Biomedical subjects

Eung Ho Choi

Publications and source records attributed to Eung Ho Choi.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

An unusual case with membranous lipodystrophy in a hypertensive patient with transepidermal elimination.

Membranous lipodystrophy represents a peculiar type of fat necrosis that is present in patients with various types of skin disease. It is characterized by the presence of microcysts and macrocysts and is lined by amorphous eosinophilic material with a crenelated arabesque appearance. These findings have been associated with lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, erythema nodosum, trauma, etc. We report a case of a 43-year-old woman who had a red to purple asymptomatic indurated plaque, approximately seven cm in diameter and on the left arm. She was a chronic hepatitis B antigen carrier and had hypertension for four years. Histopathology of the biopsied lesion showed transepidermal elimination of altered collagen and elastic fibers, as well as membranous lipodystrophy changes. There were hypertensive vascular changes including lymphohistiocytic infiltration around the vascular wall, swelling of endothelial cells, increased thickness of the vascular walls, and narrowing of the lumen. We report a case showing transepidermal elimination with membranous lipodystrophy. We carefully suggest that the secondary phenomenon of transepidermal elimination was associated with membranous lipodystrophy and degenerate connective tissues.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Is endogenous glycerol a determinant of stratum corneum hydration in humans?

Although stratum corneum (SC) hydration has been primarily of concern to the cosmetic industry, it serves an important biosensor function. In murine models, not only deiminated products of filaggrin-derived amino acids ("NMF") but also endogenous glycerol from circulation into the epidermis via aquaporin 3 channel and from triglyceride turnover in sebaceous glands (SG) are important determinants. We assessed here whether endogenous glycerol could also be linked to SC hydration in humans. SG-enriched sites are more hydrated than SG-impoverished sites, and SC hydration correlates with both sebum production and SC glycerol content, but the correlation is more significant for SC glycerol content than for sebum content. Moreover, gender-related differences in sebum content are not associated with altered SC hydration. SC hydration is also linked to SC glycerol content in SG-impoverished sites, suggesting a role for non-SG-derived (? from circulation) glycerol in SC hydration. Finally, short-term water immersion produces a parallel decline in SC hydration and SC glycerol content, with glycerol levels returning to normal over several hours. These results suggest that endogenous glycerol of both circulatory and SG origin comprises an H2O-extractable pool that influences SC hydration in humans. These results also provide a rationale for the development of glycerol-containing therapeutic moisturizers.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Membranous lipodystrophy-like changes in two cases of traumatic lipogranuloma caused by safety belts.

A few cases of subcutaneous nodules with the histological findings of membranous lipodystrophy-like changes have been reported in the literature. However, reports of membranous lipodystrophy-like changes caused by trauma are exceedingly rare. We report two cases of traumatic lipogranuloma that had linear and multiple lesions showing membranous lipodystrophy-like changes and were induced by safety belt trauma after a car accident. These patients showed peculiar changes in their subcutaneous fat and had linear patterned, multiple, nodular lesions with membranous lipodystrophy-like changes caused by trauma.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Unilateral xanthelasma forming a kissing-like lesion.

Xanthelasma is a common cutaneous xanthomatosis which occurs usually on the medial canthus in the upper or inferior palpebra. We describe a rare case of kissing xanthelasma which was unilateral at early onset.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2005

Trichostasis spinulosa arising within syringoma.

A forty-eight-year-old man presented with multiple pinhead to rice-sized papules on the face. Histopathologic examination showed a typical syringoma and dilated hair follicles containing several vellus hairs in the middle of a fibrotic stroma. We discuss the possible pathomechanism between these two conditions in the same lesion.

Facial Neoplasms↗

PubMed2005

Interactions among stratum corneum defensive functions.

With the exception of vitamin D production, virtually all epidermal functions can be considered as protective, or more specifically, as defensive in nature. Yet, the term "barrier function" of the stratum corneum (SC) is often used synonymously with only one such defensive function, although arguably its most important, i.e., permeability barrier homeostasis. Regardless of their hierarchy of relative importance, these critical protective functions largely reside in the SC. In this short review, we explore the ways in which the multiple defensive functions of the SC are linked and interrelated, either by their shared localization or by common biochemical processes.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Iontophoresis and sonophoresis stimulate epidermal cytokine expression at energies that do not provoke a barrier abnormality: lamellar body secretion and cytokine expression are linked to altered epidermal calcium levels.

