Biomedical subjects

Ewa Gonera

Publications and source records attributed to Ewa Gonera.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Salmonellosis in Poland in 2003].

Total number of salmonellosis cases sharply decreased. In 2003, 16 617 cases were reported (20 688 in previous year), incidence rate = 43.5 per 100 000 population. 72.7% of patients were hospitalized, but percentage of hospitalized cases with extraintestinal manifestations was much higher--above 90%. The seasonal peak was observed as in previous years in July and August. The most frequent isolated type remained Salmonella Enteritidis--above 85% of cases. Only three other serotypes (Hadar, Typhimurium and Infantis) were detected in all of 16 voivodeships of Poland. The age, sex, urban/rural distribution of salmonellosis cases remains stable; the highest incidence was registered among children aged 2 (425.5/100 000). Extraintestinal manifestations of salmonellosis (septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia peritonitis and other) were observed in 121 patients (the highest number since 1994).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Salmonellosis in Poland in 2002].

Total number of salmonellosis cases slightly increased. In 2002, 20,688 cases were reported (19,881 in previous year), incidence rate = 54.1 per 100,000 population. 68% of patients were hospitalized, but percentage of hospitalized cases with extraintestinal manifestations was much higher--above 91%. The seasonal peak was observed as in previous year in July and August. Since 1995 (when Salmonella strains were isolated in 91% patients) decreasing trend in confirmation of clinical diagnosis is observed. The most frequent isolated type remained Salmonella Enteritidis--above 86% of cases. Only four other serotypes (Typhimurium, Hadar, Virchow and Infantis) were detected in all of 16 voivodeships of Poland. The age, sex, urban/rural distribution of salmonellosis cases remains stable; the highest incidence was registered among children aged 2 (474.0/100,000). Extraintestinal manifestations of salmonellosis (septicaemia, meningitis, pneumonia peritonitis and other) were observed in 113 patients (the highest number since 1994).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Dysentery in Poland in 2002].

The notified number of dysentery cases was still very low, but a little higher than in 2001. Only 220 cases were notified in the year 2002 (incidence 0.58/100,000 population) while 128 cases were notified in 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000). No one death case was notified. Four outbreaks of dysentery were observed: among them one foodborne infection due to S. sonnei involving 109 participants of a summer holiday camp for children from the poor families and one due to S. flexneri 2a involving 16 patients of psychiatric hospital were registered. S. sonnei remains the dominant etiological agent was isolated in 92% of notified dysentery cases and S. flexneri was isolated only in 8% of cases. S. dysenteriae and S. boydii were not found among persons examined bacteriologically by laboratory service of Epidemiological and Sanitary Service. Two tests of the external control of laboratory diagnosis were performed: one concerning the quality of the selective media used in the Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations (SSE) in Poland for routine bacteriological diagnosis of humans intestinal infections. It was shown that the specimens of the SS medium were acceptable only for diagnosis of S. enteritidis infections. In nearly 1/3 of SSE bacteriological laboratories was inefficient for diagnosis of S. flexneri infections and in some laboratories even not for diagnosis of infections due to S. typhi and S. sonnei. In another test the control strain of S. boydii 6 was send to SSE laboratories. The strain was properly diagnosed by all but two laboratories. Besides it was shown that the control strain was not able to grow on selective bacteriological media used for routine work. So there is a need to change the procedure used in those laboratories. In the period of low frequency of Shigella infections the external control of the quality of bacteriological media and laboratory procedures is needed and should be done regularly.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Salmonellosis in Poland in 2001].

Total number of salmonellosis cases has been gradually falling down since the year 1988. In 2001, 19,881 cases were reported to the sanitary epidemiological stations, incidence rate = 51.5 per 100,000 population (22,799 in the previous year). Over 52% of patients were hospitalized, but percentage of cases with extraintestinal manifestations was higher--over 88%. The seasonal peak was noted in July and August, which was two months later than in 2000. The decreasing trend in confirmation of clinical diagnosis can be observed since 1995 when Salmonella strains were isolated in 91% of patients, but in 2000 only 66% of cases were bacteriologically confirmed. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most frequent type: 88% of cases and 69% of infected healthy persons. Only four other serotypes (Typhimurium, Infantis, Hadar and Virchow) were identified in all of 16 voivodeship of Poland. The age, sex, urban/rural distribution of salmonellosis remain stable. The highest incidence was registered among children one year old (423/100,000). Extraintestinal manifestations of salmonellosis (septicaemia, meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, appendicitis and other), were observed in 93 patients with at least one non-fecal specimen culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. In older patients, other diseases like carcinoma, leukaemia, lupus erythematosus, contributed to Salmonella infection. Twelve of those patients died.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Dysentery in Poland in 2001].

