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Biomedical subjects

F Baker

Publications and source records attributed to F Baker.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Skin and mucous membrane ulceration in beagle dogs following oral dosing with an experimental aminoglycoside antibiotic.

G-418 is a unique aminoglycoside antibiotic that is structurally related to gentamicin; however, unlike gentamicin, G-418 inhibits growth of both procaryotic and eucaryotic cells. In a preliminary acute oral safety study, adult male and female beagles were given a single oral dose of either 2000, 1000, 500, 200, or 50 mg/kg of G-418. Ulceration of the lip, tongue, and/or gingiva occurred in all G-418-dosed dogs 1 to 9 days after dosing. Ulceration of the glans penis, penis sheath, and scrotum occurred 7 to 14 days after a single oral dose with 1000 and 500 mg/kg G-418, and ulceration of the vaginal mucosa of the 2000-, 1000-, 500-, and 50-mg/kg-dosed female dogs occurred 2 to 8 days after dosing. Ulcers of the lip and vaginal area began at the mucocutaneous border and were more severe at these borders. In some dogs a yellow membrane formed over these lesions. Ulceration of the oral and vaginal mucosa disappeared 10 days after the first occurrence and reoccurred 3-7 days later. All ulcers healed within 30 days after the single oral dose; however, at necropsy hemorhagic areas of the urinary bladder were observed in at least one of two dogs at each dose level. Similar lesions have not been reported in animals treated with any other aminoglycoside antibiotics. The etiology of these lesions is unknown.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1984

Program maturity and cost analysis in the evaluation of primary prevention programs.

Primary prevention has been growing as a major initiative in mental health, and to avoid overpromising its benefits, primary prevention programs must be evaluated in a systematic and effective fashion. Information on the developmental maturity and the direct costs of a program is very useful in assessing its merit, even if definitive findings on incidence reduction are not available for many years. This paper outlines the steps by which information on a program's developmental maturity and direct costs can be obtained, and discusses the implications of these steps for primary prevention policy.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1984

The short term effects of bezafibrate on the hypertriglyceridaemia of moderate to severe uraemia.

Hypertriglyceridaemia, an atherogenic risk factor, is a well recognised complication of uraemia, and is present in the earliest stages of the disease. Bezafibrate is an effective hypolipidaemic agent, and its effect in moderate to severe uraemia is documented in this study. Significant reductions in serum triglyceride and cholesterol have been achieved after 1 month's therapy with a reduced dosage of bezafibrate. A reduction in the hyperinsulinaemia was also seen, but no change in the fractional removal rate of injected lipid emulsion (K2) was observed. An accelerated decline in some patients' renal function was observed, which was partially reversed on cessation of treatment. Reversible elevations in the serum creatinine phosphokinase were also seen, but no patient exhibited the myositis-like syndrome associated with clofibrate.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The New York State community support system: a profile of clients.

In 1979 the New York State Office of Mental Health contracted with the authors and their colleagues for an independent evaluation of its community support services (CSS) program for the chronically mentally ill in the four upstate mental health regions. As a first step in their program evaluation, the authors present initial findings from a 1981 survey of 844 clients sampled from seven selected CSS program sites. The demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and levels of functioning of the CSS client sample are discussed and compared with similar data collected by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in a 1980 survey of chronically disabled adults in its national community support program (CSP). The authors also present a profile of the services received by the CSS clients and, whenever possible, they compare these services with those received by the NIMH CSP clients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A comparative analysis of the young adult chronic patient in New York State's community support system.

Using data from a 1981 survey of 844 clients in seven selected programs of New York State's community support system, the authors assess the relationship of client age to a wide range of individual characteristics. They are particularly concerned with whether the young adult chronic patients in their study (those aged 18 to 34) share the same negative characteristics increasingly applied to young chronic patients in the literature, and whether these characteristics also apply to older patients. Their results indicate that while the 18- to 34-year-old patients in their study did exhibit many of the problematic characteristics associated with young chronic patients, these characteristics applied to a relatively small minority of the young patients as well as to many of the older patients. In addition, the results highlight several significant strengths of young patients that have received little attention. The authors conclude by discussing the important clinical and programmatic implications of their findings.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1984

The nature of case manager support.

Case managers have been assigned a key role in community support systems (CSS) for deinstitutionalized chronic mental patients, yet little research has been published on how case managers actually work with clients. In separate intensive interviews the authors questioned 30 CSS clients and their 15 case managers about how the case managers helped or failed to help clients with their daily functioning. Results are discussed in terms of the case managers' general role, and their role in linking clients to activities, providing social support, and preventing rehospitalization. The findings suggest that the case managers, by focusing on management of reality rather than on symptomatology, foster their clients' community adjustment.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1984

The effect of renal transplantation with a minimal steroid regime on uraemic hypertriglyceridaemia.

