PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Beauvais

Publications and source records attributed to F Beauvais.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The consequences of drug and alcohol use for Indian youth.

Indian youth have higher rates of using alcohol and drugs in ways that increase their risk--getting very drunk, drinking while driving, and using drugs and alcohol together. The highest rate is found among reservation youth, a lower rate among non-reservation Indians, and the lowest rate among non-Indian youth. Frequency of self-reported consequences from alcohol and drug use follow the same order, with 15% of reservation seniors involved in an alcohol-related accident. The most frequent consequences involve relationship problems. Drug injection is rare in all groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Attitudes about drugs and the drug use of Indian youth.

Alcohol, marijuana, and inhalants are the easiest drugs to obtain, but all drugs are available to some students. Younger students felt that inhalants were easier to get than marijuana. Availability does not have a major effect on use; if there is motivation to use, drugs are available. Perceived harm is linked to use, and 8th-grade reservation youth show the lowest belief that drugs are harmful; only 51% believe that using marijuana regularly will lead to "a lot" of harm. In general, non-Indian youth show higher rates of perceived harm, congruent with their lower rates of drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Drug use of friends: a comparison of reservation and non-reservation Indian youth.

There is not much drug use at school, but reservation youth are most likely, non-reservation Indian youth next most likely, and non-Indian youth least likely to have used drugs at school. Alcohol and drugs are used most frequently at weekend parties and at night with friends. Reservation youth are twice as likely as the others to have used alcohol while driving around and three times more likely to have used drugs while driving around. Drugs are used with friends. Heavy drug users are more likely to have friends who use drugs and friends who encourage drug use and are less likely to have friends who would try to stop them from using drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Characteristics of Indian youth and drug use.

The overall high rates of drug use found among Indian youth may be accounted for in part by lack of educational and employment opportunity and other endemic problems of Indian reservations. Individual drug involvement is most highly related to membership in drug-using peer clusters; but because of physical isolation, links between drug use and close friends are weaker for Indian youth, and family influence is felt more strongly. Anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem are not related to drug involvement, but angry youth are more likely to have drug-involved peers. Risk factors for Indian youth are low family caring, age first drunk, poor school adjustment, weak family sanctions against drugs, positive attitudes toward alcohol use, risk of school dropout, father not at home, and poor religious identification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[How to evaluate the hemodynamic risk after myocardial infarction?].

The hemodynamic prognosis of myocardial infarction is determined, at medium and long term, by the function of the left ventricle. This is related to the infarct size, the dilatation and geometry of the ventricle secondary to left ventricular remodeling which often follows infarction. In addition to clinical criteria, the hemodynamic parameters which are essential for patient evaluation are the ejection fraction (by radionuclide or conventional ventriculography), rapidly progressive ventricular dilatation (by repeated echocardiography) and circulatory reserve from the exercise stress test data.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1991

Regulation of human basophil activation. I. Dissociation of cationic dye binding from histamine release in activated human basophils.

Human basophil activation was demonstrated by histamine release (HR) and by the decrease of the toluidine blue-positive basophils (TB+). In four experimental systems, TB+ number decreased in the absence of HR (1) in basophils from atopic subjects stimulated by allergen concentrations below the threshold for HR, (2) in basophils sensitized by anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE stimulated by noncovalently linked 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-human serum albumin (also, the threshold for decrease of TB+ required lower concentrations of sensitizing anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE than for HR), (3) in low Ca++ medium, and (4) in the presence of the Na+/H+ exchanger, monensin. These results suggest that (1) there is a lower threshold for TB+ decrease than for HR in allergen concentration, number of membrane IgE molecules, and number of IgE cross-linkings; moreover, external Ca++ requirement is lower for decrease of TB+ than for HR and (2) TB+ decrease reflects either granule exocytosis or, in the absence of HR, biochemical changes (most probably cation exchanges) altering the interaction of the basic dye with the granules. Thus, monitoring decrease in TB+ allows detection of basophil activation in the absence of HR.

Basophils↗
PubMed1991

Critical incidents: failure in prevention.

