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Biomedical subjects

F Abbas

Publications and source records attributed to F Abbas.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A preliminary study of prostaglandin release by bradykinin (BK) on isolated human myometrium.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the response to BK on isolated human myometrium from non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) donors involves the release of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) and/or of PGE2. BK was injected as a bolus dose into the flow of the superfusate. The perfusate was collected during a response to BK and PG concentration measured by enzymoimmunoassay for PGE2 or PGI2. The BK response was biphasic, consisting of contraction followed by inhibition of myogenic activity. In tissues from both NP and P donors BK was found to cause a dose related release of PGE2 and PGI2. BK evoked PGE2 release which was greater during the contractile response than in the inhibitory response. Following the same dose of BK, PGI2 release was found to be greater in the inhibitory response than in the contractile phase. The findings indicate that in isolated human myometrium the response to BK does involve the release of PGE2 and PGI2 and in both NP and P tissue PGE2 release is greater in the contractile response phase whilst PGI2 predominates the inhibitory phase.

Bradykinin↗
PubMed1996

Why neoadjuvant androgen deprivation prior to radical prostatectomy is unnecessary.

Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) prior to radical prostatectomy has been advocated for downstaging of tumors and reducing the rates of positive surgical margins with the expectation that disease-free survival will be improved. Despite the apparent favorable impact on pathologic findings, randomized trials to date show no benefit of NHT in prostate-specific antigen progression rates. Consequently, there is serious concern about the validity and biologic significance of the apparent downstaging and decreased rate of positive margins, and no evidence exists that there is improved time to progression and survival; therefore, the authors do not recommend NHT outside of a clinical trial.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Induction androgen deprivation therapy before radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer--initial results.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on induction decreases the incidence of positive surgical margins and the subsequent risk of disease progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1992 and July 1994, 160 men with prostate cancer underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP) and bilateral pelvic node dissection (PLND). Forty men (mean age 64.2 years) with either a higher clinical stage or a significant increase in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (P < 0.001) received induction ADT with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogue alone (six patients), or with an anti-androgen (34 patients), 3-20 months before undergoing RP. The remaining 120 men (mean age 64 years) underwent surgery alone and served as historical controls. Prostatectomy specimens were evaluated using step-sections at 2-3 mm intervals and whole-mount reconstruction. The clinical and pathological results were compared. RESULTS: There was a clinically significant decrease in the size of the prostate in almost all patients treated with ADT. After ADT the mean PSA level declined by > 95% from the levels before RP (P < 0.001). Of 40 men receiving ADT and the 120 controls patients, nine (22.5%) and 49 (40.8%) had positive margins (P < 0.05), nine (22.5%) and 18 (15%) had seminal-vesicle invasion (P = 0.90) and one (2.5%) and two (1.6%) had lymph-node metastases (P = 0.73), respectively. At a mean 17.6 months (range 2-29), 20 of the control patients were lost to follow-up. PSA levels were elevated (> 0.4 ng/mL) in seven (17.5%) of the men who received ADT and 14 (14%) of the control patients (P = 0.60). To date, all patients are alive. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that neoadjuvant ADT before RP is beneficial in men with a high likelihood of having a positive surgical margin. A prospective randomized trial is necessary to determine if there is a benefit in progression-free and overall survival.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Evidence for human thromboxane receptor heterogeneity using a novel series of 9,11-cyclic carbonate derivatives of prostaglandin F2 alpha.

