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Biomedical subjects

F Bernaudin

Publications and source records attributed to F Bernaudin.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Accelerated statural growth in children. 26 cases].

From the present study devoted to the follow-up of 26 children (20 girls and 6 boys) having a tall stature, three major points have emerged: (1) an excessive acceleration of the speed of growth is characteristic of abnormal heights; (2) an endocrine disorder is responsible for the accelerated growth in 50 percent of the cases, and (3) when the cause cannot be determined or suspected by clinical examination, measurement of bone age is the first parameter to be requested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Central nervous system relapses after bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission.

This study defines the risk of central nervous system (CNS) relapse in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission, with no posttransplant prophylactic CNS therapy. Ninety-two consecutive patients in complete remission received BMT for ALL (n = 82) or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with poor prognostic factors at diagnosis (n = 10). Sixty-six patients received allogeneic BMT (Allo-BMT) and 26 patients, without an identical sibling, underwent autologous BMT (Auto-BMT). Fifteen patients had CNS involvement at diagnosis and underwent BMT in first remission. Eight patients experienced CNS relapse after BMT, corresponding to a probability of 11% at 3 years. Apart from a history of prior CNS involvement, no patient characteristic evaluated statistically influenced CNS relapse after BMT. The probability of CNS relapse was 5.5% for the 70 patients without history of CNS involvement and 27.5% for the 22 patients with prior CNS involvement. However, subgroup analysis showed that the increased risk of CNS relapse is mainly observed in Auto-BMT patients with history of prior CNS involvement, particularly in patients undergoing BMT in first remission (three of five Auto-BMT versus one of ten Allo-BMT). Taking into account the multiple factors which influence the occurrence and the treatment of CNS leukemia, the results on this retrospective study suggests that (1) for patients without CNS involvement at diagnosis and for whom BMT is performed in first remission, cranial irradiation before BMT and posttransplant prophylactic CNS therapy can be omitted because of the low probability of CNS relapse after BMT (3.4%), when total-body irradiation (TBI) is included in the conditioning regimen; and (2) the difference observed between Allo-BMT and Auto-BMT patients with previous CNS involvement and undergoing BMT in first remission could indicate that graft-versus-host leukemia acts even in the CNS in Allo-BMT patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Macrophage activation syndrome linked to Epstein-Barr virus].

Epstein-Barr virus infection is one of the etiologies that should be discussed in patients with macrophage activation syndrome. We report a case that is consistent with this diagnosis. The role of the Epstein-Barr virus in the etiologic diagnosis of VAHS (virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome) is specified. In pediatric patients with VAHS, the other causes of macrophage activation should also be discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Teicoplanin in combination therapy for febrile episodes in neutropenic and non-neutropenic paediatric patients.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of teicoplanin in combination with other antimicrobial agents for therapy of severe suspected or proven Gram-positive infection in children and also to determine a dosage regimen for paediatric patients. Twenty children were given 23 courses of teicoplanin therapy for 11 septicaemias, one erysipelas, one cellulitis and 11 cases of fever of unknown origin. Eighteen of the 20 patients had severe underlying disease: one solid tumour, 15 acute lymphoblastic leukaemias, two acute myeloblastic leukaemias; 15 were neutropenic; 19 had a central line. Thirteen Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the blood cultures in eleven patients. There were eight coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), (five methicillin-resistant) and four Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Teicoplanin was given as a 30 min infusion twice on the first day then once a day. The mean unit dose was 6 mg/kg for first eight patients. One clinical failure and lower serum concentrations than expected led us to increase the dosage to 10 mg/kg daily for the remaining patients. Tolerability remained excellent. It is concluded that antistaphylococcal treatment for febrile episodes in neutropenic patients can be satisfactorily provided by teicoplanin 10 mg/kg iv daily with a second loading dose on the first day. One injection a day is a convenient schedule in paediatrics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Value of cyclosporin A in dermatomyositis in a child].

Cyclosporin A was used in a 3 1/2 year-old child with dermatomyositis exhibiting severe junctional impairment and intolerance to steroids. After a few weeks, marked clinical improvement was observed allowing a reduction of the doses of steroids. After 9 months, the clinical status was satisfactory: the calcifications had lost their inflammatory characteristics. No side effect of cyclosporin A was observed at the dose used (4.4 mg/kg/d) which maintained effective blood concentrations between 80 and 220 ng/ml.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

[Autoimmune neutropenia disclosing AIDS in a child].

