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Biomedical subjects

F Black

Publications and source records attributed to F Black.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Reactions to cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a study on emotions and communication behavior of the resuscitating physician].

Reactions of 20 physicians to cardiopulmonary resuscitation were examined by describing their emotions and communication in over 260 situations of resuscitation. All actions of physicians being helpful for the relatives in their grief change physicians' emotions after resuscitation. Though denial helps the physicians in confrontation with the relatives, it also seems to impair their emotional coping. Coping strategies of physicians are quite different: Young physicians show a pattern of emotional denial and activity in their resuscitation behaviour. Doctors being more experienced tend to deny less in this sense. Physicians with recent loss seem to cope very little emotionally. Active resuscitation behaviour results after resuscitation in being relieved for a short time, but coping is impaired because of the activity pattern. Speaking after resuscitation seems to improve coping.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Cardiac function in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and with no other active infections.

OBJECTIVE: to investigate cardiac function and prognostic significance of echocardiographic findings in patients with uncomplicated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Doppler echocardiography was performed in 60 male patients with HIV-infection and no signs of other active infections, and in 36 age and sex matched normal control subjects. The survival time of the patients was assessed 36 months after the echocardiographic examination. RESULTS: None of the patients had significant pericardial effusions, intracardiac tumors, signs of valvular endocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy. In none of the patients were the fractional shortening or the early and atrial mitral flow ration (E/A ratio) below the 95% confidence limit of the control group. The E/A ratio was slightly, but significantly, decreased in AIDS patients both as compared to asymptomatic HIV-infected patients and as compared to normal control subjects because of increased heart rated in the AIDS patients. Within the three-year observation period, 28 of the patients died from HIV-related disease. In the group of deceased patients, there was no significant correlation between blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular diameters, fractional shortening, E/A ratio and the survival time. CONCLUSION: In a population of HIV-infected patients with no other active infections, cardiac abnormalities seen to be uncommon, and the echocardiographic fractional shortening and E/A ratio were not related to the survival time of such patients. Thus, our data does not evidence that HIV is a direct cardiac pathogen.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

What do patients expect in a general practice consultation?

The technique used in this study indicated that in the study group there was a high degree of concurrence between a patient's expectations and the consultation outcome. The rate of concurrence would have been much higher if the group who were 'unsure' as to their expectations had not been included. This method could be used as an instrument for continuing education by focusing a doctor's attention on patient expectations. For the doctors involved in this study it was reassuring to see that by the measure utilised they were often aware of their patients' expectations and able to direct the consultation according to this knowledge.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1992

PASSHIV-1 treatment of patients with HIV-1 infection. A preliminary report of a phase I trial of hyperimmune porcine immunoglobulin to HIV-1.

OBJECTIVE: To study the safety of intravenously administered porcine-derived hyperimmune immunoglobulin to HIV-1, PASSHIV-1, in humans. METHODS: Fourteen HIV-1-infected individuals were treated for 5-7 days with intravenous infusions of highly purified PASSHIV-1 (> 95% pure). Two of the 14 patients were retreated 3 months later with PASSHIV-1 for an additional 5 days to evaluate side-effects from retreatment with porcine immunoglobulins. RESULTS: Ten of the patients had no side-effects from PASSHIV-1 therapy. Three patients experienced transient urticarial eruptions, which responded to antihistamine administration and did not require discontinuation of therapy. One patient, who received concomitant administration of human gammaglobulin, experienced serum sickness (type 3 hypersensitivity reaction). All patients demonstrated a significant improvement in fatigue (100% response), weight (all those with previous weight loss gained weight), fever (100% response), polyneuropathy (100% response), bronchitis (100% response), candidiasis (100% response), diarrhea (100% response), and dermatitis (100% response). One out of the five patients with Kaposi's sarcoma demonstrated > 50% improvement. Mean CD4+ cell counts in the group rose from 143 +/- 263 to 234 +/- 323 x 10(6)/l 4-6 months following completion of therapy (P = 0.013, paired Student's t-test); CD4+ counts rose > twofold in six individuals. p24 antigen, present in four patients, was negative following therapy in all patients. Other laboratory parameters that responded to therapy included: platelet counts (71% response), leukopenia (57% response), elevated lactic dehydrogenase (100% response), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (100% response). PASSHIV-1 was well tolerated by HIV-1-infected individuals. CONCLUSION: This therapy appears to be efficacious in ameliorating some of the clinical aspects and symptoms of HIV-1 infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Effect of lactic acid producing bacteria on the human intestinal microflora during ampicillin treatment.

20 healthy volunteers participated in a double blind study concerning the effect of lactic acid producing bacteria on the intestinal microflora during ampicillin treatment. 10 volunteers received 500 mg ampicillin tablets t.i.d. together with capsules containing lactic acid producing bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum) for 7 days, and the other 10 volunteers were given 500 mg ampicillin tablets together with placebo capsules t.i.d. for 7 days. Both groups of volunteers continued the intake of the capsules t.i.d. for another 14 days after the ampicillin administration had been completed. The number of enterococci, streptococci and corynebacteria decreased during ampicillin administration but returned to normal levels after 14 days. Yeasts increased during the antibiotic treatment but returned to the same levels as before treatment within 14 days. Escherichia coli strains were suppressed in most volunteers during ampicillin administration. The numbers of anaerobic gram-positive cocci and rods decreased in most subjects during ampicillin treatment but were normalized within 2 weeks. Bacteroides strains were recovered in higher numbers in the lactic acid producing bacteria group compared to the placebo group. The volunteers receiving lactic acid producing bacteria were recolonized slightly faster than those having placebo. There were adverse effects observed in 3 subjects receiving ampicillin plus placebo. In the lactic acid producing bacteria group, one subject had diarrhoea on day 3 to on day 3 to day 7.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

AIDS-related lymphoma. Histopathology, immunophenotype, and association with Epstein-Barr virus as demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization.