1. The pharmacological activity of a novel series of 9,11-cyclic carbonate derivatives of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was investigated in various isolated smooth muscle preparations possessing different prostanoid receptor subtypes as well as in human platelets. Since subdivision of thromboxane (TP-) receptors into vascular/smooth muscle and platelet subtypes is a controversial subject, our studies included a human smooth muscle preparation (myometrium) in addition to the widely used rat aorta and human platelets as TP-receptor preparations. 2. Two members of that series, AGN191976 and AGN192093 were found to be highly potent and selective thromboxane-mimetics. AGN191976 and AGN192093 contracted isolated tissues of the rat thoracic aorta with EC50 values of 0.32 +/- 0.08 and 1.30 +/- 0.53 nM, respectively. Both agonists were at least 10 times more potent than the benchmark TP-agonist, U-46619, in this preparation, whilst being at least 500 times less potent at other prostanoid receptors (DP, EP1, EP3, FP, IP) in vitro. 3. In human myometrial strips from pregnant and non-pregnant donors, both AGN191976 and AGN192093 were potent contractile agonists. The rank order of potency in myometrium of AGN191976 > AGN192093 > U-46619 correlated well with that in the rat aorta. In human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), however, AGN191976 had potent proaggregatory activity (EC50 = 16.3 +/- 1.4 nM), which is a TP-receptor-mediated event, whereas AGN192093 was a much weaker agonist (EC50 = 37.9 +/- 2.0 microM). AGN192093 did not behave as an antagonist in the platelets, since it did not antagonize platelet aggregation induced by ADP, arachidonic acid, U-46619 or AGN191976. In human washed platelets, the activity profile of AGN191976 (EC50 = 4.15 +/- 0.52 nM) and AGN192093 (no aggregation up to 10 microM) was similar to that obtained in PRP. 4. The involvement of TP-receptors was verified with the potent TP-antagonist, SQ29548. SQ29548 (0.1 microM in myometrium; 1 microM in aorta; 1 microM and 10 microM in platelets) antagonized responses to U-46619, AGN191976 and AGN192093 as expected. 5. In conclusion, AGN191976 and AGN192093, both 9,11-cyclic carbonate derivatives of PGF2 alpha, were found to be highly potent and selective thromboxane-mimetics in rat vascular and human myometrial smooth muscle. However, only AGN 191976 was a potent agonist at TP-receptors in human platelets. The differential activity of AGN192093 on TP-receptor-mediated events in platelets and smooth muscle provides further evidence for a subdivision of TP-receptors. AGN192093 appears to be a useful tool for the pharmacological distinction of TP-receptor subtypes.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1996

Longitudinal evaluation of the development of periodontal destruction in spouses.

The aim of the present investigation was to study longitudinally the periodontal condition of married couples. The data are derived from a longitudinal study in a young population living in a remote village in Indonesia and showing a relatively high prevalence of periodontal destruction. In 23 married couples, clinical measurements were carried out in 1987 and 1994. During the latter examination, a pooled gingival sample was obtained for microbiological evaluation. In 1994, the mean age of the group was 29.1 years and the couples were married for on the average 10 years. In each couple, the partner showing in 1994 the highest score for mean loss of attachment (LA) was classified as the diseased proband and the other partner as the spouse. Evaluation of the clinical data showed that: (1) the diseased probands already had in 1987 a worse periodontal condition compared to that of the spouses; (2) in both groups the mean LA increased during the 7-year period; (3) the difference in mean LA between diseased probands and spouses increased between 1987 and 1994. The microbiological evaluation revealed a relatively high prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (50%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (67%) and Prevotella intermedia 61%. Analysis showed no differences in microbiota between diseased probands and spouses. The 23 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans positive subjects included 2 positive couples. Furthermore, the 31 Porphyromonas gingivalis and 28 Prevotella intermedia positive subjects included 9 and 7 positive couples respectively. In conclusion, 10 years of cohabitation showed no influence on the periodontal condition of the spouses.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Incidental prostatic adenocarcinoma in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer.

To determine if patients with bladder cancer have a higher incidence of unsuspected prostate cancer, 40 cases were studied. All except one case had no evidence of prostate cancer on preoperative clinical assessment. Detailed pathological evaluation of cystoprostatectomy specimens with sections at 2- to 3-mm intervals was done. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate was identified in 18 of 40 patients (45%). Multifocal prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) was present in 19 cases (47.5%); 4 (10%) without an associated prostate cancer and 15 (37.5%) in conjunction with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Twelve cases of unsuspected prostate cancer were stage pT1a, 4 were pT1b, and 2 were pT3. No patients exhibited nodal or distance metastases by the prostate cancer. At a mean follow-up of 15.2 months (range 3-34 months), 37 of the 40 patients are alive. Among prostate cancer patients, no clinical or biochemical evidence of disease recurrence or prostate cancer related mortality has been observed. Our findings support the previously reported high incidence rate of prostate cancer in patients undergoing cystoprostatectomy for bladder cancer. This, though, may not be higher than the observed incidence in an age-matched general population. We recommend DRE and PSA as part of the bladder cancer workup in males, and complete removal of the prostate at cystoprostatectomy to prevent the dilemma of residual prostate cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Prostatic aspergillosis.

