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Biomedical subjects

F Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to F Bailey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Perforation of the oesophagus and aorta after eating fish: an unusual cause of chest pain.

This report describes perforation of the oesophagus after eating fish complicated by perforation of the aorta six days later. The patient had not knowingly swallowed a fish bone. Aorto-oesophageal fistula is almost universally fatal. In the case described here, the fistula was demonstrated on contrast computed tomography before surgery, thus informing surgical management. The patient is the eighth reported survivor.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Novel and selective 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists as potential anxiolytic agents: synthesis, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling of substituted 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines.

The synthesis, biological activity, and molecular modeling of a novel series of substituted 1-(3-pyridylcarbamoyl)indolines are reported. These compounds are isosteres of the previously published indole urea 1 (SB-206553) and illustrate the use of aromatic disubstitution as a replacement for fused five-membered rings in the context of 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists. By targeting a region of space previously identified as sterically allowed at the 5-HT2C receptor but disallowed at the 5-HT2A receptor, we have identified a number of compounds which are the most potent and selective 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists yet reported. 46 (SB-221284) was selected on the basis of its overall biological profile for further evaluation as a novel, potential nonsedating anxiolytic agent. A CoMFA analysis of these compounds produced a model with good predictive value and in addition good qualitative agreement with both our 5-HT2C receptor model and our proposed binding mode for this class of ligands within that model.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of SB 200646A, a 5-HT2C/5-HT2B receptor antagonist, in two conflict models of anxiety.

SB 200646A is the first selective 5-HT2C/5-HT2B receptor antagonist and has previously been observed to have anxiolytic-like properties in the rat social interaction test. In the present study the effects of the compound in two conflict models of anxiety, the rat Geller-Seifter and marmoset conflict test, were examined. In the rat Geller-Seifter test, suppressed responding was increased by all doses of SB 200646A between 5 and 40 mg/kg PO when given 1 h pretest. Unsuppressed responding was slightly increased only at 10 mg/kg PO. Suppressed responding was also increased by the benzodiazepine anxiolytic, chlordiazepoxide, at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg PO 1 h pretest. Unsuppressed responding was modestly increased by chlordiazepoxide only at 5 mg/kg PO. In the marmoset conflict test marmosets were trained to lever press for a palatable food reward. Lever pressing was subsequently suppressed by air puffs. In this procedure suppressed responding was increased by both the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam at 2 and 5 mg/kg PO and SB 200646A after 10 and 20 mg/kg PO. Both treatments caused small increases in unsuppressed responding at 2 and 20 mg/kg PO respectively. Taken together with the previous effects of SB 200646A in the rat social interaction test, this is compelling evidence that 5-HT2C/2B receptor antagonists may possess anxiolytic properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Nitric oxide changes in the rat brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Using a porphyritic microsensor, we measured the cortical NO concentration within ischemic tissue during 2 h of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and 1 h of reperfusion in the rat (n = 36). Local cerebral blood flow was simultaneously measured by laser Doppler flowmetry to verify MCA occlusion and reperfusion. Baseline concentration of NO was < 10(-8) M. The maximum concentrations of NO during MCA occlusion and reperfusion were, respectively, 1.47 +/- 0.45 microM and 0.54 +/- 0.24 microM. Administration of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, prior to ischemia, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced NO release to 0.04 +/- 0.02 microM during MCA occlusion and completely inhibited NO release during 1 h of reperfusion. Administration of L-arginine 30 min after administration of L-NAME restored NO release (3.45 +/- 1.14 microM) during MCA occlusion; however, administration of L-arginine did not overcome the effect of L-NAME on mean arterial blood pressure. Our data indicate that NO is released in the brain after the onset of ischemia and NO levels can be modulated by administration of NO substrate and NO antagonists.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1995

Validation, role in perioperative assessment, and clinical applications of an immunoradiometric assay for human calcitonin.