Attempts at preventing drug and alcohol use by youth may fail more often than they succeed, but failures are rarely reported in the literature. There are three types of failure: (1) failure to initiate, (2) failure to be effective, and (3) failure to thrive. Brief descriptions of prevention failures of all three types are presented and the reasons for failure are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The role of the psychologist on the drug user treatment team.

Current practice in drug user treatment tends to provide, within any one agency, essentially the same treatment for all clients entering that agency. Instead, an agency should use a team approach, with a specific and unique treatment plan for every client, provided by the members of the team. The psychologist should play a central role on this team, being responsible for the treatment plan, for an individual evaluation plan, for assessing progress, for program evaluation, and, in many instances, for supervision of treatment staff. The functions and the different roles played by the psychologist are described, and the characteristics and skills needed for success are listed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Bimodal IgG4-mediated human basophil activation. Role of eosinophils.

The role of IgG4 antibodies in allergic disorders is suspected. Yet, their presence on human basophil membrane has not been demonstrated and the mechanism of the degranulation induced by anti-IgG4 antibodies remains unclear. As previously reported, we observed that monoclonal anti-IgG4 (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) induced histamine release in the presence of D2O from leukocytes of normal and atopic subjects. The release was accompanied by a decrease of the number of toluidine blue-positive basophils (TB+). Histamine release and TB+ decrease were also observed with lower concentrations of anti-IgG4 (1 to 100 pg/ml). Since basophil activation assessed by TB+ decrease was more sensitive than histamine release, we thus used the former method to further study the mechanisms of the anti-IgG4- vs anti-IgE-induced basophil activation. Basophil activation by anti-IgG4 at 1 to 100 pg/ml, but not by anti-IgG4 at 10 to 100 micrograms/ml or anti-IgE, required the presence of polymorphonuclear cells. Furthermore, anti-IgG4-stimulated purified eosinophils, but not neutrophils, released basophil-activating factors identified as cationic proteins from eosinophils. Thus, the human basophil can be activated by anti-IgG4 via two different mechanisms according to the antibody concentration. At high concentrations (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) basophil activation does not require the presence of polymorphonuclear cells whereas at lower concentrations (1 to 100 pg/ml) the presence of eosinophils is necessary. We propose that in the latter concentration range, basophil activation is a two-step process: 1) release by anti-IgG4 of eosinophil cationic proteins that 2) will, in turn, activate human basophils. This study lends support to the role of IgG4 and eosinophils in anaphylactic reactions.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1990

Adolescent drug use: findings of national and local surveys.

Adolescent drug use increased until about 1981, but since then it has steadily declined. Current data show some drug use in the 4th and 5th grades and considerable increases from the 6th to the 9th grades. For drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, and stimulants, lifetime prevalence continues to increase through high school; for drugs such as inhalants and heroin, lifetime prevalence may decline for Grades 10, 11, and 12, suggesting that students who use these drugs early may drop out. Drug use of rural youth is similar to that of other youth. Barrio, ghetto, and Native-American reservation youth may have high rates of use, but use of Black and Hispanic seniors may be equivalent to or less than that of White seniors. National data and broadly defined ethnic data, however, may cover up important subgroup differences. For example, Western Mexican-American girls have lower use than Western Spanish-American girls, possibly because of the greater influence of "marianisma." Different locations may also have very different patterns of adolescent drug use, calling for different types of local intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Links from emotional distress to adolescent drug use: a path model.

Administered anonymous surveys asking about drug use, emotional distress, and peer drug associations to 11th and 12th grade high school students (N = 563). Emotional distress variables accounted for only 4.8% of the variance in drug use. The addition of peer drug associations as a predictor variable increased the variance accounted for to 43.4%. A path model of adolescent drug use based on peer cluster theory was tested using LISREL, and this provided a good fit with the data. As predicted, peer drug associations dominated the prediction of drug use and mediated the effect of emotional distress on drug use, with the exception of a small residual path directly from anger to drug use. The hypothesis that young people take drugs to alleviate emotional distress does not hold up well; emotional distress variables, with the exception of anger, produced only very small and indirect links to drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

American Indian youth and drugs, 1976-87: a continuing problem.

