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Biomedical subjects

F Azizi

Publications and source records attributed to F Azizi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Impairment of neuromotor and cognitive development in iodine-deficient schoolchildren with normal physical growth.

In order to detect somatic and psychomotor disturbances in children and adolescents residing in areas of iodine deficiency, schoolchildren from three areas with different degrees of iodine deficiency were studied. In Randan, the prevalence of severe endemic goiter was accompanied by alteration in thyroid function, increased thyrotropin levels and retardation of both bone and psychomotor age and decreased intellectual quotient. In Tehran, where iodine deficiency is mild, visible goiter was present in 15% of schoolchildren but no alterations in thyroid function, serum thyrotropin, somatic or psychomotor development could be detected. In Zagoon, where the prevalence and severity of goiter was less than Randan but more than Tehran, thyroid function was normal but slightly decreased as compared to Tehran; somatic development was unaltered, but retardation in psychomotor development was evident and the mean intellectual quotient was less than that of Tehranian schoolchildren. These findings indicate the occurrence of physical and psychomotor disturbances in apparently normal schoolchildren from areas of iodine deficiency. Alteration in psychomotor development may occur in children with normal physical growth, due to iodine deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Survey of iodine deficiency in a rural area near Tehran: association of food intake and endemic goitre.

Goitre is endemic in many parts of Iran. This study was undertaken first to obtain the base line data and identify the nature of the problem and then to take measures to ameliorate it. Shahryar, an endemic area near the capital city, was selected as the pilot field. The sample size was 368 families. Sixty-six per cent of females and 54 per cent of males were goitrous. A food consumption survey revealed that 38 per cent and 62 per cent of the families had failed to receive at least 80 per cent of their requirement for energy and vitamin A, respectively. Free T4 index was normal but significantly lower in grade 2 goitre than the non-goitrous subjects (P less than 0.01). Significant reverse correlations were found between goitre prevalence and vitamin A and protein intakes (P less than 0.05). Supplementation with 40 micrograms iodine/g salt raised urinary iodine excretion significantly (P less than 0.001). We conclude that although iodine deficiency plays the key role in goitre, the association of other dietary factors observed in this study needs further consideration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Extragonadal sex cord tumor with annular tubules in an umbilical hernia sac: a unique presentation with implications for histogenesis.

A sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT) was found incidentally in an umbilical hernia sac excised from a 66-year-old female. No ovarian lesions were visualized on a computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the pelvis. An exploratory laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic lymph node biopsies, and omentectomy likewise showed no gross evidence of tumor. Histologic examination revealed foci of SCTAT scattered in the omentum. The peritoneal washings were positive. The ovaries and pelvic lymph nodes were free of tumor. A second-look laparotomy following six courses of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, and vincristine revealed microscopic tumor deposits in the base of the omental remnant, small bowel mesentery, anterior abdominal peritoneum, and meso-appendix. Clinically, the patient remains well following treatment with whole-abdominal radiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCTAT in the umbilical region and the only case of SCTAT without an identifiable ovarian primary. The literature is reviewed, and the possible histogenesis of the tumor in this location is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Environmental iodine intake affects the response to methimazole in patients with diffuse toxic goiter.

The response to methimazole [1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MMI)] therapy was evaluated in 18 patients with diffuse toxic goiter residing in an area of iodine deficiency (Tehran) and in 18 patients residing in an area of iodine sufficiency (Boston). The mean free T4 index (FT4I) decreased from 22.9 +/- 4.8 (+/- SD) to 4.9 +/- 4.3 in Tehran and from 23.8 +/- 5.2 to 17.0 +/- 4.1 in Boston after 4 weeks of MMI administration (10 mg, three times daily). The mean free T3 index (FT3I) decreased from 489 +/- 124 to 117 +/- 58 in Tehran and from 512 +/- 250 to 368 +/- 152 in Boston. In patients residing in Tehran, the FT4I was normal in 9 (less than 6.3 in 6), above normal in 1, and subnormal in 8 (44%) after 4 weeks of MMI treatment. In 4 of 8 patients with subnormal FT4I, serum TSH was also above normal, and clinical findings of hypothyroidism were evident. MMI (10 mg, twice daily) was then given to 15 additional patients with diffuse toxic goiter in Tehran. Mean FT4I values were 22.7 +/- 6.8, 12.1 +/- 2.5, 10.8 +/- 2.8, and 6.0 +/- 4.3 before and 8, 14, and 28 days after treatment, respectively. Corresponding mean FT3I values were 415 +/- 90, 196 +/- 36, 162 +/- 44, and 117 +/- 46. At 28 days, FT4I was subnormal in 7 (46%) patients, of whom 1 had increased TSH. These results indicate that treatment with recommended doses of MMI rapidly causes hypothyroidism in patients residing in Tehran, an area of iodine deficiency. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that the dosage of thionamide compounds and the duration of therapy with the initial doses necessary to induce euthyroidism may vary in various parts of the world.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase levels in thyroid disease.