We have evaluated a new immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for calcitonin (CT) (Medgenix, Belgium). The detection limit of immunoreactive CT (IR-CT) was 2.8 pg/ml, and plasma levels of IR-CT of 134 healthy adults (dynamic range, 2.8-1000 pg/ml) were < 19 pg/ml (median 4.1 pg/ml). Both basal and pentagastrin-stimulated IR-CT levels were < 30 pg/ml and were well separated from the levels in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) (46-29,000 pg/ml, n = 38). In preoperative plasma samples in five patients with C-cell hyperplasia, CT IRMA confirmed the diagnosis, although in two patients RIA failed to detect a significant increase of IR-CT. By modifying the IRMA, we could identify residual tumor tissues perioperatively in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for MTC. RIA of gel-permeation chromatography showed four IR-CT peaks, but IRMA had only three peaks, suggesting that IRMA is more specific. CT-IRMA is more specific, sensitive, robust, rapid, and reliable than RIA. In addition, neat plasma can be used directly in a single step in CT-IRMA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Retention and use of personal health records: a population-based study.

A parent-held record has been issued to all children born in New South Wales (NSW), Australia since 1988. Five years after its introduction, an evaluation was undertaken to determine its retention rate over time, rate of documentation of immunization status and other important child health information, and its perceived usefulness to parents. The cross-sectional study comprised an interviewer administered questionnaire to 622 households derived from a stratified random sample of 25 local government areas, representative of 73% of all households containing children under 5 years of age in NSW. A concurrent postal survey assessed the attitudes and use of the Personal Health Record (PHR) among a stratified random sample of 911 health care providers. Results showed that the PHR was well retained, with 89% claimed retention at 4 years, and over 78% of parents able to produce the record for inspection at interview. Of the records examined, 91% had at least one immunization recorded while 68% had a complete regimen documented by age 4 years. Overall, 93% of parents expressed satisfaction with the PHR, while 64% of all health care providers also felt that the PHR was 'beneficial to the health care children received', although only 53% of these used it regularly to record their findings. It is concluded that the PHR currently issued in NSW is well retained and valued by parents, and used by and useful to a range of health professionals.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Nitric oxide measured by a porphyrinic microsensor in rat brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

We measured, in vivo, the local concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in cerebral tissue, during and after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat (n = 8). Baseline concentration of NO was < 10(-8) M; upon initiation of ischemia, NO concentration increased to approximately 10(-6) M and then declined. Reperfusion likewise stimulated an increase in NO concentration to above baseline level. Administration of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (n = 4), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, before onset of ischemia, maintained NO at basal levels. Our data indicate that large increases in NO occur at onset of ischemia, which may affect tissue response to an ischemic insult.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Receptors mediating tachykinin-induced contractile responses in guinea-pig trachea.

1. The classification of tachykinin receptors in the guinea-pig trachea has been investigated. This was of interest because, from previous studies, it was not clear whether the guinea-pig trachea contains either a mixture of NK1 and NK2 receptors or, alternatively, a single type of novel tachykinin receptor. 2. In the present study, the guinea-pig trachea was contracted by tachykinin agonists selective for NK1 receptors (substance P methylester (SPOMe) and GR73632) or NK2 receptors (GR64349) but not NK3 receptors (senktide). 3. Against SPOMe and GR73632, the NK1 antagonist, GR71251, behaved as a reversible competitive antagonist having apparent affinity (pKB 7.05 vs SPOMe) consistent with action at NK1 receptors. GR71251 (3 microM) did not antagonize responses to GR64349. 4. The NK2 antagonists L-659,877 and Ac-Leu-Asp-Gln-Trp-Phe-Gly-NH2 (R396) antagonized GR64349 although only R396 appeared to behave competitively (pKB 5.73). Neither L-659,877 (30 microM) nor R396 (30 microM) blocked responses to SPOMe. 5. For L-659,877 and R396, comparison was made between activity in guinea-pig trachea and in preparations known to contain tachykinin receptors predominantly of the NK2 type. In the rabbit trachea, both L-659,877 and R396 had effects similar to those in guinea-pig trachea. In contrast, in the rat colon muscularis mucosae, both L-659,877 and R396 appeared to behave competitively with pKB values against GR64349 of 7.83 and 6.90 respectively. 6. It is concluded that in guinea-pig trachea, contractile responses can be induced by activation of both NK1 and NK2 receptors. The present data are discussed with reference to the proposed existence of subtypes of the NK2 receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

CMHC's and elderly services: an analysis of direct and indirect services and service delivery sites.

