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Biomedical subjects

F Best

Publications and source records attributed to F Best.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Comorbidity of diabetes and eating disorders. Does diabetes control reflect disturbed eating behavior?

OBJECTIVE: This multicenter study was designed to explore the prevalence of clinical and subclinical eating disorders (EDs), the extent of intentional omission of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents, and its relationship to glycemic control in an inpatient and outpatient population of men and women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data have been collected from 12 diabetes medical centers in two German cities. In a questionnaire and interview-based study, a sample of male and female patients (n = 341 type 1, n = 322 type 2) was assessed for the following eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. For lack of interview data of several patients meeting the screening criteria, prevalence ranges were calculated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence range of current EDs was 5.9-8.0% (lifetime prevalence 10.3-14.0%). When patients were stratified according to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there was no difference in prevalence of EDs. However, the distribution of the EDs was different in both types of diabetes, with a predominance of binge eating disorder in the type 2 diabetes sample. Type 1 (5.9%) and type 2 (2.2%) diabetic patients reported deliberate omission of hyperglycemic drugs (insulin or oral agents) in order to lose weight. Compared with control subjects, neither the presence of EDs nor insulin omission influenced diabetic control. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be no difference in prevalence rates of EDs in both types of diabetes; however, distribution of EDs is different. The findings suggest that neither EDs nor insulin omission are necessarily associated with poor control of glycemia. Binge eating disorder seems to precede type 2 diabetes in most patients and could be one of the causes of obesity that often precedes type 2 diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Target fasting glycaemia for pump-treated type-I diabetics.

In 17 type-I diabetic patients on continuous s.c. insulin infusion (CSII) therapy, potential interrelationships between fasting levels of blood glucose (BG), serum free insulin (free IRI), total (free and bound) insulin (total IRI) and insulin-binding immunoglobulin G ( IgGI ) were evaluated. There was no consistent relationship between the basal s.c. infused insulin dosages and the associated insulinaemia or glycaemia. A significant inverse correlation was found between the fasting levels of serum free IRI and BG (P less than 0.005). On the basis of this interrelationship, a target range of 90-110 mg/dl for fasting BG during CSII treatment is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The influence of medium composition, osmolarity and albumin content on the acrosome reaction and fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa: development of an improved zona-free hamster egg penetration test.

The influence of medium composition, osmolarity and albumin concentration on the ability of human spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction and penetrate zona-free hamster ova has been investigated. Raising the osmolarity but not the albumin concentration of the media was found to significantly increase the proportion of spermatozoa exhibiting an acrosome reaction and penetrating hamster ova, without influencing motility. There was, however, no correlation between the size of the acrosome reacted population and penetration rates between samples, suggesting that the zona-free hamster egg penetration test is more than just a measure of the availability of acrosome reacted cells. As a result of this study, a revised protocol for the hamster egg assay is described which is shorter and considerably more sensitive than conventional procedures.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1983

Influence of caffeine on movement characteristics, fertilizing capacity and ability to penetrate cervical mucus of human spermatozoa.

When added to frozen-thawed human semen, the 3 doses of caffeine tested (2, 5 and 10 mM) induced a significant increase in the percentage of motile spermatozoa but did not influence the quality of movement. Considerable variability was noted between samples in their responsiveness to caffeine which, at the 5 and 10 mM doses, was significantly correlated with the degree of motility lost during cryostorage. Caffeine treatment of frozen-thawed human spermatozoa also increased the number of spermatozoa penetrating cervical mucus in unit time, by increasing the frequency rather than the success of collisions between spermatozoa and the cervical mucus interface. When caffeine-stimulated spermatozoa were washed free of seminal plasma containing this compound they were no longer at an advantage with respect to their motility or fertilizing ability. When 2 mM-caffeine was added to washed suspensions of capacitated spermatozoa it failed to stimulate motility but did significantly enhance the fertilizing ability of the spermatozoa, indicating a possible clinical role for this compound in in-vitro fertilization therapy.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1982

Sperm function in patients with unexplained infertility.

Sperm function was studied in 27 patients with hitherto unexplained infertility. The ability of spermatozoa to reach the site of fertilization was assessed by laparoscopic sperm recovery from the peritoneal fluid and fimbrial rinsings and sperm fertilizing capacity with the zona-free hamster egg penetration in vitro test. The ability of spermatozoa to reach the site of fertilization correlated significantly with their fertilizing capacity in vitro, but was totally unrelated to any of the conventional criteria of semen quality, including the postcapacitation movement characteristics of the spermatozoa. Among patients with unexplained infertility, there are individuals with defects of sperm function which cannot be identified by conventional clinical techniques.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Effects of work scheduling on time-income tradeoffs.

