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Biomedical subjects

Eva Negri

Publications and source records attributed to Eva Negri.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Dietary intake of carotenoids and retinol and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Carotenoids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease through their antioxidant properties, but the results of epidemiological studies are controversial. We analysed the relation between the intake of selected carotenoids and retinol and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in Milan, Italy, in 1995-2003. Cases were 760 patients with nonfatal AMI, and controls 682 patients admitted to hospital. RESULTS: The risk of AMI decreased with increasing intake of alpha-carotene (odds ratios, OR = 0.71, 95% confidence intervals, CI 0.51-0.98, for the highest vs the lowest quartile of intake), beta-carotene (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.50-1.01) and beta-criptoxanthin (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.88). No associations emerged for total carotenoids, lycopene, lutein plus zeaxanthin and retinol. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests a weak protective effect of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and beta-criptoxanthin on the risk of AMI. It also indicates that total carotenoids, lycopene, lutein plus zeaxanthin and retinol were not related to the risk of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Onion and garlic use and human cancer.

BACKGROUND: Interest in the potential benefits of allium vegetables, in particular, onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum), has its origin in antiquity, but the details of these benefits are still open to discussion. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of allium vegetables in the etiology of various neoplasms. Previous data are scanty and are based mainly on Chinese studies. DESIGN: Using data from an integrated network of Italian and Swiss case-control studies, we analyzed the relation between frequency of onion and garlic use and cancer at several sites. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) by using multivariate logistic regression models that were adjusted for energy intake and other major covariates. RESULTS: Consumption of onions varied between 0-14 and 0-22 portions/wk among cases and controls, respectively. The multivariate ORs for the highest category of onion and garlic intake were, respectively, 0.16 and 0.61 for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, 0.12 and 0.43 for esophageal cancer, 0.44 and 0.74 for colorectal cancer, 0.17 and 0.56 for laryngeal cancer, 0.75 and 0.90 for breast cancer, 0.27 and 0.78 for ovarian cancer, 0.29 and 0.81 for prostate cancer, and 0.62 and 0.69 for renal cell cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This uniquely large data set from southern European populations shows an inverse association between the frequency of use of allium vegetables and the risk of several common cancers. Allium vegetables are a favorable correlate of cancer risk in Europe.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Individuals diagnosed with skin cancer have elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and those with non-Hodgkin lymphoma have excess rates of various types of skin cancers. Sunshine and other sources of ultraviolet radiation are major risk factors for skin cancer, and hence a potential common link between skin cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We analyzed the relationship between occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma using data from a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy between 1985 and 1997. Cases were 446 patients with histologically confirmed incident non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and controls were 1295 patients admitted to hospital for acute non-neoplastic, non-immunological conditions. The multivariate odds ratios were computed after allowance for age, sex, area of residence, education and smoking. The odds ratio for patients reporting ever ultraviolet exposure at work was 1.01 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.43) and 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.72-1.49) for exposure longer than 10 years. The odds ratio was 1.09 for manual workers and 0.79 for farmers exposed to ultraviolet radiation, compared with those with other occupations not exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Our study found no association between occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Aspirin and the risk of prostate cancer.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that aspirin may have a protective effect against prostate cancer, but the evidence is still limited and inconsistent. The role of aspirin in prostate cancer risk was analysed in a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002, including 1261 incident cases of carcinoma of the prostate and 1131 hospital controls. A total of 115 (9.1%) cases versus 90 (8.0%) controls reported regular aspirin use. The multivariate odds ratio (OR) for regular aspirin users was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.81-1.50). No relation was found with duration of use (OR = 1.03 for <5 years, and 1.17 for > or =5 years) and time since first use (OR = 1.03 for <10 years, and 1.35 for > or =10 years). These findings do not support a protective role of regular aspirin use on prostate cancer risk.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Pizza consumption and the risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer.

