Biomedical subjects

F B Askin

Publications and source records attributed to F B Askin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia--an unusual cause of respiratory distress in the newborn.

The clinical and anatomical features of a patient with an unusual pulmonary malformation, is reported. The clinical course was consistent with the syndrome of persistent fetal circulation; morphologically, however, the patient was found to have a unique form of pulmonary dysplasia. Failure of formation and ingrowth of alveolar capillaries led to absence of normal air-blood barriers in this term infant. In addition anomalous veins were present in the bronchovascular bundles. Morphometric study indicated that the lungs were otherwise mature. This selective deficiency and dysplasia suggests that distal pulmonary epithelial and vascular development operate under separate control mechanisms.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1981

Pneumocystis infection masquerading as diffuse alveolar damage: a potential source of diagnostic error.

The nonspecific histopathologic changes of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) were the only findings in nine of 17 lung biopsy specimens containing Pneumocystis carinii infection. Because of the frequent absence of the classically described intra-alveolar frothy material, special stains for organisms should be performed on all biopsy specimens from immunocompromised patients that show DAD, and the diagnosis of Pneumocystis infection should not be discarded unless careful search for organisms using special stains is negative.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Sarcomas of bone in childhood: pathologic aspects.

Some sarcomas of bone are not characteristically childhood tumors. Within the context of osteosarcomas, telangiectatic and parosteal (juxtacortical) variants deserve recognition. Among chondrosarcomas, which ordinarily are not tumors that occur in children, the mesenchymal variant should be recognized in children especially, this lesion may be extraosseous. Fibrous histiocytoma and its malignant variant have recently emerged as morphologically specific lesions, occasionally osseous, among other spindle cell tumors. Ewing's sarcoma, which is predominantly of osseous origin, consists of undifferentiated fragile cells. The elaborate spectrum of topographic, cytologic, nuclear, and other morphologic features that fall within the designation Ewing's sarcoma are described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

The histologic spectrum and significance of clear-cell change in lung carcinoma.

We reviewed 348 consecutive cases of lung carcinoma to determine the incidence and significance of clear-cell carcinoma. Areas composed of clear cells were common in all types of lung carcinoma except small cell carcinoma. The clear cytoplasm in most cases contained glycogen. We found only one tumor fulfilling the World Health Organization (W.H.O.) criteria for clear-cell carcinoma. There were 14 other tumors which contained over 50% clear cells and therefore could be considered clear-cell carcinomas by some published criteria. Ten of these tumors also showed foci of epidermoid differentiation while four showed gland formation. The prognosis of tumors containing even large areas of clear cells does not appear to differ from that reported for the common lung carcinomas. We feel that clear-cell carcinoma should not be considered a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Rather, tumors composed even predominantly of clear cells should be classified according to the major W.H.O. categories.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1980

Interpretation and significance of pathologic findings in transbronchial lung biopsy.

We evaluated the pathologic features and clinical significance of 50 transbronchial lung biopsies from 45 immunosuppressed patients (Group I) and 41 from 39 nonimmunosuppressed patients (Group II). Specific diagnoses were established in only 36% of Group I, and of these two-thirds were infections. Expected inflammatory reactions to infection were absent in most of these immunosuppressed patients. Nonspecific pathologic changes were found in 40%, of which diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial pneumonitis were the most common. The mortality was highest for Group I patients with infections (50%) and with diffuse alveolar damage (56%). In Group II patients specific diagnoses were made in only 7%, although histologic abnormalities were found in an additional 61%. This study emphasizes several important differences which should be considered in evaluating transbronchial lung biopsies from immunosuppressed and nonimmunosuppressed patients. This biopsy procedure is most useful in diagnosing infection in immunosuppressed patients but the histology may be difficult to interpret since the usual inflammatory reactions are often absent. This procedure is also useful in evaluating nonimmunosuppressed patients, although open biopsy may be necessary when clinical and pathologic features do not correlate.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1979

Malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in childhood: a distinctive clinicopathologic entity of uncertain histogenesis.

