PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F A Oski

Publications and source records attributed to F A Oski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Office pediatrics. Physical growth and general nutrition.

Obesity is now one of the most prevalent diseases in the US population. Many observations suggest that two and possibly three critical periods exist for the development of obesity and its complications. An expert committee has developed guidelines for obesity in adolescence and recommendations for preventive services, whereas others have examined adolescent obesity and its cardiovascular risks and have suggested a rational approach to management and the effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Kernicterus in preterm newborns: past, present, and future.

This historical overview of kernicterus in prematurity, from the 1950s to the present, provides a unique perspective on this clinical conundrum. Three separate periods of pediatric history are detailed in relationship to our understanding of kernicterus in the preterm newborn: (1) the pre-intensive care era (1950 to 1965); (2) the low bilirubin kernicterus era (1965 to 1982); and (3) the 1980s. Each period demonstrates selected insights regarding kernicterus in prematurity, and together with recent reports suggest that premature newborns are now at extremely low risk of developing kernicterus when managed using current standards of care. However, the current conservative empiric guidelines for preventing kernicterus are questioned, and it is suggested that additional study is needed to clarify this issue in the 1990s.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1991

Pediatrics.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Attitudes and factors affecting the decisions of men and women pediatrics residents toward having children during their residencies.

This study examines attitudes and factors affecting the decisions of pediatrics residents of both sexes toward having children during their residencies. In 1987, the authors surveyed by mail all 742 pediatricians who had trained at eight university-based residencies from 1981 to 1987; 417 responded. Of these, the men were significantly more likely than the women to have had children during their residencies (p less than .001). At the time of their residencies, 265 of these pediatricians were married. Of those who were married but did not have children during their residencies (175), the women were significantly more likely than the men to believe that having a child during residency would have had a negative influence on their careers (p less than .001) and would have been associated with difficulties in arranging child care (p less than .001). By contrast, among those pediatricians who were married and did have children during their residencies (90), their perceptions concerning the impacts on their careers of having children and the difficulty in arranging child care did not differ significantly by gender. The authors suggest that programs might explore the possibilities of greater flexibility in scheduling and of making child care more available so that residents could more easily combine their careers with having children.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

Effect of pancreatic enzyme supplements on iron absorption.

Iron deficiency has been reported in one third of patients with cystic fibrosis. There are data that suggest that iron absorption is increased with exocrine pancreatic deficiency and that administration of pancreatic enzymes may impair oral iron absorption. We compared oral iron absorption over a 3-hour period in the presence and absence of exogenous pancreatic enzymes in 13 stable young-adult patients with cystic fibrosis and 9 age-matched control patients. Although none of the patients with cystic fibrosis had a hemoglobin level less than 119 g/L, serum ferritin levels were less than 25 micrograms/L in 5 of the 13 patients, and the mean corpuscular volume was significantly lower in the patient group (86.1 +/- 2.7 vs 90.9 +/- 5 fL). Baseline mean serum iron levels were higher in controls (18.9 +/- 5.9 mumol/L) than in patients (11.9 +/- 6.3 mumol/L). There was no difference in iron absorption in the absence of exogenous pancreatic enzymes. Significant impairment of iron absorption was detected in both patients with cystic fibrosis and controls after administration of a preparation of pancreatic enzymes. There was an inverse relationship between iron stores, as measured by serum ferritin, and iron absorption. These findings suggest that long-term consumption of pancreatic enzymes by patients with cystic fibrosis may contribute to iron deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Assessing the need for transfusion of premature infants and role of hematocrit, clinical signs, and erythropoietin level.

There are no clear criteria for administration of blood to premature infants. In the past, indications for transfusion have included tachypnea, tachycardia, poor weight gain, apnea, bradycardia, pallor, lethargy, decreased activity, or poor feeding. Some have suggested that erythropoietin levels may also be useful in determining the need for transfusion. Data were studied from 11 premature infants with birth weights less than 1500 g collected throughout 469 hospital days. During that period the infants received a total of 37 blood transfusions. No overall relationship was found between hematocrit of 19% to 64% and heart rate, respiratory rate, or the occurrence of bradycardia; ie, these variables proved to be clinically unreliable as indicators of hematocrit. Furthermore, no predictable effect of transfusion could be identified on heart rate, respiratory rate, or on the incidence of apnea or bradycardia. It was anticipated that frequent episodes of apnea or bradycardia might increase serum erythropoietin concentration. To the contrary, more frequent bradycardia was associated with the low erythropoietin levels because those infants tended to receive transfusions for "symptomatic" anemia. The data are consistent with the concept that "anemia of prematurity" is not predictably associated with symptoms classically attributed to anemia. Possible reasons for this are that the premature infant has a different inherent response to anemia; that it is inappropriate to extrapolate symptoms of severe acute anemia to persons with mild or moderate chronic anemia; or, most likely, that other determinants of heart rate, respiratory rate, and apnea/bradycardia are of more importance than mild or moderate anemia.

Anemia↗
PubMed1988

Pediatric residencies: differences between 1959/1960 and 1984/1985.

Patient, contact data, collected by two first year pediatric residents, separated in time by 25 years, were compared, and it is concluded that pediatric residency has undergone major changes throughout the past quarter century. Pediatric training has increased in length and includes more female residents. The overall intensity of patient care pediatric residents provide has increased. Children with chronic disorders that were often lethal conditions 25 years ago now make up a large portion of pediatric admissions to teaching hospitals.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Consequences of starting whole cow milk at 6 months of age.

Two groups of infants, one fed whole cow milk commencing at 6 months of age (n = 69) and the other continuing to receive iron-fortified infant formula (n = 98), were closely observed over their second 6 months of life. At 12 months of age, infants fed cow milk had significantly lower mean serum ferritin levels and mean corpuscular volume, higher free erythrocyte protoporphyrin values, and greater incidence of hemoglobin values less than 11 g/dl than did formula-fed infants. There were no significant differences in frequency of otitis media, wheezing episodes, nasal discharge or congestion, diaper dermatitis, constipation, guaiac-positive stools, or hospital admissions between the two groups. These data suggest that, to avoid iron deficiency, infants should continue to receive iron-fortified formula throughout the first year of life or a daily iron supplement if they are fed whole cow milk before their first birthday.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Controversies in the management of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a survey of specialists.

A total of 322 physicians, Board-certified in pediatric hematology, responded to a survey designed to determine several aspects of their management of children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The survey demonstrates that, in practice among specialists, a controversy exists as to whether or not bone marrow examination needs to be performed, and how often corticosteroids should be prescribed. Seventy-four percent of practitioners would perform the bone marrow examination, whereas 26% would not do so. Forty-six percent of responders prescribe steroids more than half the time, whereas 54% prescribe steroids less than half the time. The questionnaire ascertained the reasons why physicians performed marrow aspirations and prescribed steroids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