This study identified significant sources of variability in the utilization of CMHC services by the elderly. Program and staff specialization were examined as they critically influenced the rate of service utilization as well as the types of services made available. Data from a 1984 national survey of CMHC's were analyzed and statistically significant differences were found in overall utilization, types and amounts of direct and indirect services, and number and types of separate service delivery sites. These results suggest that variability in services utilization may be attributable to programmatic differences between CMHC's and may constitute a significant aspect of services designed to address the special needs of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of water stress on cotton leaves : I. An electron microscopic stereological study of the palisade cells.

Palisade cells from fully expanded leaves from irrigated and nonirrigated, field grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Paymaster 266) were subjected to a microscopic examination to evaluate the effect of water stress on subcellular structures. The water potential difference between the two treatments was 13 bars at the time of sampling. The dimensions of the palisade cells and their density per unit leaf area were determined by light microscopy. Palisade cells from stressed plants had the same diameter, but were taller than their counterparts in irrigated plants. The density of the palisade cells was the same in both treatments as was the fractional volume of the intercellular space. It was concluded that the reduced leaf area observed in the stressed plants resulted primarily from a mitotic sensitivity to water stress. Further, expansion of palisade cells was not inhibited by the stress imposed in this study.Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs was used to evaluate the subcellular structure of palisade cells from nonstressed and stressed plants. The fractional volumes of cell walls, total cytoplasm, chloroplasts, starch granules, intrachloroplast bodies, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and central vacuoles were determined. The surface densities of grana and stroma lamellae, outer chloroplast membranes, mitochondrial cristae, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae were also measured. The number of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes were determined. These data were expressed as actual volumes, areas, and numbers per palisade cell for each treatment. Palisade cells from stressed plants had thinner cell walls, larger central vacuoles and approximately the same amount of cytoplasm compared to cells from nonstressed plants. Within the cytoplasm, stressed plants had more but smaller chloroplasts with increased grana and stroma lamellae surfaces, larger mithchondria with reduced cristae surfaces, smaller peroxisomes and reduced membrane surfaces of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

Applications of high-performance liquid chromatography in the pharmaceutical industry.

A survey of the literature has been carried out, covering pharmaceutical applications of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from 1972-1975. The abstracts are divided into seven groups, viz. alkaloids, antibiotics, nitrogen-containing compounds, steroids, sulphur-containing compounds, formulations, and general analytical techniques. A general resume of the development of HPLC in our own laboratory from 1969 onwards is given together with fourteen chromatograms covering the spectrum of our more novel activities in pharmaceutical analysis.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Automated chromatographic determination of chlorhexidine in pharmaceutical preparations.

An automated method for the determination of chlorhexidine (Hibitane) and its salts in formulated pharmaceutical products is described. The equipment consists of a high efficiency liquid chromatograph, a variable wavelength high sensitivity ultraviolet spectrophotometric detector, the output of which is monitored simultaneously by a suitable recorder, and a digital computer. The sample is automatically introduced onto a 10-cm silica gel column by use of a slide valve. Results are calculated and printed out by the computer.

Biguanides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Membrane potential of rat adipocytes: effect of phospholipase C, concanavalin A, and adenosine.

The change in transmembrane potential of rat adipocytes was measured using the fluorescent probe 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide, diS-C2-(5). The method was calibrated by altering the potassium ion concentration while keeping the sum of potassium and sodium ions at a constant concentration of 153 mM (Bailey et al: Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics 21:333-42, 1989). Two insulin-mimetic agents, phospholipase C from Clostridium perfringens and concanavalin A, induced a dose dependent hyperpolarization of rat epididymal adipocytes, like insulin. Removal of endogenous adenosine with adenosine deaminase or adenosine receptor blockade with isobutylmethylxanthine following the initiation of insulin-induced hyperpolarization resulted in depolarization. These same agents induced hyperpolarization of -6 to -8 mV when added without insulin. The replacement of adenosine with its analogue, N6-phenylisopropyladenosine, plus insulin depolarized the cells toward the transmembrane potential established by insulin, -2.0 mV. These studies suggest that adenosine receptor occupancy is required to maintain insulin-induced hyperpolarization.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