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Biomedical subjects

F Austin

Publications and source records attributed to F Austin.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Increased Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion following air drying of etafilcon A soft contact lenses.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in bacterial adhesion resulting from air-drying soft contact lenses. METHODS: An in vitro study was conducted on four sets of identical, unworn etafilcon A soft contact lenses, air-dried for varying periods of time. These lenses were placed in a bacterial suspension, rinsed, ground, and plated in order to determine bacterial adhesion. RESULTS: The increased bacterial adhesion to these high water content, ionic lenses was statistically significant following five minutes of drying. Reversal of the effect was noted after rehydration. CONCLUSIONS: Soft contact lens drying results in increased bacterial adhesion.

Air↗
PubMed1995

Effect of poloxamer 407 on the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to corneal epithelial cells.

The effect of poloxamer 407 on Pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to cultured epithelial cells from rabbit corneas was investigated. Three methods of bacterial quantification were used to assess P. aeruginosa adherence: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) counts, radioactivity counts, and viable bacteria counts. Confluent monolayers of rabbit corneal epithelial cells were incubated in agitation for 30 min at room temperature with H3-labeled or nonradiolabeled P. aeruginosa (10(10) bacteria/ml) in a solution of poloxamer 407 [2% or 4% in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)] or PBS as control. Cell monolayers were washed to remove nonadherent bacteria and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and processed for SEM or processed for radioactivity counting or for culture on agar plates. The results showed that both solutions of poloxamer 407 inhibited approximately 75% of the bacterial adherence to epithelial cells (p < 0.05). Similar percentages of bacterial inhibition were obtained using the three methods of bacterial quantification. The use of an antiadherent agent such as poloxamer 407 in eye drops could possibly be a prophylactic approach to P. aeruginosa keratitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunoreactivity and protective effects in mice of a recombinant dengue 2 Tonga virus NS1 protein produced in a baculovirus expression system.

The double-stranded replicative form of dengue 2 virus (DEN-2) RNA (Tonga strain) was used as a substrate to produce DNA clones of the NS1-NS2A genes via reverse transcriptase synthesis of full length cDNA followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the NS1-NS2A region. Products were cloned into pTZ18R for sequencing and into baculovirus for expression studies. The deduced amino acid sequence of the NS1-NS2A was almost identical to that of the S1 attenuated strain of DEN-2 Puerto Rico 159, differing in only four amino acids. The NS1 protein expressed in insect cells [Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9)] from the baculovirus recombinant was indistinguishable from authentic NS1 of DEN-infected Aedes albopictus cells in glycosylation, dimerization, cellular presentation and antigenicity. Mice injected with the expressed protein developed NS1-specific complement-fixing antibodies and were partially protected against neurological residua after intracranial challenge. The protective effect was mouse strain- and gender-specific.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Anaerobic bacterial infections causing osteomyelitis/arthritis in a dog.

A 3-year-old German Shepherd Dog was examined for lameness, signs of pain, swelling, a draining fistulous tract, and osteolysis after a dog bite on the left carpus. After failure of the lesion to respond to several antibiotics, Peptostreptococcus sp and Propionibacterium sp were isolated from swab specimens and then from surgically collected bone and soft tissue specimens. The bone fragments had mild purulent osteomyelitis associated with numerous gram-positive rods and cocci. The dog was successfully treated by surgical debridement of the lesion and clindamycin administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Associations between patient religiosity and alcohol attitudes and knowledge in an alcohol treatment program.

Studies, carried out in generalized populations, have shown inverse relationships between degree of religiosity and attitudes towards drinking, knowledge about alcohol, amount of alcohol consumed, and physical complications of alcohol abuse. Within a population of chronic male alcoholics, we found that the more religious patients had a more anti-alcohol attitude; however, none of the other correlations was statistically significant. Within this population, the least religious patients were more likely to change their attitude toward alcohol and to increase their knowledge of the deleterious effects of alcohol after 4 weeks of treatment on an inpatient rehabilitation unit.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Biological behavior of human breast carcinoma-associated antigens expressed during cellular proliferation.

