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Biomedical subjects

F Abbas

Publications and source records attributed to F Abbas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Java project on periodontal diseases. The natural development of periodontitis: risk factors, risk predictors and risk determinants.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors, risk predictors and risk determinants for onset and progression of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this longitudinal, prospective study all subjects in the age range 15-25 years living in a village of approximately 2000 inhabitants at a tea estate on Western Java, Indonesia, were selected. Baseline examination was carried out in 1987 and follow-up examinations in 1994 and 2002. In 2002, 128 subjects could be retrieved from the original group of 255. Baseline examination included evaluation of plaque, bleeding on probing, calculus, pocket depth, attachment loss and presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, spirochetes and motile microorganisms. RESULTS: The mean attachment loss increased from 0.33 mm in 1987 to 0.72 mm in 1994 and 1.97 mm in 2002. Analysis identified the amount of subgingival calculus and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans as risk factors, and age as a risk determinant, for the onset of disease. Regarding disease progression, the number of sites with a probing depth > or = 5 mm and the number of sites with recession were identified as risk predictors and male gender as a risk determinant. CONCLUSION: Screening of these parameters early in life could be helpful in the prevention of onset and progression of periodontal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Links between periodontal disease and general health. 1. Pneumonia and cardiovascular disease].

The possible link between oral and general health is based on an old concept. This paper summarizes current ideas on the role of translocation of oral pathogens to other parts of the body in the development of systemic disease. It appears that colonisation of the oral cavity by respiratory pathogens is a risk factor in the development of pneumonia in institutionalised elderly and intensive care patients. Using a chloorhexidine oral rinse may reduce the risk of pneumonia. Furthermore, periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Translocation of oral microorganisms and an increase in serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators are considered to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Potentially, preventive oral health care and periodontal intervention could play a part in preventing cardiovascular disease.

Bacterial Translocation↗
PubMed2005

[Incidence of cardiovascular events in giant cell arteritis: preliminary results of a prospective double cohort study (GRACG)].