Existing theory and data on work--leisure preferences suggest that how work and free time are scheduled may influence workers' preferences regarding the exchange of income for free time. In general, hours and income are not traded in a strict one-to-one fashion; rather, the value of leisure time is in part a function of the "lumps" in which free time is made available. Exploratory research on an accidental sample of 248 employees in ten work organizations supports this hypothesis. Some societal implications of these findings are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1976

Chest physiotherapy and the distribution of ventilation.

The injured or postoperative thorax is commonly treated with physiotherapy employing "unilateral breathing" techniques. The ability of these methods to alter the distribution of ventilation and blood flow (oxygen uptake) was examined in four patients undergoing bronchospirometry. No change was observed in these measurements in the lung toward which efforts were being directed to either enhance or restrict the mechanics of breathing. To further examine the problem, two susceptible subjects were hypnotized following intubation for bronchospirometry, and emotional and physical states were suggested that limit motion in one hemithorax. This included the presence of pleuritic pain in one subject who had ample experience with this symptom. In no instance did we find a change in the distribution of ventilation or blood flow to the lung that was supposed to be limited; however, in 17 subjects, lying on one side produced a significant increase in ventilation and blood flow in the dependent lung. Lying on one side or the other consistently and predictably modified ventilation and blood flow, while attempts to produce similar changes by voluntary intention or commonly applied mechanical aids were ineffective.

Breathing Exercises↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analysis of human sperm function following exposure to the ionophore A23187. Comparison of normospermic and oligozoospermic men.

Time exposure photomicrography and interspecific in vitro fertilization techniques have been used to compare the responses to the divalent cation ionophore A23187 of spermatozoa from normal fertile and oligozoospermic men. The fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from the fertile controls produced a bell-shaped dose response curve when assessed in the presence of ionophore. The optimal responses occurred in the presence of 50 and 100 microM A23187. At this concentration, a mean penetration rate of about 75%, in association with multiple polyspermy, was observed without significant changes in motility patterns. At higher doses of A23187, there was a decline in fertilization rates, an independent reduction in sperm motility, and a significant decrease in the amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement. In contrast to the fertile controls, spermatozoa recovered from patients with oligozoospermia failed to exhibit a significant change in their fertilizing potential following exposure to A23187. Calculations based on the Poisson distribution theory indicated that this lack of responsiveness was not related to any differences in the motility of the spermatozoa from the oligozoospermic patients compared to the controls. These results suggest that calcium ionophores may be of value in providing a rapid and sensitive indicator of the functional competence of human spermatozoa, which circumvents problems concerning the rate and efficiency of sperm capacitation encountered with conventional protocols.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diabetes mellitus and eating disorders: a multicenter study on the comorbidity of the two diseases.

Because diet is a key issue in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, it is assumed that these patients are prone to eating disorders. In a multicenter study, we have therefore assessed the prevalence of eating disorders in 662 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (n = 340) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (n = 322). A two-stage study combining self-rating questionnaires and a standardized interview was carried out. We found a prevalence of eating disorders of 5.9% (lifetime prevalence of 10%), irrespective of gender and type of diabetes; 4.1% of the whole sample reported intentional insulin undertreatment or omission. When patients were stratified according to IDDM and NIDDM, there was no difference in the prevalence of all eating disorders (point prevalence 5.5% vs. 6.5%, lifetime prevalence 10.0% vs. 9.9%). Prevalence of bulimia nervosa (BN) was more frequent in IDDM patients (point prevalence 1.5% vs. 0.3%, lifetime prevalence 3.2% vs. 1.9%) and binge eating (BED) was more frequent in NIDDM patients (point prevalence 1.8% vs. 3.7%, lifetime prevalence 2.6% vs. 5.9%). We conclude that eating disorders seem to be equally frequent in IDDM and NIDDM patients. However, there might be different features of eating disorders in both types of diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diet liberalization and metabolic control in type I diabetic outpatients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

In 10 type I diabetic outpatients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), dietary habits and metabolic control were investigated. Under conditions of a conventional diabetes diet (including 5-6 meals per day and a strictly planned meal intake) as well as under a "less restricted diabetes diet" (e.g., free choice of number, timing, and amount of carbohydrate intake) near normoglycemia could be achieved. Mean daily blood glucose levels did not change significantly when the patients' nutrition was alternated between both diets. During the "less restricted diabetes diet," the patients opted for a rather high fat intake (51 +/- 5% fat, 34 +/- 5% carbohydrate, and 15 +/- 2% protein). Despite this unintended dietary behavior, serum lipids and body weight remained normal after an observation period of 4-6 mo. It is concluded that during permanent near normoglycemia achieved by CSII a partial liberalization of the diabetes diet does not introduce any short-term or long-term metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Adolescent↗