This report describes a unique clinicopathologic entity characterized as a malignant small cell tumor of the thoracopulmonary region in 20 children and adolescents (average age 14.5 years). There was a female predilection (75%) for this tumor which appeared to originate in the soft tissues of the chest wall or the peripheral lung. The neoplasm tended to recur locally and did not seem to disseminate as widely as some of the other small cell tumors of childhood (rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma and malignant lymphoma). However, the median survival was only 8 months. Electron microscopy of 3 cases suggested a neuroepithelial derivation, but, at the present, the histogeneis remains a subject for further investigation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

Cytogenetics of extragonadal tumors.

Tissue from six human extragonadal teratomas was obtained for cytogenetic study. These included two gluteal lesions in infant females, and one each of thyroid, mediastinal, sacral and gastric teratomas in males. Tissue culture characteristics indicated tumor growth. All tumors, except the mediastinal lesion showed the presumed karyotype of its host, XX or XY. The mediastinal mass was tetraploid XXYY and contained an X chromatin body and double Y bodies. Our data support the concept that extragonadal teratomas in males and females arise mitotically from diploid cells and are more similar to identical twins. No heterosexual (XX) tumors were seen in males which would be expected in parthenogenetic tumors. The sex chromatin positive tumors seen in earlier studies may have resulted from polyploidy. Thus, male and female extragonadal teratomas have a different origin from the postmeiotic ovarian teratomas.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Multilocular renal cysts.

Multilocular renal cysts are benign lesions with an unknown histogenesis. We report 3 children and summarize information currently known about these lesions. Capsular veins were seen in two patients during the early phases of intravenous urography. Intravenous urography with sonography and arteriography may suggest the diagnosis prior to surgery.

Diseases in Twins↗

PubMed1979

Pseudocorpus luteum insufficiency: a local defect of progesterone action on endometrial stroma.

A 23-yr-old woman whose initial complaint was infertility demonstrated glandular stromal dissociation with failure of the endometrial stroma to undergo pseudodecidualization in repeated endometrial biopsies taken late in the luteal phase. As the clinical presentation was consistent with the inadequate corpus luteum syndrome, hormone measurements were performed. The endometrial biopsy was abnormal during cycles in which the serum pattern of progesterone, estradiol, FSH, and LH was normal. Exogenous progesterone did not correct the abnormality. The patient, by in vitro studies, has approximately one half the number of high affinity progesterone-binding sites in the cytosol fraction of her endometrium compared to preparations from two normal control subjects. Since her cytosol-binding protein was qualitatively identical to two control subjects, the incomplete maturation of her endometrial stroma may represent an absence or reduced number of stromal cytosol receptors and/or a resistance to specific hormone action in an individual target tissue.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Granular cell myoblastoma: a cause of biliary obstruction.

An 11-year-old boy was seen with gradual onset of jaundice. Dilated bile ducts were demonstrated by ultrasound and computerized axial tomography. The obstruction was caused by an unusual benign tumor, a granular cell myoblastoma. Cure was effected by resection and choledochojejunostomy.

Bile Duct Neoplasms↗

PubMed1978

Mucinous carcinoma of anal duct origin presenting clinically as a vaginal cyst.

The vast majority of vaginal submucosal cysts are benign lesions. Primary malignant tumors of the vagina are infrequent and most are mucosal lesions. A case is described in which an unusual neoplasm, anal duct carcinoma, presented clinically as a vaginal lesion. The importance of considering anal neoplasia in the differential diagnosis of cystic vaginal lesions is noted.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1978

Endolymphatic stromal myosis: unique presentation and ultrastructural study.

We describe a case of endolymphatic stromal myosis (ESM) in which the lesion presented uniquely as recurrent frond-like cervical polyps. The lesion behaved aggressively, spreading to the peritoneum. Ultrastructurally, this tumor closely resembled proliferative phase endometrial stroma, in accord with the theory that ESM is a low-grade stromal sarcoma. The ultrastructural correlations may aid in developing future therapy, including progestagen administration for these unusual tumors.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1978

Ectopic hypophyseal hormonal cells in benign cystic teratoma of the ovary. Light microscopic histochemical dye staining and immunoperoxidase cytochemistry.

