Comment on: Acute cytomegalovirus infection and venous thrombosis: role of antiphospholipid antibodies.
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Acute Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
Eyal Meltzer
Publications and source records attributed to Eyal Meltzer.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections.
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Albendazole↗
Fulminant vasculitis: a rare fatal complication of lymphoma.
Vasculitis is rarely associated with lymphoma; however, most cases associated with lymphoma are cutaneous. Systemic vasculitis in association with lymphoma is usually an indolent and non-fatal complication. Two patients presented to our department with fulminant vasculitis with a fatal course and were later diagnosed with lymphoma. A search of the literature for systemic fulminant vasculitis in association with lymphoma disclosed eight case reports. We suggest that lymphoma should be considered as a possible etiology in patients with fulminant systemic vasculitis. The therapeutic implications of such an association are discussed.
Aged↗
Lipoid pneumonia: a preventable complication.
BACKGROUND: Lipoid pneumonia is a pneumonitis resulting from the aspiration of lipids, and is commonly associated with the use of mineral oil as a laxative. LP is relatively unfamiliar to clinicians and is probably underdiagnosed. OBJECTIVES: To increase physicians' awareness of LP, its diagnosis and prevention. METHODS: We present two illustrative cases of LP and review the literature. RESULTS: Two cases of LP were diagnosed within half a year in an internal medicine ward. Both cases were elderly patients, and LP was associated with the use of mineral oil as a laxative agent. Computerized tomography revealed bilateral low attenuation infiltrates, associated with a "crazy paving" pattern in one case. Sudan Black staining was diagnostic in both cases--in one on a transbronchial biopsy specimen, and in the other on sputum cytologic examination. Both patients suffered from neurologic diseases and were at risk of aspiration. In both cases clinical symptoms and signs continued for several months prior to diagnosis but resolved after the mineral oil was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: LP often occurs in elderly patients who are at risk of aspiration. The condition may be underdiagnosed. Since in most cases mineral oil cathartics are the causative agent, an effort at primary prevention is indicated. It is suggested that the licensing of mineral oil for internal use be changed.
Aged↗
Epidemiology and clinical aspects of enteric fever in Israel.
Enteric fever decreased in Israel in the last 50 years, but its current epidemiology is unknown. In a nationwide study, we evaluated all cases of enteric fever from 1995 to 2003. On hundred thirty-six cases met the case definition. During the period studied, the incidence of enteric fever decreased from 0.42 to 0.23/100,000. A total of 57.4% of the cases were acquired abroad. The incidence of endemic enteric fever was 2.7 times higher in Arabs than in Jews. In Arabs, Salmonella Typhi was the causative agent in all cases, and almost all cases were endemic. In Jews, most cases were imported, with a decrease in imported S. typhi, cases and an increase in imported S. Paratyphi A cases. Salmonella Paratyphi B was endemic, and restricted to the Jewish population. The reasons for the difference in causative agents along ethnic lines need further evaluation. A more efficient vaccine for travelers that includes S. Paratyphi A is needed.
Adolescent↗
Pathogenesis and management of diabetic dyslipidemia.
Patients with diabetes mellitus have a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease, which are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. Several epidemiological studies have shown an association between diabetic dyslipidemia, which is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, postprandial lipemia and small, dense low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) particles, and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Other studies have established the beneficial effects of lipid lowering on the reduction of major coronary events in diabetic patients. The recent National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines emphasize diabetes as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent. The NCEP ATP III states that elevated LDL-C is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, and the primary goal of risk-reduction therapy is the reduction of LDL-C levels to 100 mg/dL. This article defines and describes diabetic dyslipidemia and its etiology and pathogenesis, as well as reviewing guidelines and recommendations for treatment of this disorder. Treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia includes 1) lifestyle modifications: physical activity and a diet low in saturated fats and cholesterol and high in complex carbohydrates and fiber; and 2) pharmacological treatment with (i) oral antihyperglycemic agents: metformin and thiazolidinediones; (ii) weight reduction drugs: orlistat and sibutramine and; (iii) lipid-lowering drugs: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, fibric acid derivatives, nicotinic acid, and bile acid sequestrants.
Arteriosclerosis↗
[Caring for illegal immigrants within the public hospital: the need for an urgent solution].
There are a quarter of a million or more foreign laborers that work in Israel. Most of these foreign laborers lack a work permit and medical insurance. Hence, this population has low access to ambulatory medical care, with obvious consequences. When being treated in the public hospital, these illegal immigrants and the doctors caring for them face many problems, both practical and ethical. We review a number of cases illustrating some of these problems, and the danger they present to the work ethics and integrity of the public medical facility.