The notified number of dysentery cases is still very low, similar to the number reported in 2000. Only 128 cases were notified in the year 2001 (incidence 0.33/100,000 population) while 121 cases were notified in 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000). No death due to dysentery was notified. The last three death cases were notified in 1999. Only one outbreak of foodborne infection due to S. sonnei involving 28 patients was registered, less than in 2000 when 2 outbreaks, one due to S. flexneri and one due to S. sonnei, and less than in 1999, when four outbreaks involving 146 patients were registered. S. sonnei remains the dominant etiological agent. It was isolated in 91% of notified dysentery cases and S. flexneri was isolated only in 10% of cases. S. dysenteriae and S. boydii were not found among persons examined bacteriologically by laboratory service of Epidemiological and Sanitary Stations. The external control of selective media used in 37 laboratories for routine bacteriological diagnosis of humans intestinal infections in the Sanitary--Epidemiological Stations (SSE) in Poland was performed. It was shown that the quality of the Mac Conkey medium was adequate for all 4 bacterial strains checked: S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis. All specimens of the SS medium were acceptable only for diagnosis of S. Enteritidis infections. The quality of media used in nearly 1/3 of SSE bacteriological laboratories was inadequate for diagnosis of S. flexneri infections and in some laboratories even not sufficient for diagnosis of infections due to S. Typhi and S. sonnei. In the period of low frequency of Shigella infections the external control of the quality of bacteriological media and laboratory procedures is needed and should be done regularly.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Salmonellosis in Poland in 2000].

In 2000, 22,799 cases of salmonellosis were reported to the sanitary epidemiological stations, incidence rate = 59.0 per 100,000 population. Above 65% of patients were hospitalized. The seasonal peak was noted in May and June. Most of cases (70%) were laboratory confirmed by isolation Salmonella strains types. Salmonella Enteriditis was the most frequent type: 91% of cases and 70% of infected healthy persons. Other serotypes--Typhimurium, Infantis, Hadar and Virchow, caused 5% Salmonella cases only. Seven types not registered in the country up to 2000 were identified (S. Bargny, Kimuenza, Kisii, Limete, Nitra, Rissen, Winterthur). The most affected age group were children under five (337.3/100,000). The most serious clinical syndromes and extraintestinal manifestations like septicaemia, arthritis, meningitis, osteomyelitis pneumonia and other, were observed in 87 patients with at least one non-fecal specimen culture-positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella. In older patients, other diseases like carcinoma, leukaemia, lupus erythematosus, contributed to Salmonella infection. Twelve of those patients had died.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Dysentery in Poland in 2000].

The notified number of dysentery cases is still falling down since the year 1995 when bacteriological examination of feces for diagnostic purposes lost free of charge status obtained in 1928 under the legislation act of infectious disease investigation and obligatory registration. Only 121 dysentery cases were notified in the year 2000 (incidence 0.31/100,000 population), while 292 cases were notified in 1999 (incidence 0.76/100,000). No one death case was notified. Only 2 outbreaks (one due to S. flexneri 4a and one due to S. sonnei), both involving 26 patients, were notified in 2000, less than in 1999 when four outbreaks involving 146 patients were registered. In the year 2000, S. sonnei was the dominant etiological agent in 80% of notified dysentery cases and S. flexneri only in 20% of cases was the next. S. dysenteriae 3 was found only in one patient S. boydii in no one. All Shigella strains were susceptible to nitrofurans (ex.nifuroxaside), gentamicin, nalidixic acid, cefotaxime, and imipenem. Only two strains, including the one important from India, were susceptible to co-trimoxasole, but not to doxycycline.

Adolescent↗