To evaluate the association between serum, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (GGT) and thyroid function, we measured the GGT, alkaline phosphatase, free thyroxine index (FT4I), free triiodothyronine index (FT3I), and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and in normal subjects. Ten of 16 hyperthyroid patients had elevations of GGT activity. There was no difference in mean FT4I or FT3I between the groups with high GGT and normal GGT levels. Six months after treatment with radioactive iodine, serum GGT levels decreased, while there was no significant change in mean serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Mean serum GGT levels were decreased in patients with hypothyroidism and correlated well with serum TSH levels. Replacement therapy with levothyroxine sodium caused an elevation in mean serum GGT levels in six hypothyroid patients. Thus, serum GGT activity is frequently increased in patients with hyperthyroidism and may be decreased in patients with hypothyroidism. Euthyroidism results in restoration of normal GGT levels.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix: report of three cases.

Glassy cell carcinoma is a poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, hallmarked by aggressive behavior, occurrence in association with pregnancy, and a poor patient survival rate. Three of these very rare cervical, primary malignancies are reported. At the time of this writing, only one patient has survived.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Accuracy of three sampling technics for the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and hyperplasias.

Intrauterine aspiration (Vakutage), endocervical aspiration cytology and vaginal, ectocervical and endocervical (VCE) smears were used as outpatient procedures for diagnosis of endometrial cancer and hyperplasias in 840 patients. The results of the three technics were correlated with D&C or hysterectomy specimens. Ninety-three percent of the malignant lesions (82 adenocarcinomas, 5 mixed mesodermal tumors, 5 mixed adenosquamous carcinomas and 5 metastatic adenocarcinomas) were diagnosed by the Vakutage sample but only 67% by the VCE smears and 68% by endocervical aspiration cytology. The diagnostic accuracy of Vakutage in 50 cases of cystic hyperplasia was 88% (as compared to 14% for VCE smears and endocervical aspiration cytology) and 89% in 90 cases of adenomatous hyperplasias (as compared to 20% for the other two technics). Endometrial polyps were diagnosed exclusively from the Vakutage tissue sample in 83% of the 42 cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Reproductive and gynecologic surgical experience in diethylstilbestrol-exposed daughters.

Information on reproductive history, gynecologic operations, and examinations was analyzed for 338 diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposed and 298 unexposed women whose mothers participated in an evaluation of DES use in pregnancy 28 years ago. A history of infrequent menses (less often than every 36 days) was reported more commonly by the exposed women (32%) than by the unexposed women (15%) and the mean duration of menstrual flow was also less. A greater number of exposed women than unexposed women experienced primary infertility (53 versus 19). The reasons for these differences are not currently known. Comparison of the outcomes of first pregnancies showed a higher proportion of premature births, spontaneous abortions, and ectopic pregnancies in the exposed women (P less than 0.001). The difference in the occurrence of ectopic pregnancies was statistically significant (8 versus 0; P less than 0.005). An adverse pregnancy outcome was more likely in DES-exposed women with cervicovaginal ridges. However, when the outcome of all pregnancies were considered, 81% of the exposed women had at least one living child. More exposed women than unexposed women had gynecologic surgical procedures, which may, in part, be due to the increased medical surveillance of the exposed group. The spectrum of diseases at operation in both groups was similar. Adnexal masses and pelvic inflammatory disease were more commonly reported among the exposed women while the occurrence of endometriosis in both groups was similar. For the exposed women who had been examined at the Chicago Lying-In Hospital over a 4-year period, epithelial changes in the vagina had disappeared in 32% and cervicovaginal ridges had disappeared in 57%.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Insulin resistance and monoclonal gammopathy.

Two maturity-onset diabetic patients developed severe insulin resistance during the course of monoclonal gammopathies. One patient had Waldenström macroglobulinemia and the other had multiple myeloma with IgA gammopathy. The maximum insulin binding capacity (MIBC) was 121 U/liter and 54.7 U/liter, respectively, during insulin resistance. The clinical courses of insulin resistance paralleled the activity of the monoclonal gammopathies (MG) with the insulin resistance disappearing after the monoclonal gammopathies were controlled. Six other diabetic patients with concurrent insulin resistance and monoclonal gammopathies are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Effect of diphenylhydantoin on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in the rat.

