for the hypothesized ethnic differences in eating disturbances and suggest that ethnic minority groups have reached parity with Whites in this domain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Are dietary restraint scales valid measures of acute dietary restriction? Unobtrusive observational data suggest not.

The finding that dietary restraint scales predict onset of bulimic pathology has been interpreted as suggesting that dieting causes this eating disturbance, despite the dearth of evidence that these scales are valid measures of dietary restriction. The authors conducted 4 studies that tested whether dietary restraint scales were inversely correlated with unobtrusively measured caloric intake. These studies, which varied in foods consumed, settings, and populations, indicated that common dietary restraint scales were largely uncorrelated with acute caloric intake. Results suggest that these scales are not valid measures of short-term dietary restriction and imply that it may be prudent to reinterpret findings from studies thai use these scales, including those that suggest dietary restraint is a risk factor for bulimic pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Eating disorder diagnostic scale: additional evidence of reliability and validity.

The authors conducted 4 studies investigating the reliability and validity of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (HDDS; E. Stice, C. F. Telch, & S. L. Rizvi, 2000), a brief self-report measure for diagnosing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Study 1 found that the HDDS showed criterion validity with interview-based diagnoses, convergent validity with risk factors for eating pathology, and internal consistency. Studies 2 and 3 found that the EDDS was sufficiently sensitive to detect the effects of eating disorder prevention programs. Regarding predictive validity, Studies 3 and 4 found that the EDDS predicted response to a prevention program and future onset of eating pathology and depression. Results provide additional evidence of the reliability and validity of this scale and suggest it may be useful in clinical and research applications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prediction of outcome in bulimia nervosa by early change in treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to identify predictors of treatment response in bulimia nervosa and, in particular, to attempt to replicate and extend the observation that early change predicts outcome. METHOD: Predictors of response at the end of treatment and 8-month follow-up were sought from a group of 220 women treated with either cognitive behavior therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy. RESULTS: Early change in frequency of purging was the best predictor of response at the end of treatment and at 8-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Early change in treatment is a robust and potent predictor of immediate and longer-term outcome in bulimia nervosa.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed2003

Healthy weight control and dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs: results from a controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Because universal psychoeducational eating disorder prevention programs have had little success, we developed and evaluated two interventions for high-risk populations: a healthy weight control intervention and a dissonance-based intervention. METHOD: Adolescent girls (N = 148) with body image concerns were randomized to one of these interventions or to a waitlist control group. Participants completed baseline, termination, and 1, 3, and 6-month follow-up surveys. RESULTS: Participants in both interventions reported decreased thin-ideal internalization, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms at termination and follow-up relative to controls. However, no effects were observed for body dissatisfaction or dieting and effects diminished over time. DISCUSSION: Results provide evidence that both interventions effectively reduce bulimic pathology and risk factors for eating disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Adverse effects of social pressure to be thin on young women: an experimental investigation of the effects of "fat talk".

OBJECTIVE: Experiments have found that pressure to be thin from the media promotes body dissatisfaction and negative affect, but the effects of social pressure to be thin have not been examined experimentally. Thus, this study tested whether social pressure to be thin fosters body dissatisfaction and negative affect. METHOD: Young women (N = 120) were randomly assigned to a condition wherein an ultra-thin confederate complained about how fat she felt and voiced intentions to lose weight or a control condition wherein she discussed a neutral topic. RESULTS: Exposure to social pressure to be thin resulted in increased body dissatisfaction but not negative affect. The effects were not moderated by initial thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, or social support. DISCUSSION: Results support the assertion that peer pressure to be thin promotes body dissatisfaction but suggest that this factor may not contribute to negative affect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Prospective relations of body image, eating, and affective disturbances to smoking onset in adolescent girls: how Virginia slims.

This study tested whether body image, eating, and affective disturbances prospectively predicted onset of cigarette smoking in adolescent girls (N = 496). Elevated body dissatisfaction and eating pathology, as well as elevated negative affectivity, showed significant univariate relations to subsequent onset of smoking. In the multivariate model, the effect for body image and eating disturbances remained significant, but the effect for negative affectivity did not. Results support the theory that body image and eating disturbances markedly increase risk for smoking initiation in adolescent girls and further establish the clinical significance of these disturbances. Results also support the theory that negative affect is a risk factor for smoking initiation but suggest that the self-medication model may have less predictive power than previously concluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Dietary and dietary-depressive subtypes of bulimia nervosa show differential symptom presentation, social impairment, comorbidity, and course of illness.

Research suggests that women with bulimia nervosa can be classified into dietary and dietary-depressive subtypes and that the latter show greater eating pathology, social impairment, comorbidity, and treatment nonresponse. The authors sought to replicate this subtyping scheme with an independent sample and to generate further evidence for the validity of this distinction. Analysis revealed dietary and dietary-depressive subtypes and indicated that the latter reported more current eating pathology, social impairment, and treatment seeking as well as greater psychiatric comorbidity and bulimic symptom persistence over a 5-year follow-up. This subtyping scheme had stronger concurrent and predictive validity than the purging-nonpurging distinction. Results provide further evidence for the reliability and validity of this subtyping scheme and suggest it has important clinical implications.

Adult↗