Prostatic aspergillosis is rare with only 3 cases reported previously. We report a case of localized invasive aspergillosis of the prostate in a nonimmunocompromised patient with chronic urinary retention and recurrent urinary tract infections. Transurethral resection followed by open prostatectomy was performed for massive prostatomegaly. No systemic antifungal therapy was required for cure. The literature is reviewed, and diagnostic and management options are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Cytogenetic and FISH analysis of endometrial carcinoma.

Endometrial cancer is a common gynecologic tumor, yet reports of cytogenetic studies are few. We studied chromosomes from seven primary specimens of endometrial cancer. Six had abnormal chromosomes; five had a diploid-hyperdiploid modal number and one was triploid. One specimen had a normal karyotype. Chromosome 1 was frequently involved in abnormalities (five tumors) with i(1q) in two tumors, and one tumor each had der(7)t(1;7)(q12;p11) and +add (1)(p13). One additional tumor had trisomy 1 in the single cell which could be fully analyzed. Trisomy 7 was noted in two tumors, and trisomy 10 in one. Because trisomies of these chromosomes have been reported in other cases of endometrial cancer, we used fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with centromere probes to determine the prevalence of trisomies 7 and 10 in these specimens. No additional tumors were found to have trisomies 7 or 10 by FISH. Our data, in combination with published literature, suggest that additional copies of 1q or portions of 1q constitute the primary change in this tumor. Extra copies of genes in this region may play an important role in tumorigenesis in endometrial carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Colovesical fistula: an unusual complication of prostatomegaly.

Colovesical fistula as a sequela to long-term bladder outflow obstruction is to our knowledge a previously unreported complication. We report a case in which single stage colonic resection and anastomosis with bladder repair and transurethral resection of the prostate resolved the condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between salivary blood group antigens, microbial flora and periodontal condition in young adults.

To investigate a possible rôle for salivary blood-group antigens in the relative frequencies of selected periodontal pathogens and commensal oral micro-organisms, we studied the clinical and microbiological condition in young adults with or without blood group reactive substances in saliva (secretors or non-secretors respectively). Clinical measurements were recorded at the Ramfjord teeth in 81 1st-year dental students. In addition, presence of interproximal loss of attachment (LA) was assessed at sites with a pocket depth of > or = 4 mm. Microbiological samples were taken from one of the Ramfjord teeth (site without interproximal LA), from interproximal sites of > or = 4 mm in conjunction with LA, and from the saliva. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Clinically, no statistically significant differences were found in the periodontal status between secretors (78% of our population) and non-secretors. Furthermore, the occurrence of the monitored micro-organisms was not correlated to the secretor status. It is concluded that bacterial colonization with the micro-organisms tested in this study, apparently occurred independent of secretor status. Among the periodontal pathogens, only P. intermedia was more frequently recovered from the saliva of subjects with interproximal LA (49%) than in those without (33%; p = 0.03). This finding was irrespective of the secretor status. Therefore, P. intermedia may be an important micro-organism in relation to the onset of periodontal destruction in young adults.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1994

Quantitative aspects of the subgingival distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a patient with localized juvenile periodontitis.

The subgingival microflora in a patient with localized juvenile periodontitis was studied. Of the 97 sites investigated, 28 (29%) showed attachment loss. A correlation was found between the number of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans cells and the clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth. Of the 97 test sites, 70 (73%) were positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Of the total number of A. actinomycetemcomitans cells isolated from this patient, more than 99% were found at sites with attachment loss, < 1% being present at sites without attachment loss. The mean percentage of A. actinomycetemcomitans was 21.2% at sites with attachment loss and 0.45% at sites without attachment loss. The distribution of Porphyromonas gingivalis showed a symmetrical pattern, being present at the 1st molar and 2nd premolar sites in all quadrants and at the lower incisor sites. This species was absent at multiple sites showing overt attachment loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Symptomatic bacteremia after periodontal treatment].

