Biomedical subjects

F Benard

Publications and source records attributed to F Benard.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

A possible role for calcitonin-gene-related peptide in the regulation of the smooth muscle tone of the bladder and penis.

We investigated the effect of calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) on bladder contractions and penile erection in 12 dogs. In a system in which the arteries were tied bilaterally to ensure delivery of high drug levels to the bladder, arterial injections of CGRP significantly reduced the peak intravesical pressure of bladder contractions induced by pelvic nerve stimulation or arterial injection of carbachol. When given intravenously, CGRP had no effect on bladder contractions consequent to neural stimulation. Intravesical instillation of CGRP, however, reduced the bladder contractions significantly. Histologic staining showed CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers within the smooth muscle layers of the bladder wall. Intracavernous CGRP increased cavernous arterial flow and induced cavernous smooth muscle relaxation and venous outflow occlusion. Muscarinic blockade had no effect on the canine intracavernous pressure response to intracavernous injection of CGRP. Histologic staining for CGRP-immunoreactivity showed nerve-fiber-like staining within the cavernous arterial wall, the nerves running near the cavernous arteries, and the cavernous smooth muscles. Our results suggest a possible role for CGRP in the regulation of the smooth muscle tone of the bladder and penis.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Treatment of infants with neurogenic bladder dysfunction using anticholinergic drugs and intermittent catheterisation.

The use of anticholinergic drugs in infants with neurogenic dysfunction has not been well documented. In this study, 35 neonates at risk of upper urinary tract damage from neurogenic dysfunction were treated from infancy with anticholinergics, in combination with clean intermittent catheterisation. None of the patients showed upper urinary tract deterioration with follow-up ranging from 6 to 72 months, although 2 required vesicostomy--1 due to difficulty with catheterisation and 1 due to possible anticholinergic side effects. Only 2 (6%) have had clinical pyelonephritis. Twenty-five (76%) are virtually dry between catheterisation. We conclude that anticholinergics are safe and effective, even in the neonatal period, when used in combination with clean intermittent catheterisation for the treatment of neonates with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

PubMed1990

Repeat hepatic resection for primary and metastatic carcinoma of the liver.

During the last 15 years, 19 patients underwent repeated hepatic resections for malignant lesions of the liver. The first hepatic resection had been performed four to 40 months earlier for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (nine patients) or hepatic metastases (ten patients), eight of which were of colorectal origin. Repeat resection was an extensive hepatectomy in six, a segmentectomy in six and a local excision in seven. In one patient, three wedge resections and, finally, hepatic transplantation were subsequently performed after an initial extended right lobectomy. The operative mortality rate was 5.2 per cent. The three year actuarial survival rate was 64 per cent after the second resection.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Local and systemic effects of chronic intracavernous injection of papaverine, prostaglandin E1, and saline in primates.

To compare the local and systemic effects of chronic intracavernous injection of papaverine, prostaglandin E1, and saline on erectile tissue, eight pigtail monkeys underwent 75 injections over a nine-month period. Monkeys were divided into three groups; each group received papaverine (10 mg.), prostaglandin E1 (20 micrograms.), or saline (one ml.). The erectile response was closely observed for two hours after each injection to monitor the onset, degree, and duration of erection. Liver function tests were performed every three months to detect early systemic metabolic changes. After sacrifice, the simian penises were perfused in situ and examined histologically with both light and electron microscopy. Papaverine resulted in an initially strong erectile response, but this was maintained throughout the length of the study in only two monkeys. In contrast, prostaglandin E1 resulted in tumescence that was maintained in all monkeys over the nine-month period. In addition, the papaverine group had elevated liver enzymes and significant histologic changes with loss of normal architecture on both light and electron microscopy. The other two groups showed only minimal histologic changes or none.

Alprostadil↗

PubMed1989

Acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter in penile erection.