Pizza has been favourably related to the risk of prostate cancer in North America. Scanty information, however, is available on sex hormone-related cancer sites. We therefore studied the role of pizza consumption on the risk of breast, ovarian and prostate cancers using data from three hospital-based case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. These included 2569 women with breast cancer, 1031 with ovarian cancer, 1294 men with prostate cancer, and a total of 4864 controls. Compared with non-pizza eaters, the multivariate odds ratios for eaters were 0.97 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-1.10) for breast, 1.06 (95% CI 0.89-1.26) for ovarian and 1.04 (95% CI 0.88-1.23) for prostate cancer. Corresponding estimates for regular eaters (i.e. > or =1 portion per week) were 0.92 (95% CI 0.78-1.08), 1.00 (95% CI 0.80-1.25) and 1.12 (95% CI 0.88-1.43), respectively. Our results do not show a relevant role of pizza on the risk of sex hormone-related cancers. The difference with selected studies from North America suggests that dietary and lifestyle correlates of pizza eating vary between different populations and social groups.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Type of alcoholic beverage and the risk of laryngeal cancer.

A few studies have investigated whether the risk of laryngeal cancer depends on the types of alcoholic beverage consumed, providing conflicting results. We investigated this issue using the data from two case-control studies conducted in Italy between 1986 and 2000. These included 672 cases of laryngeal cancer and 3454 hospital controls, admitted for acute, non-neoplastic conditions, unrelated to smoking and alcohol consumption. Significant trends in risk were found for total alcohol intake, with multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of 1.12 for drinkers of 3-4 drinks/day, 2.43 for 5-7, 3.65 for 8-11, and 4.83 for > 12 drinks/day, as compared to abstainers or light drinkers. Corresponding ORs for wine drinkers were 1.12, 2.45, 3.29 and 5.91. After allowance was made for wine intake, the ORs for beer drinkers were 1.65 for 1-2 drinks/day, and 1.36 for > or = 3 drinks/day, as compared to non-beer drinkers; corresponding values for spirits drinkers were 0.88 and 1.15. This study thus indicates that in the Italian population characterized by frequent wine consumption, wine is the beverage most strongly related to the risk of laryngeal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Genital and urinary tract diseases and prostate cancer risk.

The objectives of this study were to investigate whether venereal diseases, prostatic and urinary infections, and other selected conditions of the genital and urinary tracts may have a role in the development of prostate cancer. We analysed data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted between 1985 and 1992 in Italy, including 280 cases of prostatic cancer and 689 controls, hospitalized for acute, non-neoplastic, non-genital or urinary tract conditions. We calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using unconditional multiple logistic regression. The odds ratios of prostate cancer were 0.64 for history of selected venereal diseases, 0.53 for prostatitis, 0.67 for benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1.53 for urinary tract stones and 1.76 for cystitis. No relationship, however, was observed for cystitis>or=5 years before prostate cancer. The present study, based on satisfactorily reproducible information on medical history, did not found any association between genital and urinary tract diseases and prostate cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Family history of hemolymphopoietic and other cancers and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

We investigated the risk of lymphomas, hemolymphopoietic (HLP) cancers (including lymphomas), and non-HLP cancers in first-degree relatives of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases in an Italian case-control study on 225 patients (median age, 59 years) with a new diagnosis of NHL and 504 hospital controls (median age, 63 years), admitted for a wide spectrum of acute, nonneoplastic, nonimmune conditions. We estimated odds ratios (OR) adjusted for sex, age, family size, and other potential confounders. We also built the cohort of all first-degree relatives and computed age and sex adjusted hazard ratios (HR) using proportional hazard models. A history of lymphoma in first-degree relatives was reported by 5 NHL cases and 3 controls [OR, 3.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.7-14.4] whereas 14 cases and 11 controls reported a family history of HLP cancers (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2-7.0). The HR of relatives of NHL cases, compared with relatives of controls, was 4.5 (95% CI, 1.1-18.8) for lymphomas, 3.5 (95% CI, 1.5-7.4) for HLP cancers, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) for all cancers, and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.9-1.1) for all causes of deaths. The HRs were higher for relatives of NHL cases diagnosed before the age of 50 years: 7.1 for HLP cancers, 2.0 for all cancers, and 1.6 for all deaths. A family history of cancer of the liver (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2), breast (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-3.6), and kidney (OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.0-20.9) increased NHL risk. The OR was also elevated for all cancer sites (OR, 1.7 95% CI, 1.2-2.4) and the risk increased with the number of affected relatives also when HLP cancers were excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Flavonoids and colorectal cancer in Italy.

