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Biomedical subjects

F Alexander

Publications and source records attributed to F Alexander.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

IgA nephropathy.

This presentation attempts to define the criteria for diagnosis of the suggested clinicopathologic entity of IgA nephropathy. Of 250 patients in whom renal biopsies with immunofluorescence, light and electron microscopic, and clinical data were available, 12 patients (4.8 per cent) showed predominance of IgA with localization mainly in the mesangium, a variable degree of mesangial cell proliferation, and increased mesangial matrix on light microscopy. Electron densities were restricted to the mesangium and paramesangial areas. IgA was accompanied by C3 only in two patients, by IgG and C3 in five, and by IgG, IgM, and C3 in five. Properdin was found in 11 of these 12 cases. There was a marked male predominance. All showed gross or microscopic hematuria and variable proteinuria. Ten had had normal renal function tests at the time of presentation, and there was no significant worsening of renal function in the 11 patients followed for six to 84 months after biopsy. No morphologic change was detected in two repeat biopsies six and seven years after the initial biopsies. These 12 patients appear to form a distinct clinicopathologic entity. They can only be separated from other glomerular disorders with IgA when the morphologic and clinical findings are considered in combination with the finding of diffuse IgA predominance on renal biopsy.

Complement C3↗
PubMed1977

The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses.

1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A simplified approach to the measurement of specific airway resistance.

A simple algebraic manipulation of known formulas leads to a direct expression for the specific airway resistance (SRaw) which precludes separate measurements of the airway resistance (Raw) and the thoracic gas volume (TGV). The equation is: SRaw = tg beta (PBar - PH2O) e2, in which tg beta stands for the relation between the plethysmographic box volume and pneumotachograph flow fluctuations; PBar - PH2O is the barometric por graphical units. Thanks to this new formula SRaw can now be easily measured with great precision and quickly calculated, even in the case of those children (Table 1) with whom this was not previously possible. No further cooperation is needed than breathing at a normal rate through mouthpiece into a whole-body plethysmograph. The intraindividual coefficient of variation (CV) for SRaw is about 8% and never exceeds 15% (Table 1).

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1976

Induction of an autologous immune-complex glomerulonephritis in the rat by intravenous injection of heterologous anti-rat kidney tubular antibody IV: Effect of injection of HgCl2 prior to the antibody.

Autologous immune-complex glomerulonephritis developed in rats injected s.c. with HgCl2 2 days before the injection of anti-tubular fraction 3 antibody. The glomerulonephritis was progressive and characterized by granular deposition of IgG and C-3, with proteinuria from the eighth week onwards. Granular densities and severe glomerular basement membrane changes were observed when the experiment was terminated after 9 months. A possible mechanism of the glomerular lesion is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Familial renal amyloidosis. Case reports, literature review and classification.

Three siblings (two brothers and a sister) of Polish origin, presented in late middle age with the features of the nephrotic syndrome and hypertension. Glomerular deposition of amyloid was found in all on renal biopsy. No amyloid was seen on rectal or gingival biopsy. Their mother and a maternal aunt died in middle age with a clincally similar disease. These cases are compared with other forms of hereditary amyloidosis which are briefly reviewed. The hereditary amyloidoses are classified with particular emphasis on neural and renal involvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Clinical, light, and electron microscopy findings in idiopathic haematuria.

The electron microscopic findings are reported in detail in 20 patients submitted to renal biopsy with the major complaint or clinical finding of gross or microscopic haematuria. The lesions were classified histologically into four groups: group 1, minor glomerular alterations; group 2, focal mesangial thickening and/or cellular proliferation; group 3, diffuse mesangial proliferation; and group 4, other lesions. The major ultrastructural alterations included irregularity in thickness and density of the capillary basement membrane, with apparent discontinuity and bi- or multilaminar splitting of the lamina densa. There were varying degrees of foot process fusion, visceral epithelial polykaryocytosis, and granular deposits related to the capillary basement membrane. Densities were found in the mesangial basement membrane-like material, which was often markedly increased in quantity. A few microtubular aggregates were observed in endothelial cell cytoplasm. Changes consistent with acute diffuse proliferative and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis were also seen. The significant clinical findings, histological groups, and ultrastructural changes are correlated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Primary glomerular disease with extraglomerular vascular osmiophilic deposits.

The ultrastructural changes in renal arterioles and capillaries from three cases of epimembranous nephropathy, one case of minimal change, and one case of minimal change with mild focal proliferation are presented. In addition to the usual subepithelial deposits on the glomerular capillary basement membranes in the cases of epimembranous nephropathy, osmiophilic granular deposits were observed on the outer aspect of extraglomerular vascular basement membranes. No clinical history of hypertension was obtained and there was no histological evidence of renal hypertensive vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Congenital nephrotic syndrome and renal vein thrombosis in infancy.

Three of the four cases of the nephrotic syndrome in infancy described show the typical clinical and pathological features of the commonly termed congenital nephrotic syndrome, and two of them abnormal immunoglobulins. Two of the infants were siblings. The placental abnormalities and renal electron microscopic changes are reported and are believed to be involved in antigen-antibody reactions. The literature is reviewed and the possible aetiology of these lesions is discussed. The fourth case is considered to be due to thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and renal veins, an extremely rare cause of the nephrotic syndrome in infants.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1971

Light and electron microscopical studies of focal glomerular sclerosis.

Renal biopsy material from seven cases of the nephrotic syndrome due to focal glomerular sclerosis has been studied by light, electron, and immunofluorescent microscopy. The nature of glomerular basement membrane changes and the scar tissue was also studied. It was found that the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix formed the major components of scar tissue. On the basis of a short history in some of our cases, a poor response to steroid therapy in the early stages, and the distinct morphological changes, it is suggested that focal glomerular sclerosis has an independent origin and is not a stage of minimal change lesion.

Adolescent↗