We investigated the erectile response to intracavernous injection of increasing doses of acetylcholine (0.5 to 500 micrograms.) in 10 monkeys. To differentiate between nicotinic (ganglionic) and muscarinic (parasympathetic postganglionic) effects, acetylcholine was likewise administered after 1.6 mg. trimethaphan camsylate and 0.1 mg. atropine, alone or sequentially. Erections were induced by cavernous nerve stimulation before and after atropine. Acetylcholine induced a dose-dependent, triphasic erectile response: a first tumescence phase followed by contraction and a subsequent second phase of tumescence. Atropine reduced but did not abolish the erectile response to acetylcholine: attainment of maximal intracavernous pressure after neurostimulation was both delayed and reduced (mean 25 cm. H2O). Only after combined nicotinic and muscarinic blockade was the erectile response to acetylcholine completely abolished. Histologic staining for acetylcholinesterase in five additional monkeys that had not received acetylcholine showed dense staining within the cavernous erectile tissue and around the cavernous arteries. Our data suggest that acetylcholine is a possible neurotransmitter for penile erection in monkeys.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1989

Possible role for acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter in canine penile erection.

In 15 adult dogs, the possible role of acetylcholine as a parasympathetic neurotransmitter in canine penile erection was investigated. Intracavernous injection of increasing dosages of acetylcholine (0.1-100 micrograms) induced a dose-dependent erectile response with increased arterial flow, cavernous smooth muscle relaxation, and venous occlusion. This erectile response was completely abolished after muscarinic blockade by intracavernous injection of 0.1 mg atropine. After cavernous nerve stimulation, atropine injection significantly reduced the pudendal arterial flow (by 25%) and likewise caused a significant reduction in cavernous outflow restriction. Histologic staining showed acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers around the cavernous arteries and within the cavernous erectile tissue.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1988

The diagnosis of venogenic impotence: dynamic or pharmacologic cavernosometry?

In an attempt to refine the diagnosis of venogenic impotence, we evaluated different techniques of cavernosometry in 10 dogs. Saline was perfused intracavernously in five dogs to induce erection. Regardless of the amount required for induction, a mean flow rate of 23.4 ml./min. was necessary to maintain an intracavernous pressure level of 110 cm. H2O. In seven dogs, a leak was created by intracavernous insertion of a 19-gauge needle. When erection was induced by either cavernous nerve stimulation or a combination of papaverine injection and saline perfusion, the mean flow through the needle was significantly less than when erection was induced by saline perfusion alone (1.73, 1.78, and 8.77 ml./min., respectively). Sympathetic trunk stimulation at the level of L5 could reduce the intracavernous pressure by 90% in erections induced by neural stimulation or papaverine plus perfusion but had no effect on erection induced by saline perfusion alone. Our findings show that cavernosometry after intracavernous injection of papaverine will provide more valuable information in patients in whom venogenic impotence is suspected.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

The rationale for pharmacologic cavernosography.

To refine the diagnostic method for opacification of aberrant venous drainage in venogenic impotence, an experimental study was done in eight monkeys. In all monkeys, cavernosography after induction of erection by saline perfusion showed significant drainage via the cavernous veins. However, when cavernosography was performed after neurostimulation or papaverine injection, no cavernous drainage was visualized, even when the intracavernous pressure had been significantly lowered by creation of an artificial cavernous leak. Because erection can result from saline perfusion only when the volume perfused exceeds the venous outflow capability, cavernosography during saline-induced erection will always demonstrate the entire venous system and, thus, is of no diagnostic value. Pharmacocavernosography imitates the physiologic venous occlusive mechanism and should therefore be used to identify the abnormally draining veins in venogenic erectile dysfunction.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Inguinal hernia. The Shouldice parietal repair].

Parietal repair according to the Shouldice technique consists of a double line of sutures on each of three musculo-aponeurotic layers of the groin, i.e. successively: plicature of the transverse muscle and attachments; aponeuroplasty by back-to-back suture of the internal and external oblique muscles, and plicature of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. Parietal repair of this kind is only possible after wide dissection of the inguinal region. It can be performed under local anaesthesia during a short hospitalization period. Normal activity is rapidly resumed, and in the experience of those who favour this technique, the recurrence rate is a mere 1%.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ureteroscopy versus in situ extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the treatment of calculi of the distal ureter].

In a retrospective study from a unique center (St. Luc Hospital, Montreal) stone clearance of 88 consecutive distal ureteral calculi (below pelvic brim) treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in situ were compared to a group of 94 distal ureteral calculi treated by ureteroscopy during the same period. Our results show 84% success rate for ureteroscopy which is clearly superior than 58% stone clearance rate at 3 month follow-up for ESWL Success rate was influenced by stone size in the ESWL group but not in the ureteroscopy group. This study reveals similar success rate for calculi smaller than 6 mm but for larger calculi, success rate of ureteroscopy is significantly superior.

Adolescent↗