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Biomedical subjects

F Aug

Publications and source records attributed to F Aug.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Methods of studying mucociliary function].

The mucociliary system represents the first respiratory tract barrier which acts by removing insoluble particles from the conductive airways. Impairment of mucociliary clearance, due to respiratory mucus and ciliary activity abnormalities, leads to mucus stasis, responsible for infection and bronchial obstruction. In obstructive airway diseases, the efficiency of the mucociliary function can be investigated quantitatively by in vivo and in vitro tests. In vivo mucociliary clearance can be measured by radioactive marker techniques. In vitro tests can evaluate the physical properties and transportability of mucus. The ciliary function can easily be analyzed on ciliated cells collected by nasal or bronchial brushing. Coupled with respiratory function tests, the investigation of the mucociliary function by in vivo and in vitro tests, provides a guideline for selection and assessment of drugs used to correct mucociliary disorders.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of hemodilution on the ventricular function of the coronary patient].

Ten patients (9 males and 1 female: mean age: 64.8 +/- 7 yr) were studied. They were all stabilized coronary heart disease patients free of cardiac failure who where to undergo normovolaemic haemodilution as medical treatment of lower limb arteritis. Ventricular function was assessed by a radioisotope method: myocardial perfusion (thallium-201 and dipyridamole scintillation scan) and left ventricular contraction by technetium-99m angiography. Blood volume was measured by iodine-131 marked albumin. The following parameters were also measured: plasma viscosity, blood viscosity at seven different speeds, red blood cell aggregation index and filtration index. These were all measured before and 24 h after normovolaemic haemodilution which was carried out with à 5% albumin solution. This haemodilution was well tolerated: 1,062 +/- 335 ml of blood were sampled, the same volume of albumin being transfused, thus reducing the mean haematocrit from 0.42 +/- 0.05 to 0.32 +/- 0.02 (p less than 0.01). Normovolaemia was respected. Blood viscosity was reduced, especially at low speeds and the red blood cell aggregation index was also reduced. Ventricular contraction did not vary. Moreover, the basal myocardial state as assessed by the thallium scintillation count was not modified by the haemodilution, even being improved in three cases. The dipyridamole perfusion (the equivalent of an effort test) gave no changes in seven patients, resolved the ischaemic signs in two patients and slightly increased ischaemia in one case.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Effect of the mucoregulator S-carboxy-methyl-cysteine in patients with chronic bronchitis.

Twenty patients with stable chronic bronchitis entered a double-blind study in which changes in clinical and respiratory function and biochemical and rheological variations were examined after treatment with the mucoregulator S-carboxy-methyl-cysteine (S.C.M.C.). After one week of single-blind placebo, a two week double-blind study was initiated with placebo or oral S.C.M.C. 3 g/24h. After two weeks, a significant clinical improvement was observed in patients treated with S.C.M.C. During treatment, there was no change in respiratory function, although a drop in FEV1/VC was noted in the placebo group. A significant increase in the viscosity of the expectorations was observed after treatment with S.C.M.C. for two weeks. The levels of secretory IgA and of serum albumin in the expectorations remained stable, whereas in the placebo group, there was a slight but significant increase in serum albumin. In this group of non-infected chronic bronchitic patients, S.C.M.C. appeared to normalize the secretory function of the bronchial mucosa by preventing inflammation and enhancing the viscoelastic properties of bronchial secretions.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Pathophysiology of chronic, bronchial hypersecretion (author's transl)].

The biochemical and rheological analysis of sputum allows one to detect abnormalities of the bronchial secretion and to describe the development of the bronchial disease. The main biochemical components of sputum and their biological activities are first described. The fibrillar structure of the mucus is related to heavy weight glycoproteins and these macromolecules contribute to the viscoelastic properties of the bronchial secretion, by their capacity to combine with other proteins such as secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA). As the chronic bronchial hypersecretory state progresses, the glandular synthesis of mucins and/or secretory proteins decreases while the passive filtration of blood-derived proteins, such as serumalbumin, increases. Such biochemical changes are frequently associated with a rise in viscosity and a loss in elasticity of sputum. These rheological modifications result in an impairment of the mucociliary clearance and therefore contribute to airway obstruction. The assessment of different indices such as the equilibrium in mucin secretion, S-IgA/serum-albumin ratio, viscosity and elasticity of sputum and its mucociliary transport rate, should lead to a better knowledge of the defense properties of the bronchial mucosa.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathophysiology of chronic, bronchial hypersecretion (author's transl)].

The biochemical and rheological analysis of sputum allows one to detect abnormalities of the bronchial secretion and to describe the development of the bronchial disease. The main biochemical components of sputum and their biological activities are first described. The fibrillar structure of the mucus is related to heavy weight glycoproteins and these macromolecules contribute to the viscoelastic properties of the bronchial secretion, by their capacity to combine with other proteins such as secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA). As the chronic bronchial hypersecretory state progresses, the glandular synthesis of mucins and/or secretory proteins decreases while the passive filtration of blood-derived proteins, such as serumalbumin, increases. Such biochemical changes are frequently associated with a rise in viscosity and a loss in elasticity of sputum. These rheological modifications result in an impairment of the mucociliary clearance and therefore contribute to airway obstruction. The assessment of different indices such as the equilibrium in mucin secretion, S-IgA/serum-albumin ratio, viscosity and elasticity of sputum and its mucociliary transport rate, should lead to a better knowledge of the defense properties of the bronchial mucosa.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of isotopic methods in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction of the right ventricle].

In the left ventricle, isotope techniques can be used to study the perfusion of the myocardium or the ventricular function. Because of the thinness of the walls of the right heart, the classical examinations and Thallium 201 perfusion cannot be used to demonstrate a disorder of perfusion in the right ventricle. Nevertheless, it is possible, with the aid of Technetium 99m labeled pyrophosphate, to diagnose and localise necrosis of the inferior wall with an acceptable degree of sensitivity, during the acute phase of the infarction. However, the major value of isotope techniques is to evaluate right ventricular function by determining the value of the global ejection fraction and the kinetic anomalies of the different walls. These methods, together with echocardiography, allow the diagnosis of lesions of the inferior part of the right ventricle in patients with inferior necrosis... Furthermore, because these methods allow quantification and because they are reproducible and repeatable, they can be used to follow the course of the right ventricular function in response to treatment.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