We performed this study to identify whether the expression of epidermal cytokines is altered by changes in epidermal calcium content, independent of skin barrier disruption. Iontophoresis and sonophoresis with the energies that do not disrupt the skin barrier, but induce changes in the epidermal calcium gradient, were applied to the skin of hairless mice. Immediately after iontophoresis and sonophoresis, immersion in a solution containing calcium was carried out, and iontophoresis in either high- or low-calcium solutions was performed. The biopsy specimens were taken for real-time quantitative RT-PCR to detect changes in mRNA level of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor-beta in the epidermis and for immunohistochemical stain with primary antibodies to IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha. The expression of each cytokine mRNA increased in the epidermis treated with iontophoresis and sonophoresis compared to a nontreated control as well as in tape-stripped skin used as a positive control and was lower after immersion in a high-calcium solution than in low-calcium solution. IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha immunohistochemical protein staining increased with iontophoresis at low calcium. These studies suggest that changes in epidermal calcium can directly signal expression of epidermal cytokines in vivo, independent of changes in barrier function.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Dermatofibroma with sclerotic areas resembling a sclerotic fibroma of the skin.

BACKGROUND: Dermatofibromas are common benign tumors that occur as single or multiple nodules on the extremities in adults. Sclerotic fibroma of the skin (SFS) is a benign tumor characterized histopathologically by a well-demarcated, non-encapsulated dermal nodule composed of hypocellular, sclerotic collagen bundles with prominent clefts. The pathogenesis of these two conditions is still in dispute. METHODS: We present a case of dermatofibroma with sclerotic areas resembling a sclerotic fibroma of the skin and a review of the literature. RESULTS: The tumor showed a well-demarcated dermal, fibrocollagenous tumor with three different histopathological features. One-fourth of the lesion was consistent with dermatofibroma. Another area adjacent to dermatofibroma revealed hyalinized eosinophilic collagen bundles arranged in the characteristic interwoven pattern with prominent clefts, as is described in sclerotic fibroma of the skin. One-half of the lesion between the dermatofibroma and sclerotic fibroma showed transitional changes from dermatofibroma to sclerotic fibroma. CONCLUSION: According to these findings, the possibility that sclerotic fibroma is an ancient or degenerated stage of dermatofibroma cannot be completely ruled out, but some authors still consider that dermatofibroma and sclerotic fibroma of the skin are completely different neoplasms.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Intratumoral fat in neurofibroma.

Three cases of a solitary neurofibroma showing focal fatty changes are reported. Fatty changes in a neurofibroma are rarely observed and have not been reported, and also, the pathogenesis of neurofibroma has not been clarified. We postulate that the fatty changes in a neurofibroma may be the result of so-called senescent change or chronic injury. The origin of adipose cells may be attributable to fatty infiltration from abutting tissues or to a metaplasia of tumor cells or resident fibroblasts.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2002

Clinical manifestations of hand eczema compared by etiologic classification and irritation reactivity to SLS.

Hand eczema is a common skin disease. Because of its variable etiologies and clinical manifestations, it is difficult to determine the etiology from the clinical manifestation. Among the contact allergens, nickel is the most common. Patients with hand eczema and a nickel allergy have a poorer prognosis than patients without a nickel allergy. The reason is still uncertain; suggestions include persistent exposure to nickel or a weak skin barrier. The purpose of our study was to identify the characteristic clinical manifestations by etiology and to compare the skin barrier state between patients with nickel allergies and those without them. Ninety-three patients were classified into 4 types; irritation contact type, allergic contact type, atopic type and mixed type. After the sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) test to compare the skin barrier state, visual score and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured and analyzed statistically. From this study, it was not possible to ascertain a statistical difference, however a few characteristic clinical manifestations according to etiology can be stated. There was no difference in the visual scoring system or the TEWL after the SLS irritation test between the nickel-allergy group and the non-allergy group. Therefore, we believe that the poor prognosis of hand eczema with nickel allergy may be due to the nickel allergy itself rather than skin barrier state.

Adolescent↗