Chronic diphenylhydantoin (DPH) administration (5 mg x 100 g body wt-1 x day-1) to the normal rat is associated with a decrease in the serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations without an appropriate rise in the serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration, suggesting a possible direct effect of DPH on TSH secretion. To further study this possibility, DPH was administered chronically to thyroidectomized, hypothyroid rats. In the hypothyroid rats treated chronically with DPH, serum TSH did not increase, pituitary TSH content was significantly decreased, and the serum TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was decreased compared to that of diluent-treated, hypothyroid rats. Hypothalamic TRH content was similar in DPH and diluent-treated rats. These findings suggest that DPH suppresses pituitary TSH secretion, probably as a thyroid hormone agonist. The effect of a single large dose of DPH (20 mg/100 g body wt) administered to thyroidectomized rats also decreased serum tSH but, in contrast to the findings in chronically treated rats, hypothalamic TRH and pituitary TSH content and the serum TSH responses to TRH were increased. These differences may be due to the acute inhibitory effect of a large dose of DPH on hypothalamic TRH release. Furthermore, because the effect of thyroid hormone on regulating pituitary TSH synthesis and release is dose and time dependent, the effect of DPH as a thyroid hormone agonist on pituitary TSH dynamics may also be variable.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of pregnancy experience in DES-exposed and DES-unexposed daughters.

Reproductive histories were compared for 226 DES-exposed and 203 -unexposed daughters whose mothers participated in a double-blind evaluation 27 years before. Irregular menstruation was slightly more common among the exposed (10%) than among the unexposed (4%). Nineteen of the exposed and only four of the unexposed had primary infertility. Among those at risk, 86% of the unexposed and 67% of the exposed had become pregnant. The reasons for these differences are not known. Comparison of evaluable first pregnancy outcome revealed full-term live birth to be more common among the unexposed (85%) than the exposed (47%). Premature live birth was experienced by 22% of the exposed but only 7% of the unexposed. Nonviable outcomes of stillbirth, neonatal death, miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy occurred in 31% of the exposed and 8% of the unexposed. The difference in pregnancy outcomes between the groups is highly significant. The DES-exposed with transverse cervicovaginal ridges were more likely to experience a nonviable outcome. Overall 82% of the exposed and 93% of the unexposed had at least one live offspring.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

The aging thyroid. Increased prevalence of elevated serum thyrotropin levels in the elderly.

Of 344 relatively healthy persons older than 60 years, 22 (5.9%) had a clearly elevated level of serum thyrotropin (TSH) (greater than 10 muU/mL), a finding more common in women than in men. Ten of the 22 had low values for serum thyroxine (T4) and free T4 (FT4) index, but only one had a low value for serum triiodothyronine (T3) or free T3 (FT3) index. A further 14.4% had a slightly elevated level of serum TSH (greater than 5 less than or equal to 10 muU/mL), but none had low values for serum T4 or FT4 index. Age alone has little effect on the measurements of T4; age is associated with slightly lower T3 levels, but only in men 60 years or older or in women 80 years or older. Longitudinal studies should determine if a slightly elevated serum TSH rises further with age and if there is a causal relationship between a high level of serum TSH and cardiovascular disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Remission of uterine leiomyosarcomas treated with vincristine, Adriamycin, and dimethyl-triazeno-imidazole carboximide.

Six patients with metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma have been treated with the combination of vincristine, Adriamycin, and DTIC. Complete remissions were obtained in three patients and a partial remission in a fourth. The average duration of response was 15.6 months and one patient is free of disease at 24 months. Severe nausea and vomiting caused discontinuance of chemotherapy in two patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Changes in pituitary and thyroid function with increasing age in young male rats.

As the age of young adult male rats increased from 30 to 150 days, the serum thyroxine (T4) decreased by 50% and the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increased by 250%. There was no change in the serum triiodothyronine (T3). The increment in serum TSH after injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was not significantly different at any of the ages studied, but the old animals had significantly lower increments in serum T4 and T3 after subcutaneous administration of bovine TSH. Despite a higher basal serum TSH, the older rats had a lesser increase in serum TSH after thyroidectomy or propylthiouracil. Thus, 1) there is a progressive decline in intrinsic thyroid function between 30 and 150 days of age in male rats, and 2) pituitary TSH response to fall in serum concentration of thyroid hormones is also decreased with age.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Effect of winter sleep on pituitary-thyroid axis in American black bear.

During winter sleep the black bear has decreased levels of serum total and free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and a prolonged, delayed response of serum thyrotropin (TSH) (bioassay) to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Four weeks after the end of winter sleep, levels of serum thyroid hormones increase, and TSH response to TRH is short and brisk. Serum T4 and T3 rise after TRH administration both during and after winter sleep; however, the maximum increment in serum T3 is greater during winter sleep when the TSH rise is also prolonged and exaggerated. These observations suggest that transient hypothyroidism of possible hypothalamic origin occurs in bears during winter sleep.

Animals↗