UNLABELLED: Giant cell arteritis is the most frequent vasculitis. Cardiovascular events such as cerebrovascular accident or ischemic heart disease may occur in patients with giant cell arteritis. However, their real incidence, as well as their relative risk compared to the general population, remains unknown. PURPOSE: To assess in a prospective, double cohort study, the incidence of cardiovascular events in giant cell arteritis patients compared to controls, after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included on predefined criteria 432 newly diagnosed patients with giant cell arteritis, each assigned to sex- and age-matched controls randomly selected from the general population. Cardiovascular risk factors (high-blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and preexisting peripheral vascular disease) were collected at inclusion. During the 24-month follow-up, all cardiovascular events were collected. After stratification for cardiovascular risk factors, a log-rank test was performed to compare cases and controls. A parametric survival model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Cardiovascular events all combined were significantly increased in patients with giant cell arteritis (RR = 2.15 [1.21-3.81], P = 0.009), and were mainly associated with age (P = 0.0001), past history of cardiovascular disease (P = 0.023) but also with giant cell arteritis (P = 0.009). However, each subset of cerebrovascular accident (RR = 2.42 [0.84-7]) or ischemic heart disease (RR = 1.67 [0.72-3.89]) increased but did not significantly. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular events incidence is increased in patients with giant cell arteritis, and prescription of preventive antiagregant treatment may be discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The combined use of enamel matrix proteins and a tetracycline-coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membrane in the treatment of intra-osseous defects.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this split-mouth study was to evaluate the clinical response of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs, Emdogain Gel in intra-osseous defects with or without a combined application of a tetracycline-coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membrane (e-PTFE, Gore-Tex). METHODS: Twelve pairs of intra-osseous periodontal defects in 11 patients received the application of EMPs on the exposed root surface (EMP). One of the two defects received randomly, as an adjunct to EMP treatment, a tetracycline-coated e-PTFE membrane (MEMP). At baseline, 6- and 12-month probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing bone level (PBL) were measured. RESULTS: After 12 months, the EMP defects showed a significant mean PPD reduction of 2.86+/-0.75 mm, a mean gain in CAL of 1.28+/-2.04 mm, a mean PBL gain of 1.63+/-1.21 mm and a mean increase of recession (REC) of 1.56+/-2.30 mm. The MEMP defects showed a significant mean PPD reduction of 3.02+/-1.55 mm, a mean gain in CAL of 1.65+/-1.29 mm, a mean PBL gain of 1.58+/-1.92 mm and a mean increase of REC of 1.38+/-1.63 mm. Except for significantly more post-operative discomfort at the MEMP sites, no significant differences were found between EMP and MEMP defects. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it is concluded that in the treatment of intra-osseous defects with EMP, the adjunctive use of a tetracycline-coated e-PTFE membrane failed to show more gain of CAL and PBL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Role of estrogens in the secondary hormonal manipulation of hormone refractory prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of Estrogens (Honvan) in the secondary hormonal manipulation of patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRCP). METHODS: Twelve patients diagnosed as hormone refractory prostate cancer received intravenous estrogens for six days (Fosfestrol, a synthetic phosphorylated estrogen derivative), followed by a maintenance oral dose of 120 mg thrice daily as second line hormonal treatment. During the treatment they were given deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis. Their stage at initial presentation, primary treatment, mode of androgen ablation, prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, duration of remission prior of HRPC status, PSA doubling time before and after estrogen treatment were recorded. The morbidity and mortality of the treatment was also recorded. A drop in PSA of > 50% was classified as major responder. The drop of < 50% was defined as minor responders. Treatment failure was defined as a rise in PSA > the level prior to the start of treatment. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis of prostate cancer was 66.6 + 5.4 years (range 57-73). At the time of initial diagnosis only 3 patients (25%) had localized disease and 9 (75%) had metastatic prostate cancer. Six patients each opted for surgical or medical castration (LHRH analogs) as the mode of androgen ablation. The mean initial PSA at diagnosis was 340 + 728.1 ng/ml (range 4.1-2375, Median 94). After development of HRPC, six patients (50%) had major response, four (33%) had minor response to estrogen administration. Two patients (17%) did not respond to estrogens. The mean PSA before receiving Fosfestrol was 60.5 + 82 ng/ml (range 0.013-246). The PSA (nadir) after treatment was 24.3 +/- 33.2 ng/ml (range 0.9-81.3). One patient developed gynaecomastia and one had congestive cardiac failure. Two patients died of non cancer related deaths and one patient died of cancer related death. CONCLUSION: Synthetic estrogens are well tolerated, in-expensive agents and could be considered for palliative use against hormone resistant prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

[Impact of antibiotics on the indication for periodontal surgery].

The present paper describes the use of oral antibiotics in the treatment of severe periodontitis based on the composition of the subgingival flora. Antimicrobial therapy is applied within the concept of the three basic steps in periodontal treatment. It is demonstrated in the literature that the use of antibiotics based on clinical and microbiological parameters, can reduce the need of periodontal access surgery. Proper infection control is also related to favourable outcome of regenerative periodontal procedures and periodontal plastic surgery. Therefore, the proper use of antibiotics may result in a shift in indication for different modalities of periodontal surgery.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2003

The prevalence of silent kidney stones--an ultrasonographic screening study.

OBJECTIVE: Silent and not yet discovered stones of the upper urinary tract are potentially dangerous, since in due course they may cause infection, obstruction and renal damage. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of such silent kidney stones in a representative Pakistani population of Karachi. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 201 consecutive subjects at our hospital who underwent additional kidney screening whilst undergoing abdominal ultrasound. All these subjects did not have a history or symptoms of urolithiasis. RESULT: We found silent kidney stones in 3% of subjects. All stone bearers were males. Most stones were in the left kidney. Notably, multiple stones and stones of a considerable size went unnoticed. CONCLUSION: In addition to the usual figures of incidence and prevalence of stone disease drawn from patient data, there is a prevalence of 3% silent stones that may only be discovered incidentally or by screening. This is true for a "'stone country" like Pakistan. Figures for other regions have yet to be determined. Due to socioeconomic reasons, we believe that a general kidney screening for urolithiasis is, however, not indicated, at least in our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

How do data from deepest pocket per quadrant relate to full-mouth scores? Progression of untreated periodontal disease in young Indonesians.