To investigate the range of pathology shown by acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas arising in an epidemiologically well-defined group of patients, all cases of lymphoma recognized in Danish human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals up to the end of 1988 were studied. Twenty-seven cases (26 high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma [NHL], 1 Hodgkin's disease) were found, to give a cumulative incidence rate of 8% among Danish AIDS patients. Morphologically most NHL patients were classified into two groups: 1) high-grade tumors with a predominant population of immunoblasts, either monomorphic or more often polymorphic with plasmacytic differentiation; 2) Burkitt-type. Of 26 NHLs, 22 had a B-cell paraffin-section immunophenotype and 4 were non-B, non-T. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was demonstrated in tumor cells of 12 of 24 cases (50%) using in situ nucleic acid hybridization with a 35S-labeled probe in paraffin sections. Epstein-Barr virus DNA was found in 65% of group 1 and 20% of group 2 tumors. This study suggests the existence of two main groups of AIDS-related lymphoma with different pathogeneses. First there are immunoblast-rich lesions, which usually are associated with EBV and morphologically resemble lymphomas described in immunosuppressed organ-transplantation patients. Second there are Burkitt-type tumors in which EBV sequences are less common and that may be pathogenetically analogous to sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Salmonella and Shigella carriers among refugees from the middle east and Sri Lanka in Denmark.

One per cent of ten thousand refugees were asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella and Shigella species found by a differentiated health check programme at a Danish Red Cross arrival centre in Denmark 1985 and 1986. Six patients with typhoid fever and one with S. parathyphi-A septicaemia all fell ill within the first few weeks after arrival. A child of a chronic S. typhi carrier developed typhoid fever four months after arrival. Cases of sporadic and mild diarrhoea occurred due to Salmonella and Shigella species. The carriers were instructed in prophylactic, hygienic measures and no outbreaks developed. The health check system in this period seemed to be sufficient in relation to preventing outbreaks of infections caused by non-typhoid Salmonella and Shigella species. The relative cost-effectiveness of a more intensive S. typhi screening on arrival is questionable. The organization of health check systems should be reviewed regularly, as each refugee situation is different and will change in different periods.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1986

Characterisation of orbiviruses of the Kemerovo serogroup: comparison of protein and RNA profiles.

Nine viruses of the Kemerovo serogroup (orbivirus genus; family, Reoviridae) isolated from seabird ticks (Ixodes uriae and Ornithodoros maritimus) from eight different geographical locations (four from Scotland, two from Morocco, one from Eire, one from England, one from the Faeroes Islands) were examined. All nine viruses produced unique RNA electropherotypes but showed a 2 : 4 : 3 : 1 grouping of the ten double-stranded RNA segments. The virus-induced proteins were labelled with 35S-methionine in a Vero cell line. Seven of the viruses isolated from Ixodes uriae produced similar profiles of nine major polypeptides. The remaining two viruses, isolated from Ornithodoros maritimus from Morocco, produced profiles in which only five major viral proteins could be readily detected, four of which had similar molecular weights to proteins apparent in the other isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis B infection in Vietnamese families.

The occurrence of hepatitis B infection as measured by sensitive serological tests for HBsAg, HBeAg and hepatitis B-specific antibodies was studied in Vietnamese refugee families. HBsAg was found in 10% of 301 children studied. Totally 74% of all HBsAg-positive children had an HBsAg-positive mother or father and an additional 7% had a positive sibling. The distribution of these cases indicated that the risk of HBs-antigenemia was increased 11-fold for those who had an HBsAg-positive mother compared with all other children. The presence of HBeAg in the HBsAg-positive parents was associated with a threefold higher risk of HBs-antigenemia in children as compared with the presence of anti-HBe. It was thus documented that HBV in this population is spread primarily by intrafamilial routes and prophylactic measures within risk families should largely be able to control the appearance of new HBsAg carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

RII-RIII chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria from East Africa: studies of the in vivo and in vitro response to chloroquine.

A case is reported of Plasmodium falciparum malaria from East Africa resistant to chloroquine in the in vivo test at the RII level. Serum chloroquine concentrations and the in vitro test indicated RIII resistance. The need for further comparative studies of parasitaemia, serum chloroquine concentration and in vitro chloroquine sensitivity assessment is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Viral hepatitis in southeast Asian refugees.

Five hundred sixty-four Vietnam refugees were studied for past or present infection with hepatitis A and B virus (HAV and HBV) by sensitive serological assays for hepatitis B surface and e-antigen and antibodies to HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg, and HAV. Fifteen percent of the men and 6% of the women were HBsAg-positive. Of these 66% were also positive for HBeAg. Serum transaminase values did not effectively differentiate between the infectious HBeAg carriers and the less infectious anti-HBe carriers. The HBsAg carrier rate did not increase by age after infancy, and among children, carriers clustered around HBsAg carrier mothers only. In contrast, the distribution of antibodies to the three HBV-associated antigens suggested continuous exposure throughout childhood, and a 90% prevalence rate was found at the age of 20 years. Screening for HBeAg in this new population group is necessary if appropriate precautions are to be taken, and if medical management of these patients is to be optimal. The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A increases with age to 90% at 15 years. Among anti-HAV-positive children and adults IgM- anti-HAV was found in 8% of the children and none of the adults, indicating that only a few children may be in an infectious stage at the time of study, and therefore no specific prophylactic precautions are necessary.

Adolescent↗