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Biomedical subjects

F A Boop

Publications and source records attributed to F A Boop.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The subarachnoid spaces in craniosynostosis.

A review of 85 patients with various forms of craniosynostosis showed predictable patterns of dilatation of the subarachnoid spaces in regions of compensatory skull growth. The characteristic pattern in sagittal synostosis (43 patients) included dilatation of the frontal and occipital subarachnoid spaces associated with the elongation of the anteroposterior dimension of the skull and widening of the interhemispheric fissure. In 11 patients with unilateral coronal synostosis, dilatations of the subarachnoid spaces over the contralateral frontal lobe, the sylvian regions, and the ipsilateral temporal lobe tip were consistent with the skull changes of contralateral frontal bossing, increased bitemporal dimension, and elevation of the sphenoid wing, respectively. Four patients with bilateral coronal synostosis also had enlarged subarachnoid spaces high over the convexities of the brain consistent with the towering configuration of the skull. Four patients with true lambdoid synostosis had dilatation of the subarachnoid space only over the ipsilateral frontal lobe associated with compensatory bossing of the frontal bone. Ten of 14 patients with lambdoid deformities had bilateral enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces suggesting brain atrophy and an underlying motor delay accounting for the position-induced skull changes. The findings suggest that focal hydrodynamic mechanisms are involved in the compensatory skull changes seen in craniosynostosis.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1992

Diagnosis and management of the tethered cord syndrome.

Tethering of the spinal cord can occur from a thickened filum terminale, scarring due to myelomeningocele repair, lipomas or diastematomyelia. The typical presentation is a lumbar cutaneous defect, enuresis, unexplained back or leg pain, foot deformities, leg length discrepancies or scoliosis. Spinal ultrasound in neonates and MRI in older children offers ready diagnosis. With laser and microneurosurgical techniques, repair of these defects is safe and effective. The authors recommend that any infant having a mid-line lumbar cutaneous abnormality, such as a hemangioma, lipoma, hair patch or dimple, be evaluated to rule out tethering of the spinal cord.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a medulloblastoma with isochromosome 17 and double minutes.

Cytogenetic analysis of a medulloblastoma revealed two abnormal cell lines of 48,XY, +8, +8, -14, +der(14)t(1;14)(q11;p11),i(17q) and 51,XY, +5, +6, +8, +8, -14 + 20, +der (14)t(1;14)(q11;p11),i(17q), + dmin. The finding of double minute chromosomes in some medulloblastomas has been associated with amplification of the c-myc or N-myc oncogenes. We were unable to detect gene amplification with these probes by Southern blot analysis.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1991

Silastic duraplasty in pediatric patients.

The role of adhesions in the retethering of the neural elements after surgical treatment of spinal dysraphism has produced refinements in the technique of the closure of the neural tube. Silastic, because of its relative inert property, has been used for duraplasty, but a few reports of late complications of hemorrhage or fibrotic capsule formation have caused concern over its use. We report 33 patients with the following diagnoses--eight spinal lipomyelomeningoceles, three myelomeningoceles, six symptomatic Chiari II malformations, seven tethered cords, six spinal cord tumors, two diastematomyelia, and one cerebellar astrocytoma--in whom Silastic dural grafts were used to prevent the adherence of neural structures to the overlying tissues. Our surgical technique is presented here. The patients have been observed for up to 6 years. Only one became infected, was treated with antibiotics without graft removal, and has remained without sequelae for over 3 years. One had an incidental pseudomeningocele that was noted on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan that was not clinically apparent. There have been no hemorrhages, leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, nor other complications from using nonreinforced Silastic sheeting. In one patient, Dacron-reinforced Silastic was used and, upon reexploration, a marked fibroblastic response was noted. A review of the literature suggests that fibrotic complications are related to this Dacron-reinforced Silastic. The hemorrhagic complications that were reported occurred in instances where Silastic grafts were large and no technical modifications were made preventively. We conclude that the use of nonreinforced Silastic dural grafts, with appropriate technical modifications in surgical technique, is safe and may prevent retethering of neural tissues in a variety of neurosurgical lesions.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Selective posterior rhizotomy for relief of spasticity.

Results of sensory rhizotomy for the treatment of spasticity have been dramatically improved by newer microsurgical techniques employing intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring. This is now the treatment of choice for spasticity related to cerebral palsy. The goal of surgery is to achieve a permanent reduction in spasticity thereby improving ambulation and activities of daily living.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heterogeneity of astroglia cultured from adult human temporal lobe.