BACKGROUND: When the subgingival presence of periodontal pathogens is studied in groups of patients or populations, mostly a number of the deepest sites is sampled. The mean clinical parameters of these deep sites are also frequently used as a the descriptor of the clinical situation of these subjects. It can be questioned, whether these 4 deep sites are capable of predicting a full-mouth situation. AIM: The purpose of the present retrospective study was to investigate to what extent the experienced progression of periodontitis as measured in the deepest approximal pocket in each quadrant reflects the disease progression at the approximal sites on a full-mouth level. METHODS: A data set of a 7-year longitudinal study of 158 young subjects (69 male, 89 female, 15-25 years of age at baseline) was used. Clinical assessments included plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) at baseline (1987) and follow-up (1994). Measurements were made at the approximal surfaces of all teeth. The deepest pocket in each quadrant was determined at follow-up. Changes of the clinical parameters between baseline and follow-up were calculated both as full-mouth mean scores as well as for these 4 deepest sites. A regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between full-mouth score and the 4 test sites. RESULTS: For disease progression between baseline and follow-up, significant correlation coefficients were observed between the 4-site and full-mouth mean changes (PD: 0.80, AL: 0.70, PI: 0.77). Regression coefficients were 0.51 for PD, 0.35 for AL and 0.55 for PI. The precision of the estimate for the full-mouth mean, as predicted by the 4-site mean, is determined by the residual standard deviation. This was for PD 0.31 mm, for AL 0.31 mm and for PI 0.29. Compared to the between-patient standard deviation of the full-mouth means, the residual standard deviations were high. CONCLUSION: In the present population, a reasonable to good correlation between full-mouth and 4-sites data was observed. However, the high residual standard deviation in the regression analysis illustrates the inaccuracy for the 4-sites data when used as a descriptive for changes in the periodontal condition on a full-mouth level. Data evaluating progression of periodontitis based on a limited number of diseased sites should be interpreted cautiously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Health issues in ethnic minorities: awareness and action.

A key issue in health provision is the approach to health inequalities. In the UK, black and ethnic minority populations are disadvantaged in this respect. We obtained annual/public health reports from 13 health authorities (HAs) and 22 primary care trusts/groups (PCT/Gs) serving conurbations with large black and ethnic minority populations, and examined them for mention of special health issues for these groups and the action being taken. 22 of the 35 reports referred to such issues but only 17 referred to special initiatives; the most frequently mentioned were diabetes and coronary heart disease. We recommend that HAs and PCT/Gs serving large black and ethnic minority populations state specifically in their annual reports their awareness of health-equality issues and the action being taken to address them.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2002

Early surgical results with intent to treat by radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer.