The cell surface-binding properties of two murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary tumor cells are described. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses demonstrate that both monoclonal antibodies, B6.2 and B38.1, are reactive with the surface of the majority of human breast tumor cell lines tested but are unreactive with a variety of normal human cell lines, melanomas, sarcomas, and lymphoid tumors. Antibody B6.2 was also reactive with selective carcinomas, while antibody B38.1 showed even broader reactivity. The two monoclonal antibodies were unreactive with the surface of a variety of normal human tissues obtained at biopsy, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen, but were reactive with mammary tumor cells obtained from four of six pleural effusions. Surface binding to mammary tumor cells by both monoclonal antibodies was shown to decrease during density-dependent arrest; further cell cycle analysis demonstrated differential antibody surface binding during S phase. Prolonged exposure of mammary tumor cells to antibody showed no evidence of antigen capping or internalization. Both monoclonal antibodies were shown to lyse mammary tumor cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Radiolocalization of human mammary tumors in athymic mice by a monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal antibody B6.2 reacts with a protein found on the surface of primary and metastatic human mammary tumors. B6.2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was purified, F(ab')2 and Fab' fragments were generated by pepsin digestion, and the IgG and its fragments were radiolabeled with 125I; all were successful in localizing human mammary tumors transplanted into athymic mice, with tumor:tissue ratios increasing over a 4-day period. The 125I-labeled IgG gave tumor:spleen, tumor:liver, and tumor:kidney ratios of greater than 10:1 and tumor:brain and tumor:muscle ratios of 50:1 to 110:1. The F(ab')2 fragment gave higher tumor:tissue ratios than did the IgG, with tumor:liver and tumor:spleen ratios of 15:1 to 20:1. No localization of the labeled B6.2 monoclonal antibody or its fragments was observed in athymic mice bearing a human melanoma or with isotype-identical control immunoglobulin or its fragments in athymic mice bearing the mammary tumors. Imaging experiments confirmed the ability of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody B6.2 and its fragments to detect the presence of transplanted human mammary tumor lesions of less than 0.4 cm without the aid of background subtraction manipulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Analysis of 100 cases of missing IUD strings.

In a study of 100 patients with missing IUD strings 69 women had their IUD in utero (4 were pregnant) and 17 had unnoticed expulsions (4 pregnancies); 9 devices were in the peritoneal cavity and one had perforated the cervix. Since the IUD was in the uterine cavity in the majority of these cases, most contraceptors whose IUD strings disappear can be managed in the office or clinic with relatively simple techniques to locate and remove the device.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1978

Acute acetaminophen intoxication.

Acetaminophen is a readily available, widely used drug which has been thought safer than aspirin. Overdosage which may result in fatal hepatic necrosis is commonly seen in the United Kingdom but is rarely reported in the United States. In a two-month period, three patients were admitted to a general hospital because of acetaminophen overdose, suggesting that this problem may occur more commonly than expected. They were successfully treated with N-acetylcysteine. Our experience in management of these three patients is presented and the pertinent literature concerning diagnosis and treatment of acute acetaminophen intoxication in briefly reviewed.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Erysipelas in quail and suspected erysipeloid in processing plant employees.

Erysipelas was diagnosed in two commercial breeder flocks of Coturnix quail and was characterized clinically by sudden mortality. At necropsy, lesions comprised generalized congestion, hemorrhages in the thigh and breast muscles, swelling of liver, spleen, and kidney, and dark red edematous lungs. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was cultured from visceral organs of affected birds. Medication with penicillin in the drinking water controlled the mortality. A possible source of infection was fish raised on the premises. Seven people at the quail processing plant developed localized inflammation of the fingers, which responded when antibiotic therapy for erysipeloid was initiated.

Animals↗