Because of their several biological activities, flavonoids may have an important role in explaining the protective effects of vegetables, fruit, and, possibly, tea against cancer. The potential relation between flavonoids and colorectal cancer risk was investigated using data from a multicentric Italian case-control study, including 1,953 cases of colorectal cancers (1,225 colon cancers and 728 rectal cancers) and 4,154 hospital controls admitted for acute nonneoplastic diseases. We have applied recently published data on the composition of foods and beverages, in terms of six principal classes of flavonoids, on dietary information collected through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated by multiple logistic regression models, including terms for sex, age, study center, family history of colorectal cancer, education, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity, and energy intake. A reduced risk of colorectal cancer was found for increasing intake of isoflavones (OR, 0.76, for the highest versus the lowest quintile, P(trend) = 0.001), anthocyanidins (OR, 0.67, P(trend) < 0.001), flavones (OR, 0.78, P(trend) = 0.004), and flavonols (OR, 0.64, P(trend) < 0.001). No significant association was found for flavan-3-ols (OR, 0.98), flavanones (OR, 0.96), and total flavonoids (OR, 0.97). The estimates did not substantially differ for colon and rectal cancers, as well as in strata of sex, age, and body mass index. The findings of this large study provide support for an inverse association of selected classes of flavonoids with colorectal cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Family history of cancer and the risk of renal cell cancer.

Only scant information is available on the association between family history of kidney cancer and risk of renal cell cancer (RCC), particularly as concerns the variation of the risk according to sex, age, and type of relative or the association of family history of other cancers with RCC. We thus investigated the issue using data from a large multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy between 1992 and 2004 on 767 patients (494 men and 273 women) under age 80 years, with incident, histologically confirmed RCC, and 1,534 controls under age 80 years, admitted to hospital for a wide spectrum of acute, nonneoplastic conditions and frequency matched 2:1 to cases by center, sex, and age. Conditional logistic regression models, conditioned on center, sex, and age and adjusted for year of interview, smoking, body mass index, and number of brothers and sisters were used to estimate odds ratios (OR). Eighteen RCC and 8 controls reported a family history of kidney cancer in one first-degree relative [OR, 5.2; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.2-12.2]. No significant heterogeneity emerged according to sex or age of the proband or of the affected relative, or smoking habits, body mass index, and history of hypertension of the proband. Although not significant, the OR was higher when the affected relative was a sibling (OR, 7.0; 95% CI, 1.8-27.7) rather than a parent or child (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.5-12.9), as suggested from previous studies. The OR of RCC was also significantly elevated for a family history of prostate cancer (OR, 1.9), leukemias (OR, 2.2), or any cancer (OR, 1.5).

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Intake of selected micronutrients and the risk of surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case-control study from Italy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and intake of selected micronutrients. METHODS: A multicentric case-control study was conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002. Cases were 1369 men with histologically confirmed, surgically treated BPH and controls were 1451 men younger than 75 yr, frequency matched by quinquennium of age and study center, admitted to the hospital for acute nonneoplastic diseases. Information was collected by trained interviewers using a structured validated food-frequency questionnaire. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risk of BPH significantly decreased with increasing intake of carotene (OR=0.80 for an increment equal to the difference between the 80th and 20th percentile of intake), alpha-carotene (OR=0.83), beta-carotene (OR=0.82), and cis beta-carotene (OR=0.82) and tended to decrease with the intake of vitamin C (OR=0.89) and iron (OR=0.79). The OR tended to increase with the intake of sodium (OR=1.30) and zinc (OR=1.10). No systematic heterogeneity was observed across strata of age, education, and body mass index. No meaningful associations emerged for other antioxidants, such as folic acid, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, vitamin E, vitamin D, nor for retinol. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a protective effect of carotene on the risk of BPH. The risk tended to decrease also with the intake of vitamin C and iron and tended to increase with the intake of sodium and zinc. Results also indicate that other antioxidants, including folic acid, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and vitamins D and E, and retinol were not related to the risk for this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Influenza vaccine in healthy children: a meta-analysis.