AIMS: To evaluate the early cancer control rates, morbidity and mortality in men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for clinically localized adenocarcinoma prostate. METHODS: Patient's characteristics, operative data, progressive-free survival rates, morbidity and mortality were analyzed for 23 men with clinical T1-2 prostate cancer who underwent surgery with an intent to treat by RRP between December 1997 to July 2001. RESULTS: Patient's mean age was 63 +/- 6.2 years (range 51 to 76 years) with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) status I in 4%, II in 65% and III in 31%. Two third of the patients had lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, followed by hematuria (9%) and back pain (4%). Clinical stages were T1b in 4%, T1c in 9%, T2a in 17%, T2b in 22% and T2c in 48% of the patients. Mean pre-operative serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 25 +/- 29 ng/ml (1.1 to 99.3). Bilateral pelvic lymphnode disection(PLND) and RRP was performed in 20 cases (nerve-sparing RRP 5 cases). In 3 cases with gross lymph node metastasis at frozen section, only bilateral orchidectomy was done. The mean operative time was 270 +/- 65 minutes and mean blood loss was 1097 +/- 654 mls. Packed cell transfusions were nil in 26%, 1-2 units in 44%, 3-4 units in 26% and 5 units in 4% of the patients who underwent RRP. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.2 +/- 1 days. Out of 20 patients who underwent RRP, 65% of tumors were confined to the specimen, 20% had seminal vesicle invasion and 15% had nodal metastasis. There was no peri-operative mortality while 2 patients developed epididymo-orchitis and 1 had myocardial ischemia (without infarction). Overall 87% of the patients were fully continent and 13% had mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence. The mean time of return of continence was 11.5 +/- 11.6 weeks. Two of the 3 patients (66%) with follow up information and having undergone nerve-sparing RRP are potent. At a mean follow up of 19.4 +/- 13 months (range 3-45 months), 20 of 23 total patients (87%) and 17 of 20 RRP patients (85%) remained free of disease recurrence with PSA < or = 0.4 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: Our early results confirm the excellent potential for cancer control and low morbidity of radical prostatectomy for men with localized prostate cancer. These results are in conformity with the vast Western experience. Long-term results will be provided.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Ethnic minority health. Restricted access.

A survey of health authorities and primary care groups with high ethnic minority populations in England showed HAs were further advanced in addressing the special needs of ethnic minorities than PCGs. More than three-quarters of HAs cited initiatives for ethnic minorities compared with only 36 per cent of PCGs. Only a minority of organisations reported schemes to address health inequalities. Commissioning organisations covering large communities of people from ethnic minorities should do more to address their special health needs.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents. Subgingival microbiota in relation to experienced progression of periodontitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In an Indonesian population deprived of regular dental care, the experienced progression of disease between baseline (1987) and follow-up (1994) was investigated in relation to the composition of the subgingival microbiota at follow-up. At baseline the age ranged from 15 to 25 years. Clinical and microbiological evaluation was completed in 158 of the 167 subjects available at follow-up. METHODS: Plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and attachment loss (AL) were scored at the approximal surfaces of all teeth and subgingival calculus on the approximal surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth only (number of sites with subgingival calculus: NSC). A pooled sample of the deepest pocket in each quadrant was evaluated using microbiological culture techniques. RESULTS: At baseline the mean values of the clinical parameters were AL=0.35 mm, PI=1.01, BOP=0.80 PD=3.25 mm and NSC=6.04 and at follow-up AL=0.75 mm, PI=1.16, BOP=1.19, PD=3.34 mm and NSC=5.85. All parameters except PD and NSC showed a statistically significant increase. At follow-up the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was 40%, of Porphyromonas gingivalis 67%, of Prevotella intermedia 66%, of Fusobacterium nucleatum 79%, of Bacteroides forsythus 16%, of Campylobacter rectus 4%, and of P. micros 6%. No differences in clinical parameters were found between groups with or without these micro-organisms. In 129 subjects AL of > or =2 mm at > or =1 site was found. Logistic regression showed three significant odds-ratio's for experienced progressive periodontitis: Plaque index (12.2), gender (3.4) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (2.9). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this retrospective study suggest that plaque is the most important parameter related to experienced disease progression, and that the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be associated with increased chance of disease progression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Orthotopic bladder replacement to the urethra following salvage radical cystoprostatectomy in men with failed radiation therapy.