Symptomatic bacteremia after dental treatment in an apparently healthy patient is an indication for preventive antibiotic treatment. This article describes the case of a patient with clinical symptoms of bacteremia after periodontal treatment, in whom the blood cultures remained positive after oral administration of amoxicillin (Chlamoxyl). Intramuscular administration of penicillin (Bicilline) was able to prevent the clinical symptoms as well as the bacteremia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

The effect of sibling relationship on the periodontal condition.

The purpose of this investigation was to study clinically as well as microbiologically the effect of sibling relationship on the periodontal condition in a young population with a relatively high prevalence of periodontal disease and deprived from regular dental care. In this study, 23 family units consisting of 3 more siblings were evaluated. In all, 78 subjects aged 15 to 25 years were included in the study. The mean interproximal amount of loss of attachment in this population was 0.29 mm. The individual mean ranged from 0 to 1.27 mm. In 33% of the subjects, > or = 1 sites with a probing depth of 5 mm or more in conjunction with 2 mm of attachment loss were present. The results show a significant sibship effect for: plaque, calculus, loss of attachment, spirochetes on the tongue and in the pocket, Porphyromonas gingivalis on the gingiva and in the saliva and Prevotella intermedia in the saliva. These results support the hypothesis that periodontitis aggregates in families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Microbiological and clinical monitoring of non-localized juvenile periodontitis in young adults: a report of 11 cases.

It has been shown that patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) often harbor Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival area. However, little is known of the oral microflora in non-LJP juvenile periodontitis patients with less extensive disease. The purpose of this study was to describe the microflora and clinical parameters of young adults with minor to moderate periodontitis during treatment for a period of 1 year. Eleven patients 15 to 16 years of age were studied. All of them had 4 to 8 mm loss of attachment at minimally one site, but the typical clinical description of localized juvenile periodontitis was an exclusion criterion in this study. Microbiological examination of the deepest periodontal pocket and of the tongue revealed that 6 patients harbored Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and 5 harbored Porphyromonas gingivalis. Almost all subjects showed relatively high proportions of Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, motile organisms, and spirochetes. On the basis of clinical and microbiological parameters the 11 patients could be assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Six cases had moderate periodontal breakdown with loss of attachment at 7 to 44 sites. All harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans and 5 of them P. gingivalis. These 6 cases responded relatively well to initial treatment despite the continued presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The other group consisted of 5 cases with relatively minor periodontal breakdown; i.e, 1 or 2 sites with 4 to 6 mm loss of attachment. Neither A. actinomycetemcomitans nor P. gingivalis was detected in the deepest pocket of these patients. All 5 responded well to initial treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Role of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis.

Thirteen patients with myasthenia gravis underwent total thymectomy between January, 1988 and December, 1991. The duration of symptoms prior to surgery varied from 2 months to 20 years. In a follow-up ranging from 2 months to 4 years, 11 patients showed a significant improvement with either complete discontinuation of medication or a marked reduction in doses. One patient with a small benign thymoma showed some improvement but subsequently required stepping up of anticholinesterase medication and addition of steroids and immunosuppressants; another patient with atrophic thymic tissue had complete remission after thymectomy but developed myasthenic symptoms six months later requiring medication again. Thymectomy is recommended for all patients with generalised myasthenia gravis with or without thymoma regardless of the duration of disease unless the patient is a very high risk candidate for surgery. It is not recommended for isolated ocular myasthenia gravis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Chronic conjunctivitis caused by oral anaerobic germs].

A patient with chronic, unilateral conjunctivitis is presented. The predominant bacterial flora consisted mainly of Prevotella intermedia (formerly Bacteroides intermedius) and Peptostreptococcus micros. Restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of genomic DNA demonstrated that P. intermedia most probably originated from the oral cavity. In the oral cavity this species was recovered from the dorsum of the tongue, the tonsillar area and the periodontal pockets. Topical treatment with various antibiotics had failed to cure the infection in the past. The condition was cured after systemic therapy with metronidazole and amoxicillin.

Adult↗