Biomedical subjects

F Bladou

Publications and source records attributed to F Bladou.

39 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cystic renal cancers. 14 case reports].

The authors present 14 cases of renal cancers with a cystic appearance raising pre and intraoperative diagnostic difficulties. Although ultrasonography has become the first-line investigation, computed tomography is now the most accurate diagnostic examination. The diagnosis of complicated benign cyst must be proposed very cautiously and the persistence of doubtful images justifies surgical exploration. In order to be reliable, frozen section histological examination must include all of the cystic tumour. Polar nephrectomy with frozen section examination is therefore the recommended intraoperative diagnostic procedure in a case of suspicious cyst. The curative treatment of these cancers is classical radical nephrectomy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Construction of a urinary sphincter by means of an electrically stimulated striated muscle: experimental procedure and urodynamic results on canine model.

A canine model of urinary neosphincter using electrically stimulated autologous striated muscle is described. The superior belly of canine sartorius was activated by a pacemaker with an intermittent low frequency stimulation (0.5-1 pulse per sec) during 7 weeks. Then, the muscle graft was passed around the urethra and sutured back on to itself to form a neosphincter. The surgical procedure was easy to perform and with no complication. Urethral pressure profile was performed initially (T0), and when the muscle was in peri-urethral position, before (T1) and during electrical stimulation (T2). The continence parameter readings (maximal urethral closure pressure MUP, functional length FL, continence zone CZ, and continence area CA) increased from T0 to T1, and from T1 to T2. We noted: 1) 28%, 38%, 52%, and 86% increases for the MUP, FL, CZ, and CA respectively from T0 to T1, 2) 10%, 41%, 30%, and 43% increases for MUP, FL, CZ, and CA respectively from T1 to T2. Chronic low frequency stimulation could transform a skeletal fast-twitch type 2 muscle into a slow-twitch fatigue-resistant type 1 muscle. In this study, morphological changes of the stimulated muscle were noted, whereas phenotype was unchanged. This dynamic autologous neosphincter may be a new alternative to the artificial urinary sphincter prosthesis with fewer complications. Further studies are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of such a neosphincter as continent system for bladder substitution after pelvic exenteration for pelvic cancers.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tolerance and feasibility of perioperative treatment with interferon-alpha 2a in advanced cancers.

BACKGROUND: Major surgery impairs the cellular immune response. In order to stimulate the immunological system during the perioperative period, we have studied the clinical and biological tolerance, and the immunological and histological effects of a perioperative treatment using progressive doses of Interferon-alpha 2a, from the third preoperative day (D-3) until the tenth postoperative day (D10). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients undergoing a major surgical procedure for advanced cancer were included. The clinical and biological parameters evaluated were the body temperature and the blood cell counts. Immunological effects were evaluated by counting the total number of lymphocytes, lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cells (NK), and by analysis of the NK activity, and lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) assay. RESULTS: Hyperthermia was the most toxic effect of Interferon-alpha but the overall toxicity was minor, even at the highest dose level. In the early postoperative period there was a significant decrease in total lymphocytes, and in most lymphocyte subset counts when compared with D-3. Overall NK and LAK activities significantly increased from D-3 to D-1 (p < 0.02). A postoperative decrease in NK activity was noted that was not significant when compared to pretherapeutic values, whereas a significant decrease in LAK activity did occur on D4 despite the interferon treatment (p < 0.03). Since we found a dose-dependent effect on some lymphocyte subsets, there was not a clear dose-dependent effect on NK and LAK activities. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative alpha 2a administration is a safe treatment in advanced cancer patients that may allow a postoperative preservation of NK activity and a destruction of potential circulating metastatic cells. Further studies are ongoing on perioperative immunotherapy in advanced cancer patients.

Adolescent↗