PURPOSE: Salvage cystoprostatectomy has evolved as a safe and potentially curative treatment option for patients with radiation recurrent bladder cancer. Although orthotopic bladder replacement remains the preferred form of urinary diversion, there is minimal information about its role in salvage cystectomy series. We describe our limited experience in this regard. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated the operative characteristics and outcome of two patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder after failed high-dose radiation therapy (mean 6,490 cGy). Both patients underwent salvage cystoprostatectomy with Studer-type ileal neobladder reconstruction. Existing literature on the topic is reviewed. RESULTS: Final histopathology showed pT3 N0 M0 TCC urinary bladder with no recent evidence of tumor recurrence. There was no mortality or major perioperative complication. Mean surgery time was 590 minutes, and mean blood loss was 1,600 mL, with 3.5 U of packed cell transfusion per patient. Mean length of stay was 15 days. Postoperative complications included urinary tract infection in both cases. Prolonged urinary leakage, metabolic derangements, and loose stools were seen in one case. At a mean follow-up of 17 months, both patients have well-preserved upper tracts, normal renal function, good capacity neobladders, and satisfactory postvoid emptying. Both patients are fully continent. CONCLUSIONS: Salvage cystoprostatectomy with orthotopic bladder replacement is a safe and effective management option in a select group of radiation recurrent bladder cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Untreated periodontal disease in Indonesian adolescents. Longitudinal clinical data and prospective clinical and microbiological risk assessment.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: In order to investigate the r le of various putative clinical and microbiological risk markers, a longitudinal study was initiated in a young population deprived of regular dental care. In 1987 all inhabitants in the age range 15-25 years living in a village with approximately 2,000 inhabitants at a tea estate on Western Java, Indonesia, were examined clinically and microbiologically. In total, 167 subjects of the original group of 255 adolescents were re-examined in 1994. The material presented in this paper describes the clinical periodontal condition at baseline (1987) and at follow-up (1994), 7 years later. Furthermore, the relationship between progression of the disease and baseline clinical and microbiological data was assessed. METHODS: Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL) were scored at the approximal surfaces of the vestibular aspects of all teeth. The number of approximal surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth showing subgingival calculus was recorded. At baseline, the dorsum of the tongue, the buccal gingiva in the upper jaw, the saliva and the deepest bleeding pocket without clinical loss of attachment were sampled for microbiological examination with phase contrast microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS: Mean values at baseline and at follow-up were PI: 1.01 and 1.15, BOP: 0.80 and 1.16, PD 3.26 mm and 3.32 mm, AL: 0.33 mm and 0.73 mm, respectively. All parameters except PD showed a statistically significant increase over the 7-year period. The prevalence of the studied bacteria irrespective of the sample site was: A. actinomycetemcomitans 53%, P. gingivalis 88%, P. intermedia 100%, spirochetes 89% and motile micro-organisms 100%. At the full mouth level, logistic regression showed significant odds ratios for progressive disease with age (1.15), subgingival calculus (1.20) and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (4.61). Presence of any of the selected micro-organisms on the mucous membranes was not related with progressive disease. In order to study local factors to explain local disease activity, each subject was characterized using the sampled pocket, which was the deepest bleeding pocket without LA at baseline, as a single response site per patient. In this constrained design, the main statistical factors associated with progressive disease were presence of motile micro-organisms and the plaque score. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified 3 main risk markers for disease progression at the full mouth level: age, amount of subgingival calculus and subgingival presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Reduction of radiation exposure to patients in the follow-up of shockwave lithotripsy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess, in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), if a policy of using unilateral X-rays of the kidney, ureter and bladder (hemi-KUB) whenever possible and appropriate during diagnosis and follow-up, was successful in reducing the radiation exposure associated with ESWL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups of patients of statistically comparable size and demography were assessed retrospectively before and after the implementation of the policy. All had undergone ESWL for radio-opaque upper urinary tract stones and all were finally rendered stone-free. The number and type of all radiological procedures from initial diagnosis of the stone to documented stone-free status were recorded and the dose calculated. RESULTS: The appropriate use of hemi-KUB X-rays resulted in a significant mean reduction of radiation exposure after treatment of 2.28 mSv per patient (P<0.05). Furthermore, as expected, the radiation dose was clearly but not closely correlated with stone size (r = 0.419). CONCLUSIONS: The appropriate use of hemi-KUB X-rays during the follow-up after ESWL is a simple and effective way of significantly reducing the radiation exposure of such patients.

Adult↗