Histologic study of the hypophyseal component of a benign cystic ovarian teratoma disclosed elements that resembled sellar adenohypophysis, pars intermedia, and neurohypophysis. Histochemical dye methods revealed secretory cells with cytologic and granule-staining characteristics of somatotrophs, mammotrophs, melanocorticotrophs, and thyrotrophs. Nongranulated follicular cells and salivary gland rest cells also were present. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining with monospecific antisera to anterior pituitary hormones revealed abundant prolactin-containing cells, which comprised more than 50% of all chromophilic cells, as well as numerous cells that contained growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Gonadotrophic cells could not be demonstrated by either tinctorial stains or immunostaining.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Müllerian adenosarcoma of the uterus: an ultrastructural study of four cases.

Four cases of uterine müllerian adenosarcoma, a distinctive form of mixed müllerian tumor, were studied by light and electron microscopy. All tumors showed the characteristic histologic pattern of benign neoplastic glands within sarcomatous stroma. Ultrastructurally, both mesenchymal and epithelial cells were seen. The mesenchymal cells showed some features of endometrial stromal cells, including the presence of intracytoplasmic collagen fibers. The epithelial cells formed glands, which resembled benign endometrial glands and were separated from the stroma by a well-defined basal lamina. No transitional cells between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells were seen. The ultrastructural features of these tumors suggest that the sarcomatous portion is of endometrial stromal origin. The glandular portion may arise, along with the stroma, from multipotential stem cells, or the glands may be non-neoplastic entrapped endometrial glands stimulated by the stroma and thus appearing to form an integral part of the tumor.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Lung biopsy in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a histopathologic study of typical and atypical features.

This study of 36 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia emphasizes a spectrum of histopathologic changes that have not been classically considered features of the infection. These atypical microscopic findings were present in 69% of the cases as defined in this retrospective examination. As expected, the suggestion of the correct diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the basis of a frozen section and without the aid of appropriate special stains was extremely difficult in the majority of biopsies. It is important for the pathologist to maintain the possibility of this infection in his differential diagnosis when he examines a pulmonary biopsy from a patient who is immunologically compromised.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Reactive eosinophilic pleuritis: a lesion to be distinguished from pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma.

Pleural nodules or sheets of histiocytes, admixed with eosinophils, giant cells, and other inflammatory cells are observed frequently in patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. This reaction, designated reactive eosinophillic pleuritis (REP), can closely resemble eosinophilic granuloma. Reactive eosinophilic pleuritis was found in pleural tissue of 22 of 57 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax in whom tissue was available for study. None of these patients had clinical or radiographic evidence of interstitial lung disease. Follow-up of 20 patients with REP ranged from six months to five years. None developed evidence of eosinophilic granuloma. Electron microscopy of one case did not show the Langerhans granules characteristic of the histiocytoses, including eosinophilic granuloma. Reactive eosinophilic pleuritit appears to be a nonspecific reaction to pleural injury, and is not a prodromal feature of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1976

Tumors of fibrous tissue origin in childhood. A clinicopathologic study of cutaneous and soft tissue neoplasms in 66 children.

Fibroblastic lesions in children present difficulties in diagnosis and in a justifiable therapeutic approach. This series reviews the clinical and pathologic features of fibroblastic soft tissue lesions from 66 children. Although radical procedures were occasionally required to achieve local control of an aggressive lesion, conservative surgery was generally successful. Recurrences were frequent, but only one lesion, in an adolescent, metastasized. No prognostic value could be found in anatomic location or in histologic features. Even cellular lesions with frequent mitoses ordinarily did not require the aggressive therapy needed in similar lesions in adults. In this series, incomplete original excision was frequent and usually related to the infiltrating margins of the lesion.

Child↗

PubMed1976

Intestinal stricture in necrotizing enterocolitis.

In a 3-yr period, eight infants among 43 survivors of acute NEC developed intestinal stricture. Four infants developed multiple stricture after proximal diversion procedures, and four had single strictures after medical therapy. Nineteen cases of intestinal stricture after NEC were collected from the literature. Radiographic examinations at the time of the acute disease were not predictive of the risk of subsequent stricture. Histologic examination showed various stages of wound healing, most prominently in the submucosa. Stricture should be considered as the cause of intestinal malfunction in any child who survives acute NEC.

Constriction, Pathologic↗