Continuing surveillance of drug use among American Indian adolescents living on reservations shows them to have rates of use higher than those of their non-Indian counterparts. Marijuana use is particularly high among Indian students. By the 7th grade a significant number of Indian youth have tried drugs, particularly marijuana and alcohol, and there are few significant differences by gender. Based on observed patterns of use, intervention strategies need to begin in the elementary school years and target both males and females equally.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium on anti-IgE-induced and anti-IgG4-induced basophil degranulation.

Both anti-IgE and anti-IgG4 induce human basophil degranulation as assessed by toluidine blue staining. Anti-IgG4 has been recently shown to act on the human basophil by a 2-step process: anti-IgG4 induces the release from eosinophils of eosinophil cationic proteins which in turn induce human basophil degranulation. In the present study, we show that sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium have no direct effect on human basophil degranulation but inhibit the anti-IgG4-induced degranulation. This effect was dose-dependent and significant inhibitions were obtained at 2.5 to 25 mumol/L for sodium cromoglycate and 25 mumol/L for nedocromil sodium. No drug effect was observed on the basophil degranulation induced by supernatants from anti-IgG4-stimulated eosinophils. However, the release of basophil degranulating factors (eosinophil cationic proteins) by anti-IgG4 from purified eosinophils was significantly inhibited after preincubation with 25 mumol/L of sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium. Taken together, these results indicate that both sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium have an inhibitory effect on the first step of anti-IgG4-induced human basophil degranulation, thus strongly suggesting that these drugs inhibit the release of eosinophil cationic proteins from human eosinophils.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Indian and Anglo adolescent alcohol use and emotional distress: path models.

Anonymous surveys of alcohol use and emotional distress of 11th and 12th grade students were administered to 327 reservation Indian adolescents and 524 Anglo adolescents. Path models based on peer cluster theory were developed and tested. Results argue against a self-medication theory of adolescent alcohol use. Emotional distress variables had little effect on alcohol involvement, with the exception of anger which operated in opposite directions for the two groups. The highest relationship with alcohol involvement in both groups was with peer alcohol associations, confirming the a priori hypothesis that much of adolescent alcohol use is linked to peer associations. Those relationships, however, were much stronger in Anglo youth, suggesting that alcohol may be used more frequently in nonpeer situations by Indian youth, or at least in situations where the peers are not those close friends who have very similar patterns of alcohol use. The most important difference between Indian and Anglo youth, however, may be the role that anger plays in alcohol involvement. In Anglo youth, anger may be associated with problem behaviors including alcohol use. In Indian youth, higher anger is linked to higher self-esteem, and tends to reduce alcohol use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Occult participation: its impact on adolescent development.

This study investigated the relationship between occult participation, substance abuse, and level of self-esteem in adolescents. Data were collected from 50 adolescents who ranged in age from 12 to 19 years and who spoke English as their primary language. The combined group of adolescents consisted of 25 clinical and 25 nonclinical youth. Participants completed a three-part questionnaire package which included Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, the Adolescent Magic Questionnaire, and the Drug and Alcohol Assessment Scale. Results indicated that adolescent substance abuse and occult participation were significantly related. High and low occult participation groups were determined, and significant differences were found between the high versus low occult groups when compared on the primary variables of self-esteem and substance abuse. Significant differences were also noted when comparing the high versus low occult groups with various psychosocial developmental variables. Included is a discussion of the impact of occult participation on the psychosocial elements of adolescent self-esteem, self-concept, tolerance for deviance, and religious involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Human basophil degranulation triggered by very dilute antiserum against IgE.

When human polymorphonuclear basophils, a type of white blood cell with antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) type on its surface, are exposed to anti-IgE antibodies, they release histamine from their intracellular granules and change their staining properties. The latter can be demonstrated at dilutions of anti-IgE that range from 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(120); over that range, there are successive peaks of degranulation from 40 to 60% of the basophils, despite the calculated absence of any anti-IgE molecules at the highest dilutions. Since dilutions need to be accompanied by vigorous shaking for the effects to be observed, transmission of the biological information could be related to the molecular organization of water.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