Emigration and Immigration↗
[Bezoars: from ancient talismans to modern disease].
Bezoars are concretions of foreign materials that are created in the intestinal tract of various animals and humans. They have been known to western medicine since ancient times, when they were used for countering and preventing poisoning. In modern times bezoars were described as an unusual cause for various gastrointestinal symptoms. Trichobezoars are an infrequent form of bezoar, formed from ingested hair. We present a case of a trichobezoar, which appeared as a large abdominal mass, with gastric bleeding, ulceration and perforation. As in most previously reported cases, the diagnosis was not made on clinical grounds prior to imaging studies.
Adolescent↗
The clinical manifestations of lithium intoxication.
BACKGROUND: Lithium has been a part of the psychiatric pharmacopoeia for more than half a century. Its efficacy is marred by a narrow therapeutic index and significant toxicity. OBJECTIVES: To increase physicians' awareness of the various manifestations of lithium intoxication. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of cases of lithium poisoning occurring in a municipal hospital during a 10 year period. RESULTS: Eight patient records were located. The mortality rate was 12.5%. All patients were women and the mean age was 66.4 years. The most common symptoms were neurologic. One illustrative case is described in detail with lithium serum levels showing the usual two-phase decline. CONCLUSIONS: Lithium poisoning can present in many forms. Increased physician awareness and the early use of effective treatment, mainly hemodialysis, will prevent mortality and protracted morbidity associated with this condition.
Aged↗
[Ivermectin and the treatment of outbreaks of scabies in medical facilities].
In cramped facilities, including hospital wards and nursing homes, secondary spread of scabies to staff and patients can be widespread. This is frequently facilitated by a delay in diagnosis, which is not infrequent in elderly and immune compromised patients. A particular problem is presented in cases of crusted scabies--a form of hyperinfection. The common topical treatments for scabies share several drawbacks including compliance, slow regression of symptoms and failure with non-meticulous application. In crusted scabies treatment failure is not infrequent. Ivermectin is a drug effective against various ecto and endo-parasites. We describe 2 typical cases of crusted scabies, one leading to an outbreak of scabies in a medical ward and another that was treated with Ivermectin. An evidence-based review of the literature shows Ivermectin to be at least as effective as topical treatment, with the advantages of the ease in treating large populations, good compliance and safety. Approval of this drug for this indication should be considered.
Adult↗
Enteric fever in Israeli travelers: a nationwide study.
BACKGROUND: Enteric fever (EF) has become a travel-related disease in industrialized countries. The possible effects of vaccination on typhoid epidemiology in travelers are unknown. We compared the incidence and clinical and microbiologic findings in travelers returning with EF, according to pretravel vaccination status and vaccine type. METHODS: We performed a nationwide descriptive analysis of EF incidence in Israeli travelers; EF is a notified disease in Israel. Data from 1995 through 2003 were evaluated; all cases of EF acquired during recent travel (6 wk) were included. From 1995 to 1999, the Ty21a oral vaccine was used exclusively in Israel. It was replaced with the Vi vaccine from 2000 to 2003. Patients with pretravel typhoid vaccination were compared with unvaccinated patients, and according to vaccine type. RESULTS: Seventy-eight cases met our criteria. The causative agents were Salmonella typhi in 79.5% and Salmonella paratyphi A in 20.5%; 74.4% were acquired by travelers to the Indian Subcontinent. S. paratyphi A accounted for 10.5% of cases among Ty21a vaccinees as compared with 47.4% among Vi vaccinees (p = .02). For the Indian Subcontinent, the general attack rate of S. typhi and S. paratyphi A during the period of vaccination with Ty21a was 2.37 in 10,000 and 0.26 in 10,000 travelers, respectively, whereas during the period of vaccination with Vi, the attack rate was 1.40 in 10,000 and 0.79 in 10,000. There were no deaths; however, more complications and relapses occurred in the S. paratyphi A group. CONCLUSIONS: Among Israeli travelers S. typhi infection is declining whereas S. paratyphi A is increasing, with most cases occurring in vaccinated travelers. Prior typhoid vaccination did not modify the course of the disease. S. paratyphi A infection in travelers is not milder than S. typhi infection. Although this is not a prospective, controlled, randomized trial, it appears that the Ty21a vaccine may be less effective for S. typhi but may offer some protection against S. paratyphi A. Sequential vaccination with the available oral and Vi vaccine may merit consideration. A more effective vaccine for S. typhi and S. paratyphi A is urgently needed.
Chi-Square Distribution↗