A 15 month old child with a history of multiple infectious diseases was admitted to hospital for investigation of pyrexia and general ill health. She was anaemic with a persistent neutropaenia associated with hypergamma globulinemia, indicating intense autoimmune activity: cellular immunity was abnormal with a normal total lymphocyte count but a very low T4/T8 ratio. HIV serology was positive; the virus was isolated from a lymph node biopsy specimen. The parents for the child were HIV positive and the father went on to develop full blown AIDS. The neutropaenia was constant over the two years of follow-up and granulo-immunofluorescence studies suggested an autoimmune origin. In contrast to autoimmune thrombocytopaenia and haemolytic anaemia, autoimmune neutropaenia is a rare condition. A few cases have been reported in adult AIDS. Our case is of additional interest as it illustrates the vertical mode of transmission of AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[In vitro effect of amphotericin B on polymorphonuclear chemotaxis and large granular lymphocytes with natural killer activity].

Amphotericin B (AB) is known as an inhibitor of PMN chemotaxis. The chemotaxis of "large granular lymphocytes" (LGL) which are hypothesized to be involved in the antifungal defenses has been only recently investigated. Therefore we have studied the effect of AB on the LGL chemotaxis. LGL are prepared by centrifugation of peripheral blood non adherent cells on a discontinuous gradient of Percoll. They are more susceptible than PMN to the toxicity and chemotactic inhibition induced by colloidal suspension of AB Fungizone i.v. whereas the microparticular suspension has no effect. Deoxycholate (DOC) used for the AB solubilization is responsible at high doses of Fungizone i.v. (1 and 10(-1) mg/ml) of the toxic effect observed. The particular size seems to be also important. Morever at the therapeutic concentrations (2 to 4 X 10(-3) mg/ml) only the chemotaxis of PMN and LGL induced by FMLP is reduced whereas there is a stimulation of the PMN response to zymosan. The differences in the susceptibility of LGL and PMN to AB may explain the immunomodulation induced by this drug.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1987

[The role of IgE in recurrent ORL infections in children].

The high incidence of bacterial super-infection in atopic individuals has long been known, especially in asthma and atopic dermatitis. In recurrent ENT infections in children, increased IgE levels are found in half the cases; this increase results from two main mechanisms: a predisposition to allergy (often with positive RASTs), and certain viral infections: respiratory syncytial virus, para-influenzae, and measles, that trigger production of partly non-specific serum IgEs. In the latter situation, the increased IgE levels are both a cause and a consequence of recurrent infections. More recently, in some forms of atopic dermatitis (infant and Buckley syndrome), attention has been drawn to the severity of viral superinfections (herpes, chickenpox, vaccine), which is directly correlated with the IgE levels. The mechanism of such infections is unclear: the local increase in IgE levels is responsible for degranulation of mastocytes which in turn results in edema, fissures of mucosae and congestion; an effect on the lymphocytic response is possible, with inhibition of the production of certain lymphokines, especially interleukins.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1986

Phenotype of early erythroblastic leukemias.

Nine cases of early erythroblastic leukemia, unidentified by usual criteria, have been diagnosed using a panel of antibodies. Three cases arose in patients with Down's syndrome, one in a patient with therapy-related leukemia, and four patients were in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia; only one case arose de novo. Blast cells could be assigned to two main stages of erythroid differentiation: presence of all erythroid-specific proteins in two patients, a phenotype corresponding to an immature erythroblast; absence of the erythroid markers such as glycophorin A and spectrin in the presence of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme I, ABH group antigens, and the antigen defined by FA6 152 monoclonal antibody in six patients, a phenotype related to a late erythroid progenitor (CFU-E). One patient had an intermediate phenotype. All patients except one demonstrated a megakaryocytic component. In three patients, chromosomal abnormalities were present, detected both in blasts and in erythroid colonies. In conclusion, these findings indicate that most "cryptic erythroleukemias" are blocked at a "CFU-E-like" stage of differentiation, it may be a frequent event in Down's syndrome and chronic myeloid leukemia, and these erythroleukemias are phenotypically heterogeneous.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1985

[Opportunistic Toxoplasma gondii infections].

In children with cellular immune deficiency, toxoplasmosis may result in severe infection, chiefly because of cerebral impairment presenting as meningo-encephalitis or as a pseudo-tumoral syndrome. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation or AIDS are high risk situations. Most often it is a reviviscence of former foci toxoplasma cysts. Diagnosis is difficult because serology is not contributive. Isolation of trophozoites in the cerebrospinal fluid is rare. CAT scan and sometimes cerebral biopsy allow unquestionable diagnosis. Early treatment (pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, spiramycine) may lead to complete recovery.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

Alpha fetoprotein.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of infused intralipids on neutrophil chemotaxis during total parenteral nutrition.

A number of previous studies have suggested that the fat emulsion, Intralipid, might compromise human host defenses, due mainly to impairment of neutrophil functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Intralipid on neutrophil chemotaxis in cancer patients receiving total parenteral nutrition including 500 ml of 20% Intralipid over 6 hours (83 ml/hr). No impairment of neutrophil chemotaxis was found during or after lipid infusion. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether, in routine clinical practice, intralipids are responsible for impairment of other neutrophil functions and whether side treatments have a protective effect for neutrophil functions.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