Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Adams.
Cancer patients commonly receive neuroleptics as antiemetics to relieve nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapeutic agents. Respiratory dyskinesia, an infrequent, acute, neuroleptic-induced, dystonic reaction, is a potentially life-threatening entity that responds promptly to anticholinergic medication.
Analysis of v-abl-homologous transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes from 20 leukemia patients revealed a 5-kb species as the major abl-mRNA present. Elevated levels of this 5-kb transcript, together with detectable levels of 2- and 10-kb abl-homologous species, were observed in mRNA samples from two patients, one with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph')-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in lymphoid blast crisis, and the other with childhood Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia. These abl-homologous transcripts differed from the aberrant 8-kb abl-mRNA reported by others in Ph'-positive CML patients in both size and extent of v-abl-homology. No alteration in the organization of v-abl-homologous sequences was detected in the genomic DNA of the Ph'-positive CML patient. Karyotypic analysis of the Burkitt-type B-lymphoblastic leukemia patient revealed the presence of an 8,14 translocation together with a number of other chromosomal aberrations. However, no abnormality of chromosome 9 could be detected. Hence, the observed increase in c-abl transcription is not consistently associated with either gross gene rearrangement or presence of the Ph'. The high levels of c-abl mRNA may be a function of the cell type involved (early lymphoid blast), suggesting that failure to down-regulate c-abl may be a factor in the onset of pre- or early B-lymphoid leukemias.
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Five organically impaired and depressed head and neck cancer patients had a marked therapeutic response to methylphenidate (MPD). There was a rapid remission of depressive and cognitive dysfunctions without adverse side effects. The relationship of cognitive, behavioral, and affective symptoms to brain function is discussed. To rule out treatable cognitive and affective disorders, neurobehavioral assessment of the depressed head and neck cancer patient is stressed, and diagnostic and treatment guidelines are given. The results suggest that further evaluation is warranted of the use of MPD in treating seriously ill cancer patients who have either compromised brain function or depression.