We have studied the lipid and associated biochemical indices in 18 renal transplant patients maintained on an alternate day prednisolone regime. At an average 27 months following transplantation serum lipids were not significantly different from normals despite some renal impairment in the transplant recipients. In addition the blood sugar and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were elevated in transplanted patients. The intravenous fat tolerance test (IVFTT) was not found to be different from that of normals. In some patients IVFTT was performed before and after transplantation and it was shown that K2 (fractional removal rate of Intralipid) improved from abnormal to normal values. Thus, it has been demonstrated that previously abnormal lipid levels can return to normal after transplantation and this may be related to alternate day steroid regimes. Impaired removal of triglyceride seen in chronic renal failure is improved by transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Manager and evaluator views of program evaluation.

This article presents the results of a 1979 national survey of federally funded community mental health centers (CMHCs). The directors and chief program evaluators of 323 CMHCs returned questionnaires which allow comparisons of the opinions of the center managers and their evaluators regarding accountability and evaluation and the level and knowledge of center evaluation staff. The CMHC directors and evaluators are also compared to a random sample of community psychologists and four other criterion groups of professionals regarding their responses to three items of the service provider accountability subscale of the Human Service Ideology scale.

Attitude↗
PubMed1983

Disappearance of scrapie virus from tissues of the mouse.

Examination of newborn mice, inoculated intraperitoneally with high doses of scrapie virus, revealed that the virus could not be reisolated from their tissues after about 1 week following inoculation, until almost 1 year later. The inoculum was rapidly removed and was not detectable, although the animals became latently infected. Homogenization of whole inoculated newborn animals showed that only about 3% of virus could be recovered by the 2nd day postinoculation (p.i.). During the first 6 days p.i. the half-life of titratable scrapie was about 15 h. A further study of the rate of disappearance of clarified scrapie virus from blood after intravenous inoculation showed an even more rapid disappearance, with a half-life of 5.16 min. Prior treatment of the recipient mice with either carbon black or silica to block the reticuloendothelial system (RES) did not affect the rate of disappearance. It was concluded that the mouse possesses a very efficient means of scrapie virus removal from the blood which is not dependent upon an active RES. However, after 1 h the rate of disappearance changed dramatically; the residual virus level was very stable, with no significant drop during the next 21 h. This finding was compatible with the possibility that two forms of scrapie virus, with different removal rates, coexisted in the inoculum. Silica treatment caused a shortened scrapie incubation period.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Quality assurance and program evaluation.

Some common forces have led to increased attention to quality assurance and program evaluation in the United States. However, these two types of public accountability have developed relatively independently, resulting in somewhat different but related approaches to examining health care. The similarities and differences between quality-of-case assurance and program evaluation are discussed as related to their definitions and approaches to data collection and utilization. Pressures to integrate quality assurance and program evaluation and evidence of a convergence in the two types of assessment activities are also presented. The article concludes with a discussion of the future role of the states and localities in assuming responsibility for these two types of accountability.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Data sources for health care quality evaluation.

The central purpose of this article is to review the major approaches to evaluation of health care quality in terms of its use of different data sources. The areas of application, advantages, and disadvantages of seven data sources are presented, including direct observation, clinical records, record abstracts, clinical and administrative staff survey, patient survey, significant others survey, and population survey. Then the selection of data sources is discussed as this process is influenced by the answers to seven critical questions concerning the context of the quality assurance effort.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1982

Program evaluators in community mental health centers: results of a national survey.

A national survey of CMHC directors and program evaluators yielded responses by both directors and evaluators from 323 CMHCs (60% response rate). The majority of centers reported only one full-time equivalent evaluator or less. Evaluators generally had little or no specific formal education in program evaluation and the majority had a master's degree or less as their highest degree. However, consultants were widely used and evaluators expressed much interest in hearing about conferences, continuing education opportunities, and publications dealing with program evaluation.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1982

Quality of life in the evaluation of community support systems.

As a result of the authors' experience in conducting an evaluation of the community support system (CSS) program in New York State, they have identified five reasons for focusing on quality of life (QOL) as a desired outcome for programs for the chronically ill. These reasons are presented and problems in QOL evaluative research are discussed. Psychological indicators are distinguished from social indicators of QOL, and two methods of operationalizing perceived QOL, the psychological well-being and life domains methods, are examined. A conceptual model is presented and the results of an exploratory study of the QOL of 118 chronic psychiatric patients receiving CSS services are presented.

Chronic Disease↗