This study characterized the morphological and electrophysiological diversity of astroglia cultured from adult human cerebral temporal lobe, and explored the influence of the cytokine interleukin-1beta on these cells. The cultures contained astroglia positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein which were flat, bipolar or multipolar in shape and variable in size. A subpopulation of the bipolar and multipolar cells was positive for S100 protein. The most striking feature of these cultures was the presence of glia with long (600 micrometer) processes with few branches or only terminal branches. Patch clamp recordings of the non-stellate process bearing cells revealed prominent inward Na(+) and transient and sustained outward K(+) conductances. Distinct differences in the relative proportion of these conductances were evident among cells but did not appear to be correlated with cell morphology. Treatment of cultures with interleukin-1beta for 96 h did not change total protein content, but increased the content of S100beta protein and decreased the content of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The findings indicate that cultures of adult human cerebrum contain subpopulations of morphologically and electrophysiologically pleomorphic glial fibrillary acidic protein positive astroglia, exhibit increased levels of the neurotrophic factor S100beta when exposed to interleukin-1beta, and may serve as a useful model for investigation of glial involvement in neuropathology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Repair of compound-depressed skull fractures in children with replacement of bone fragments.

A retrospective study of 31 consecutive cases of compound-depressed skull fractures treated by bone fragment replacement between October 1983 and August 1990 was performed. Epidemiology, clinical features, therapy, and outcome were examined and compared with previous series. A protocol is presented for bone fragment treatment intraoperatively and use of intravenous antibiotics (nafcillin and Claforan) perioperatively, despite the degree of wound contamination or dural violation. Of the 31 cases, 15 had dural lacerations with 4 of these requiring patching with pericranium. The degree of wound contamination varied, with only 8 cases considered clean. The average age of patients treated was 8.6 years. At follow-up (average of 26.5 months), all patients had solid bone fusions and well-healed wounds. There were no instances of wound infection or osteomyelitis. No patient required subsequent cranioplasty. It is proposed that bone fragment removal for compound-depressed skull fractures, regardless of the degree of contamination, the presence of dural laceration, or the degree of intracerebral injury, is not necessary and that bone fragment replacement avoids a second operation for cranioplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital aneurysmal hemorrhage and astrocytoma in an infant.

The authors present the unusual case of an infant who presented at 4 weeks of age with a spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage due to rupture of a congenital left middle cerebral artery aneurysm. He recovered only to present at 4 months of age with a right frontoparietal desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy. The association of brain tumor and aneurysm is discussed, as are the cytogenetic findings associated with this rare form of benign astrocytoma.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytogenetic studies of pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors.

Seventy pediatric patients with brain and spinal cord tumors had cytogenetic analysis of 99 samples of their tumors. Successful analysis was accomplished in 95%. Tumors included 43 gliomas, 9 medulloblastomas and a variety of other lesions. Forty-three patients had normal chromosomes; 28 of these had benign tumors and good outcomes. Of 11 patients with malignant tumors and normal chromosomes, 8 have no disease or stable disease during the period of follow-up. Outcomes of the 23 patients with abnormal chromosomes were poor; 17 had malignant pathology. Six patients with 'benign' disease and abnormal chromosomes died or have progressive disease. A relationship between outcome and pathologic diagnosis is often enhanced by cytogenetic findings. The study indicated specific chromosome abnormalities in certain pediatric brain tumors, such as chromosome 1 abnormalities in gliomas and isochromosome 17 abnormalities in medulloblastomas. It is recommended that cytogenetic studied be included in cooperative therapeutic trials. The clastogenic effects of treatment on the cytogenetic characteristics of tumors sequentially studied were demonstrated, as was the role of sampling variations. Attention to the treatment history of tumor samples, as well as evaluation of multiple samples from each tumor, may improve the reliability of cytogenetic studies.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meningiomas in children: MR and histopathologic findings.

PURPOSE: To present the MR and histopathologic findings in five children with meningiomas. METHODS: Five children aged 3 months to 16 years with pathologically proved meningiomas underwent preoperative contrast enhanced MR. Tissue in four patients was sent for chromosomal analysis in addition to routine histopathologic studies. RESULTS: All five tumors were extra-axial, two supratentorial and three in the posterior fossa. MR showed variable signal intensity on precontrast T1-weighted images. All of the tumors were hyperintense on proton density- and T2-weighted images and showed intense contrast enhancement. Histopathologic analysis showed two meningotheliomatous, one transitional, one chordoid, and one hemangiopericytic variant of meningioma. Chromosomal analysis showed deletions involving chromosome 22 in two of four tumors studied. CONCLUSION: Meningiomas in children have a higher incidence of posterior fossa location and different histologic types than seen in adults. MR showed the tumors in our patients to be extra-axial, hyperintense on proton density- and T2-weighted images with intense enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. Chromosomal aberrations were noted in two patients.

Adolescent↗