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Biomedical subjects

F C Greiss

Publications and source records attributed to F C Greiss.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Responses of the gravid uterine vasculature to arterial levels of local anesthetic agents.

Responses of the uterine vasculature and myometrium to uterine arterial infusions of local anesthetic agents were evaluated in chronically prepared conscious ewes between 86 and 141 days of gestation. Decreases in uterine blood flow (UBF) with increasing levels of anesthetic drugs were similar to those previously observed in nonpregnant ewes. A 25% decrease in UBF occurred at 7 micrograms of bupivacaine, 11.5 micrograms of 2-chloroprocaine, and 19.5 micrograms of lidocaine per milliliter of control UBF. Myometrial tonus did not change significantly except with bupivacaine where an increase occurred (P less than 0.001). These data indicate that local anesthetic agents may lower gravid UBF by a direct vascular effect and by stimulation of myometrial contractility. The possible clinical implications of these observations are discussed.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1978

Maternal deaths from ectopic pregnancy in the South Atlantic region, 1960 through 1976.

The authors have calculated the maternal mortality rates from ectopic pregnancy in the Southeastern United States. Between 1960 and 1975 81 per cent of 207 ectopic deaths occurred in nonwhite women. A more detailed study of 24 deaths from ectopic pregnancy in North Carolina shows that from 1961 to 1976 4.2 per cent of all direct obstetric deaths and 15.9 per cent of deaths from hemorrhage were due to reptured ectopic gestation. The most striking observation was the dramatic reduction in deaths from ectopic pregnancy among nonwhite women. Maternal mortality rates for ectopic pregnancy should properly be based on the conception rate, consisting of live births plus abortions rather than live births alone. Missed diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy as a factor in maternal mortality rate requires more intensive educational efforts directed toward primary-care physicians.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1978

The effect of prostaglandins and other vasoactive substances on uterine blood flow and myometrial activity.

The effects of prostaglandins (PG's), bradykinin, and adenosine on uterine blood flow (UBF) and intrauterine pressure (IUP) were investigated in conscious oophorectomized ewes. PGE1 and adenosine increased UBF to levels comparable to those induced by estradiol-17beta, whereas PGE2 and PGA1 achieved only 20 and 36 per cent of peak estradiol-induced levels, respectively. PGE1, PGE2, and adenosine all caused transient increases in IUP while PGA1 had no effect on myometrial activity. Bradykinin increased UBF to 60 per cent of peak estradiol-induced levels, with concomitant increases in IUP tonus. PGE2 and PGF2alpha decreased peak estrogen-induced UBF by 50 and 70 per cent, respectively, while inducing related increases in IUP. When compared with oxytocin, the effects of PGE2 at high flow appeared to be mediated only my myometrial activity, whereas PGF2alpha apparently caused vasoconstriction as well. These findings support the concept that PGE1 could play a role in mediating estrogen-induced uterine vasodilatation.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1977

Differential reactivity of the gravid uterine vasculatures: effects of norepinephrine.

Norepinephrine dose-conductance-response relationships were determined for the placental and nonplacental vasculatures of ewes between 95 and 130 days of gestation with the use of radioactive-labeled microspheres injected under flow meter guidance. The regression line for the placental circulation differed significantly from that for the nonplacental circulation (P less than 0.01). The decrease in nonplacental conductance was 30 to 45% of control greater than the decrease in placental conductance. These responses are consistent with the hypothesis that the site of placental vascular resistance is in vessels of larger caliber than those which are usually the primary site of resistance to blood flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Uterine blood flow and its distribution after chronic estrogen and progesterone administration.

The rates and distributions of uterine blood flow (UBF) were measured in conscious castrated ewes during estradiol, progesterone, and combined-hormone regimens. Supplemental progesterone decreased the magnitude of UBF observed on estradiol alone. Progesterone favored distribution of UBF to the uterine caruncles and estradiol favored distribution to the myometrium and uterine cervix. Proportionate endometrial blood flows were similar on all hormone regimens. These observations suggest that estradiol secretion may not be responsible for the definitive increase in UBF observed during ovine pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Ovarian tumors.

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Endometriosis↗
PubMed1976

Uterine pressure-flow relationships during early gestation.

Placental and myoendometrial pressure-flow relationships were determined in 17 gravid ewes between 29 and 110 gestational days with the use of radioactive-labeled microsphere injections under flow meter guidance. Myoendometrial relationships were consistently curvilinear with convexity toward the flow axis. From 29 to 40 days, caruncular-cotyledonary relationships were similar to myoendometrial ones. After 50 days, the relationship was slightly but significantly curvilinear with convexity toward the pressure axis. From 42 to 50 days, responses were intermediate. The changes in caruncle-cotyledon vascular reactivity correlated with the onset and maturation of interdigitation of fetal and maternal tissues during definitive placentation. A hypothesis for these changes in vascular reactivity is presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of local anesthetic agents on the uterine vasculatures and myometrium.

Intravascular procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine decrease blood flow to the placental and nonplacental vascular beds of gravid ewes by stimulating vasoconstriction and myometrial contractility. These effects appear to be direct ones since they are not affected by alpha-adrenergic blockade. Dose-response curves determined in nonpregnant ewes indicate that significant decreases in blood flow may occur at arterial blood concentrations encountered clinically. It is proposed that reduced placental blood flow is the cause of fetal bradycardia following paracervical block anesthesia. The implications of these findings in obstetric anesthesia are discussed.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1976

Effects of Cis- and trans-clomiphene on the uterine blood flow of oophorectomized ewes.

Changes in the left uterine artery blood flow (YBF) after intraarterial administration of estradiol-17beta and cis- and trans-clomiphene citrate to conscious, oophorectomized ewes were monitored by chronically implanted electromagnetic flow probes. Cis-clomiphene produced UBF increases comparable to or greater than those produced by estradiol-17beta but at dose levels 20 times greater. Comparison of UBF response curves for cis-clomiphene with those for estradiol-17beta showed a delayed onset of initial vasodilation and a delayed peak response. The duration of uterine vasodilation produced by cis-clomiphene was dose-dependent and exceeded that produced by estradiol-17beta. Similar reponses were observed with trans-clomiphene but at dose levels at least 1,000 times those of estradiol-17beta. The characteristics of clomiphene-induced UBF responses that differed from those after estradiol-17beta may reflect differences in estrogen receptor activation between the compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Appendictiis in pregnancy.

Twenty-nine cases of acute appendicitis during pregnancy are presented, and the recent literature is reviewed. Occurring once in 1,600 gestations, appendicitis carries a pregnancy loss of 10.8%. Difficulties in diagnosis and delays in treatment increase with advancing gestational age. Aggressive management may minimize the resultant maternal morbidity and fetal mortality.

Abortion, Missed↗
PubMed1975

Some marital-sexual concomitants of carcinoma of the cervix.

The responses of 50 cervical cancer patients to questions about marital and sexual adjustment are discussed. The subjects were predominantly poor, white women from rural areas or small towns. They had to travel 50 to 150 miles to a hospital where half were treated by radiotherapy and half by surgery. Their interview responses suggest five phases in attitudes and feelings from the time of the diagnosis until six months after treatment. Of 30 subjects who had a sex partner available and who completed the third of four interviews, 70% had either as much or more desire for coitus after treatment than before illness, and 57% had coitus either as frequently or more frequently after treatment than before illness.

Adolescent↗