We conducted a meta-analysis of 13 randomised clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of influenza vaccine in healthy children. Against culture-confirmed influenza the overall efficacy was 74% (95% confidence interval, CI, 57%-84%), 65% for inactivated and 80% for live-attenuated vaccine. Corresponding figures were 59% (95% CI 43%-71%), 63% and 54% for serologically-confirmed influenza, and 33% (95% CI 29%-36%), 33% and 34% for clinical illness. Influenza vaccine is effective in preventing laboratory-confirmed and clinical influenza in healthy children, with no clear difference between inactivated and live-attenuated vaccine. Data on infants and younger children were too scanty to allow separate assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Family history of cancer and the risk of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

We analysed the relation between family history of cancer in first-degree relatives and risk of prostate cancer (PC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy from 1991 to 2002 on 1,294 cases of incident, histologically confirmed PC, 1,369 cases of BPH and 1,451 men admitted to the same network of hospitals for acute, nonneoplastic conditions. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) of PC and BPH, adjusted for age and other confounders. Men with a family history of PC had an OR of PC of 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-6.5), and the risk was higher when the proband was younger, when 2 or more relatives were affected or when the affected relative was a brother. The risk of PC was also increased in men with a family history of cancer of the ovary (OR = 6.2, 95% CI 1.2-32), bladder (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.6-7.4) and kidney (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.1-8.5). An involvement of breast/ovarian cancer predisposition genes in a small proportion of PCs was suggested by the cluster of these cancers in female relatives of a few PC cases. The risk of BPH was increased in men with a family history of bladder cancer (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-5.0) but not PC (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.7-2.2). Our study adds further information on the association of family history of cancer and risk of PC and is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive epidemiologic information on family history of cancer and risk of BPH.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Lifetime physical activity and prostate cancer risk.

The purpose of our study was to investigate the relation in between physical activity in different periods of life at work and in leisure-time and prostate cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study on prostate cancer in Italy between 1991 and 2002, which included 1,294 incident cases of histologically confirmed prostate cancer below 75 years of age and 1,451 controls, who were admitted to hospital for acute nonneoplastic conditions. Odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer according to physical activity in different periods of life were obtained by unconditional multiple logistic regression models, including terms for age, study centre, education, social class, body mass index, energy intake, family history and other selected covariates. Compared to the lowest level of occupational physical activity, the multivariate ORs for prostate cancer for the highest level were 0.94 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.75-1.17) at age 15-19, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.97) at age 30-39 and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.61-0.93) at age 50-59. A significant inverse trend in risk was found for activity at work at ages 30-39 and 50-59. The inverse associations were consistent in strata of age at diagnosis, body mass index, education and social class. No significant association was found for leisure-time physical activity. The inverse association between occupational physical activity and prostate cancer risk may reflect favorable hormonal correlates of physical activity, but residual confounding by socioeconomic covariates cannot be excluded.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Hormone replacement therapy and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies, but not clinical trials, found lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users. We analyzed the relation between HRT use and the risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Italy. METHODS: We used a combined dataset from three hospital-based case-control studies including a total of 479 women aged > or =45 years with a first episode of nonfatal AMI and 822 hospital controls. RESULTS: Compared to never-HRT users, the multivariate odds ratio in ever users was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.2); no consistent pattern of risk was observed according to duration or time since last use. CONCLUSIONS: HRT use was not associated with nonfatal AMI in Italian women according to the findings of clinical trials.

Age Distribution↗